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Rouchalová K, Rouchalová D, Čablík V, Matýsek D. Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Pure-Phase Sodalite (>99 wt.%) in Suspension: Methodology Design and Verification. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:269. [PMID: 38204121 PMCID: PMC10780149 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies focused on the hydrothermal (HT) synthesis of fly ash zeolites (FAZs), this method still has many limitations, the main of which is the low yield of zeolites. Hydrothermally synthesized zeolites are typically multiphase and exhibit low purity, which limits their applicability. Pure-phase zeolites have been primarily prepared from filtrates after alkaline mineralization of fly ashes, not directly in suspension. In addition, the published methodologies have not been tested in a wider set of samples, and thus their reproducibility is not confirmed. The aim of the study is to propose a reproducible methodology that overcomes the mentioned limitations. The influence of the Si/Al ratio (1.3:1-1:2), the type and concentration of the activator (2/4 M NaOH/KOH/LiOH), the reagent (30% LiCl), the duration (24-168 h), and the temperature (50-180 °C) of the synthesis phases were studied. The sequence of the synthesis phases was also optimized, depending on the type of heat transfer. The fly ashes were analyzed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WD XRF), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The energy intensity of the synthesis was reduced through the application of unique microwave digestion technology. Both microwave and combined (microwave and convection) syntheses were conducted. FAZs were identified and quantified by XRD analysis. This study presents a three-stage (TS) hydrothermal synthesis of pure-phase sodalite in suspension. Sodalite (>99 wt.%) was prepared from nine fly ashes under the following conditions: I. microwave phase: 120 °C, 150 min, solid-to-liquid ratio (S/L) 1:5, Si/Al ratio 1:1.5, and 4 M NaOH; II. convection phase: 120 °C, 24 h, S/L 1:40, and the addition of 30 mL of 30% LiCl; and III. crystallization: 70 °C for 24 h. The formation of rhombododecahedral sodalite crystals was confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rouchalová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (D.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Dana Rouchalová
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (D.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Vladimír Čablík
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (D.R.); (V.Č.)
| | - Dalibor Matýsek
- Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17 Listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
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Haghjoo S, Lengauer CL, Kazemian H, Roushani M. Facile and innovative application of surfactant-modified-zeolite from Austrian fly ash for glyphosate removal from water solution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118976. [PMID: 37738732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights a pioneering approach in the development of an efficient, affordable, and economically feasible adsorbent specifically tailored for the removal of glyphosate (Gly) from contaminated water. To accomplish this objective, a low-cost and pure NaA Zeolite (NaAZ) was synthesized with 93% crystallinity from Austrian fly ash (AFA) as a precursor for the first-time. Taguchi design was employed to optimize critical parameters such as the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, alkalinity concentration, time, and temperature. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and external cation exchange capacity (ECEC) are determined as critical factors for the modification process. Subsequently, the pure NaAZ was modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HDTMAC), a cationic surfactant. The utilization of surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) for Gly removal demonstrates its innovative application in this field, highlighting its enhanced adsorption capacity and optimized surface properties. The AFA, NaAZ, and SMZ were characterized using analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, FTIR-ATR, SEM, TGA, BET, CHNSO analyzer and ICP-OES. The adsorbent exhibited effective Gly removal through its pH-dependent charge properties (pH 2-10), with an optimized pH 6 facilitating a significant electrostatic interaction between the adsorbent and Gly. SMZ demonstrated remarkable adsorption capacity and removal efficacy, surpassing most reported adsorbents with values of 769.23 mg/g and 98.92% respectively. Our study demonstrates the significant advantage of the SMZ, with a low leaching concentration of only 6 ppm after 60 days, ensuring environmental safety, long-term stability, and public health considerations. The kinetics of the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second order and the Freundlich isotherm. Pore diffusion and H-bonding were postulated to be involved in physisorption, whereas electrophilic interactions led to chemisorption type of adsorption. Consequently, SMZ provides a practical significance, broad applicability and promising solution for Gly removal, facilitating sustainable water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Haghjoo
- Universität Wien, Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Geozentrum (UZA II), Raum 2.B3.48, 1090 Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Austria; Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Christian L Lengauer
- Universität Wien, Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, Geozentrum (UZA II), Raum 2.B3.48, 1090 Wien, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Austria.
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Materials Technology & Environmental Research (MATTER) lab, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Northern Analytical Lab Services (Northern BC's Environmental and Climate Solutions Innovation Hub), University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; Environmental Sciences Program, Faculty of Environment, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, V2N4Z9, Canada.
