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Yao S, Wang B, Cao X. Multiaperture g-C 3N 4@SiO 2 to activate peroxydisulfate via visible light for efficient Rhodamine B removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27782-9. [PMID: 37219775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOPs) has been verified as a promising method to handle the persistent organic compounds in water using peroxydisulfate (PDS) as oxidant. A Fenton-like process was constructed and showed great potential to remove organic pollutants using visible-light-assisted PDS activation. The g-C3N4@SiO2 was synthesized via thermo-polymerization, and characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method, photoluminescence (PL), transient photocurrent, and electrochemical impedance. Photocatalytic performance was demonstrated using the removal rate of Rhodamine B (RhB), and 96.08% RhB was removed from the solution within 50 min (10 mg/L in 200 mL, g-C3N4@SiO2 = 0.25 g/L, pH = 6.3, PDS = 1 mmol/L). The free radical capture experiment proved that HO•, h+, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were generated and removed RhB. The cyclic stability of g-C3N4@SiO2 has also been studied, and the result shows no noticeable difference in the six cycles. The system of visible-light-assisted PDS activation might provide a novel strategy for wastewater treatment and must be an environment-friendly catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Yao
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xuan Cao
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China.
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Ranjith R, Vignesh S, Balachandar R, Suganthi S, Raj V, Ramasundaram S, Kalyana Sundar J, Shkir M, Oh TH. Construction of novel g-C 3N 4 coupled efficient Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles for improved Z-scheme photocatalytic removal of environmental wastewater contaminant: Insight mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117134. [PMID: 36584459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the major environmental pollution produced by the release of wastewater in liquid type is one of the most extensive forms of foremost pollution in water ecosystems. In this article, the Bi2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite with a direct Z-scheme was effectively obtained by a facile hydrothermal system. The crystal structures, surface morphology, chemical composition, and the optical belongings of the as-obtained composite catalysts were examined by Power XRD, FT-IR spectra, High-resolution XPS spectra, FE-SEM images with EDX spectra, High-resolution TEM images, UV-Vis DRS, and PL spectra respectively. Furthermore, the photocatalytic performance was assessed by the degradation of aqueous Rhodamine B (Rh B) dye under visible-light exposure. The Bi2O3/g-C3N4 composite photocatalysts (PCs) showed the maximum photo-degradation efficiency through a rate constant value of 0.0149 min-1, which is 4.9 and 5.3 folds superior to Bi2O3, and GCN, respectively. The better GBO2 nanocomposite PCs showed a superior photocatalytic degradation performance (>82%) of aqueous Rh B dye after five successive recycles. Moreover, based on these outcomes of the radical scavenging test, a direct and effective Z-scheme photocatalytic charger transfer mechanism was also projected. Finally, the reusability of the as-obtained Bi2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposite has better stability and reusability, which was a favourable applicant for wastewater handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ranjith
- Department of Physics, K.S.R. College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, 637 215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Vignesh
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Chennai, 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Suganthi
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - V Raj
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniyan Ramasundaram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Kalyana Sundar
- Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohd Shkir
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, NH95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Xue X, Zhang J, Li M, Ao C, Wang Q, Zhao J, Zhang W, Lu C. Facile fabrication of three-dimensional nanofibrous foams of cellulose@g-C 3N 4@Cu 2O with superior visible-light photocatalytic performance. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120455. [PMID: 36657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a unique three-dimensional nanofibrous foam of cellulose@g-C3N4@Cu2O was prepared via electrospinning followed by a foaming process. A cellulose solution in DMAc/LiCl containing g-C3N4 and CuSO4 was applied for electrospinning, while aqueous alkali was used as the coagulation bath. The solidification of electrospun cellulose/g-C3N4 nanofibers would be accompanied with in-situ formation of Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles. Interestingly, the hydrogen gas (H2) generated from NaBH4 could transform the two-dimensional membrane into a three-dimensional foam, leading to the increased specific surface area and porosity of the material. Meanwhile, the Cu(OH)2 nanoparticles attached on the electrospun nanofibers were reduced to Cu2O to form a p-n heterostructure between Cu2O and g-C3N4. The as-prepared cellulose@g-C3N4@Cu2O foam exhibited a high degradation efficiency (99.5 %) for the dye of Congo Red under visible light radiation. And ·O2- was discovered to be the dominant reactive species responsive for dye degradation. Moreover, the cellulose@g-C3N4@Cu2O could maintain its initial degradation efficiency even after seven cycles of reuse, suggesting the excellent stability and cycling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chenghong Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jiangqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
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Zhang P, Zhao R, Liu Z, Su Y, Du C. Natural coal gangue as a stable catalyst to activate persulfate: tetracycline hydrochloride degradation and its explored mechanism. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The surface-bonded hydroxyl groups on CG play the dominant role in PS activation and TC removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Rongbo Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Yiguo Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Chunfang Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010021, P. R. China
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Interface template synthesis of zein-based amorphous TiO2 composite microcapsules with enhanced photo-catalysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Highly efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate by illite-based ultrafine cobalt oxide for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Song J, Messele SA, Meng L, Huang Z, Gamal El-Din M. Adsorption of metals from oil sands process water (OSPW) under natural pH by sludge-based Biochar/Chitosan composite. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 194:116930. [PMID: 33631699 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some metals in oil sands process water (OSPW) are potential threats to human health and the environment. Hence, the removal of excess metals from OSPW is of great significance. In this study, anaerobic sludge waste from a wastewater treatment plant, was reused to prepare sludge-based biochar. A Biochar/Chitosan (Biochar/CS) adsorbent with excellent removal efficiency for metals (Cr, Cu, Se and Pb) in real OSPW was prepared through a facile hydrothermal method. The structural properties of the synthesized Biochar/CS composite were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. This study reports for the first time the removal of metals from OSPW under natural pH using Biochar/CS adsorbent. The composite exhibited a higher removal efficiency towards Cr (83.9%), Cu (97.5%), Se (87.9%) and Pb (94.3%) when the initial concentrations of Cr, Cu, Se and Pb were 0.02914, 0.06185, 0.00800 and 0.00516 mg/L, respectively, at a dosage of 0.5 g/L, compared with biochar or chitosan alone. The possible adsorption mechanism was proposed, and the enhanced removal ability was due to the improved specific surface area and pore volume, which increased by about 20 and 14 times as compared with chitosan. Functional groups in the composite, such as -NH2, -OH and some oxygen containing groups, were also responsible for the enhanced removal ability, which also might be the reason for the better performance of the composite than biochar alone due to the lack of functional groups on the biochar. Moreover, the adsorption process was best modelled by the Freundlich model, pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The results indicated that chemical adsorption might play the dominant role in the removal process. Overall, the Biochar/CS composite would be a promising and effective adsorbent for metals removal, owing to its advantages of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Song
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Selamawit Ashagre Messele
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lingjun Meng
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhanbin Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, T6G 1H9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Gogoi D, Makkar P, Ghosh NN. Solar Light-Irradiated Photocatalytic Degradation of Model Dyes and Industrial Dyes by a Magnetic CoFe 2O 4-gC 3N 4 S-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalyst. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4831-4841. [PMID: 33644591 PMCID: PMC7905952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic CoFe2O4-gC3N4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized, and their photocatalytic activities toward the decomposition of model synthetic dyes (e.g., methylene blue, methyl orange, and Congo red) in the presence of H2O2 were evaluated under simulated solar light irradiation. The 50CoFe2O4-50gC3N4 nanocomposite exhibited the highest catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of 50CoFe2O4-50gC3N4 toward the photodegradation of some industrially used dyes (such as Drimaren Turquoise CL-B p, Drimaren Yellow CL-2R p, and Drimaren Red CL-5B p) was also examined, and the catalyst exhibited its capability to decompose the industrial dyes completely. An aqueous mixture of these dyes was prepared to mimic the dye-containing wastewater, which was fully photodegraded within 30 min. 50CoFe2O4-50gC3N4 also exhibited facile magnetic separability from the reaction mixture after the accomplishment of photocatalysis reaction and stable performance after five cycles. The high photocatalytic efficiency to degrade several dyes, including dyes used in textile industries, under solar light irradiation makes 50CoFe2O4-50gC3N4 a promising photocatalyst for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater discharged from industries.
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Construction of SiO2-TiO2/g-C3N4 composite photocatalyst for hydrogen production and pollutant degradation: Insight into the effect of SiO2. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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10
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Huang Z, Li L, Li Z, Li H, Wu J. Synthesis of Novel Kaolin-Supported g-C 3N 4/CeO 2 Composites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Ciprofloxacin. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173811. [PMID: 32872322 PMCID: PMC7503662 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Herein, novel ternary kaolin/CeO2/g-C3N4 composite was prepared by sol-gel method followed by hydrothermal treatment. The self-assembled 3D “sandwich” structure consisting of kaolin, CeO2 and g-C3N4 nanosheets, was systematically characterized by appropriate techniques to assess its physicochemical properties. In the prerequisite of visible-light irradiation, the removal efficiency of ciprofloxacin (CIP) over the kaolin/CeO2/g-C3N4 composite was about 90% within 150 min, 2-folds higher than those of pristine CeO2 and g-C3N4. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the improved photo-induced charge separation efficiency and the large specific surface area, which was determined by electrochemical measurements and N2 physisorption methods, respectively. The synergistic effect between the kaolin and CeO2/g-C3N4 heterostructure improved the photocatalytic performance of the final solid. The trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments demonstrated that the hole (h+) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) played an important role in the photocatalytic process. The photocatalytic mechanism for CIP degradation was also proposed based on experimental results. The obtained results revealed that the kaolin/CeO2/g-C3N4 composite is a promising solid catalyst for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Huang
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.W.)
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China
| | - Leicheng Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhiping Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Huan Li
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan, China; (Z.H.); (Z.L.); (H.L.); (J.W.)
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Tuning and controlling photocatalytic performance of TiO2/kaolinite composite towards ciprofloxacin: Role of 0D/2D structural assembly. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Yu D, Wang W, Gao P, Zhang L, Zhong S, Liu B. Recyclable and highly efficient photocatalytic fabric of Fe(III)@BiVO4/cotton via thiol-ene click reaction with visible-light response in water. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Bo L, Hu Y, Zhang Z, Tong J. Efficient photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B catalyzed by SrFe2O4/g-C3N4 composite under visible light. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fabrication of Novel Cyanuric Acid Modified g-C3N4/Kaolinite Composite with Enhanced Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Activity. MINERALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/min8100437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel kind of cyanuric-acid-modified graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/kaolinite (m-CN/KA) composite with enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic performance was fabricated through a facile two-step process. Rhodamine B (RhB) was taken as the target pollutant to study the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized catalysts. It is indicated that the cyanuric acid modification significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination in comparison with the other reference samples. The apparent rate constant of m-CN/KA is almost 1.9 times and 4.0 times those of g-C3N4/kaolinite and bare g-C3N4, respectively. The superior photocatalytic performance of m-CN/KA could be ascribed, not only to the generation of abundant pore structure and reactive sites, but also to the efficient separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of m-CN/KA was also presented in this paper. It could be anticipated that this novel and efficient, metal-free, mineral-based photocatalytic composite has great application prospects in organic pollutant degradation.
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Facile synthesis of nano-TiO 2 /stellerite composite with efficient photocatalytic degradation of phenol. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Prakash K, Kumar PS, Latha P, Saravanakumar K, Karuthapandian S. Design and Fabrication of a Novel Metal-Free SiO2/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite: A Robust Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Organic Contaminants. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-017-0715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Chaukura N, Mamba BB, Mishra SB. Conversion of post consumer waste polystyrene into a high value adsorbent and its sorptive properties for Congo Red removal from aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 193:280-289. [PMID: 28232242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using post-consumer waste polystyrene (WPS), a conjugated microporous polymer (CMP) was synthesised and activated into a sulphonic-group carrying resin (SCMP). The surface chemistry of the materials showed a decline in both the aromatic CH and aliphatic CH2 stretching vibrations confirming successful crosslinking. The synthesised polymers were thermally stable with decomposition temperatures above 300 °C, had surface heterogeneity, and BET surface areas of 752 and 510 m2/g, respectively. A distribution of pores ranging from meso- to micro-pores was comparable to other CMPs. The materials had maximum adsorption capacities of 500 and 357 mg/g for Congo Red (CR) on CMP and SCMP, respectively. Converting waste polystyrene to an adsorbent is a cost effective way of handling waste and simultaneously providing material for wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhamo Chaukura
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Bhekie B Mamba
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shivani B Mishra
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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