| | - Mahmoud Roushani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ilam University, Ilam, P. O. BOX. 69315-516, Iran
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Ju T, Meng Y, Han S, Lin L, Jiang J. On the state of the art of crystalline structure reconstruction of coal fly ash: A focus on zeolites. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131010. [PMID: 34153918 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coal fly ash (CFA) is fine particles generated from coal combustion, and large amount of CFA causes environmental pollution. Traditionally, CFA is added into construction materials, which has realized effective reduction. As the exploration of CFA properties goes deeper, finer utilization has been studied to maximize the recycling of CFA. Summarized from plenty of investigations, structure reconstruction has become the most crucial part for re-production as well as pre-treatments. Various zeolites and other complex materials have been synthesized by structure reconstruction. In this work, the state of the art of structure reconstruction were technically collated in the order of pre-treatments, mechanisms, specific techniques, and novel optimizing strategies. It has been found the crystalline types are closely related to the reaction conditions, that certain types of products could be obtained via accurate condition controls, especially the ratio of Si to Al. The current as-synthesized products were listed as well as their crystalline structure characteristics. Recently, combined materials and techniques have been innovatively investigated. However, the challenge remains as low purity, not only impurities in CFA but also different types of zeolites formed in one process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Ju
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyu Han
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Tumrani SH, Soomro RA, Zhang X, Bhutto DA, Bux N, Ji X. Coal fly ash driven zeolites for the adsorptive removal of the ceftazidime drug. RSC Adv 2021; 11:26110-26119. [PMID: 35479438 PMCID: PMC9037126 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall cost and efficiency of an adsorbent material is a major issue in deriving a sorbent into commercial markets. In this study, efforts have been directed to produce adsorption-capable zeolites from the dispensable product of coal power plants, i.e., coal fly ash (CFA). In addition, coal mining water (CW) was used as a direct hydrothermal solvent. The mine water from China's coal mines was used in this experiment to substitute tap water (TP) for synthesizing zeolite from C-type fly ashes with different crystallization temperatures (45 to 95 °C). Here, CW led to the formation of X-type and A-type zeolites of comparable size. Regarding the proper utilization of waste products, i.e., coal fly ash and mine water, the study paves a simple yet extremely cost-effective approach to synthesize workable zeolitic materials for adsorption purposes. The detailed characterization justified the use of CW as a better solvent than TP to prepare zeolites based on their better granular size and fewer carbon impurities. The prepared zeolites were later used as an adsorbent for the trace removal of ceftazidime (CAZ), taken as a model pharmaceutical pollutant. The zeolites prepared using CW realised a higher adsorption capacity of 80 mg g−1 during 20 min of agitation time. The pH, concentration, and external salt effects were also studied to achieve maximum removal efficiency. In general, the proposed approach enables the production of affordable yet efficient zeolite-based adsorbent materials without consuming any toxic and expensive reagents for practical application in environmental remediations. Diagram showing a systematic approach to preparing zeolites using the hydrothermal approach with the coal mine water and tap water as dissolution solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadam Hussain Tumrani
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China +86-010-6233-6630
| | - Razium Ali Soomro
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Process and Technology for Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China +86-010-6233-6630
| | - Danish Ali Bhutto
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China +86-010-6233-6630
| | - Nabi Bux
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China +86-010-6233-6630
| | - Xiaodong Ji
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China +86-010-6233-6630
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Yang J, Sun H, Peng T, Zeng L, Chao L. Study on the Overall Reaction Pathways and Structural Transformations during Decomposition of Coal Fly Ash in the Process of Alkali-Calcination. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14051163. [PMID: 33801284 PMCID: PMC7958134 DOI: 10.3390/ma14051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research, phase transformation and the role of NaOH on the structure of coal fly ash (CFA) during an alkali-calcination process were identified by a combination of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and deconvolution analysis. The variation in the different functional groups and structural parameters of the raw and post-alkali calcinated CFA were analysed by deconvolution of the FTIR results, conducted with a Gaussian approach. The results, firstly, provide a deep insight into the functional groups in CFA. In CFA systems, the vibration signals of Q0, Q1, Q2 and Q3 were detected and the dominant structural units associated with Si tetrahedron groups were isolated to Q3 and Q2. Deconvolution analysis of the band from 400 to 1400 cm−1 showed that the added NaOH resulted in an increase in Q1 at the cost of Q3 and Q2 and the degree of reaction of the CFA was, therefore, decreased. Concurrently, it was established that the changes in the Gaussian peak component were related to the calcination temperature and time that allowed us to tailor the model of the structural decomposition of CFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (T.P.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Hongjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (T.P.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tongjiang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (T.P.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (T.P.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Li Chao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; (T.P.); (L.Z.); (L.C.); (J.Y.)
- Institute of Mineral Materials and Application, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Makgabutlane B, Nthunya LN, Nxumalo EN, Musyoka NM, Mhlanga SD. Microwave Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis of Zeolites from Coal Fly Ash: An Optimization Study for a Sustainable and Efficient Production Process. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25000-25008. [PMID: 33043177 PMCID: PMC7542601 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Class F South African coal fly ash was used as a precursor for the synthesis of zeolite A via complete microwave irradiation. To attain optimal conditions for the synthesis of zeolite A with minimum impurities, the microwave synthesis time, irradiation power, and Si/Al ratio were varied. Sodalite with fly ash phases were obtained when the Si/Al ratio in the coal fly ash was not adjusted and when the microwave irradiated coal fly ash slurry was used instead of the extract solution. Increased microwave irradiation time power and time favored the crystallization of zeolite A phase due to sufficient energy needed to ensure the dissolution of Al and Si from coal fly ash. A Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 29.54 m2/g and a cation exchange capacity of 3.10 mequiv/g were achieved for zeolite A, suggesting its potential application as an adsorbent and cation exchange material for environmental remediation. Complete microwave irradiation offers a greener approach toward zeolite synthesis from coal fly ash compared to conventional hydrothermal and fusion methods that consume a lot of energy and require longer reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo Makgabutlane
- Nanotechnology
and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering
and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
- SabiNano
Research and Innovation and the DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation
Centre, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe
Drive, Strijdom Park, Randburg, 2194 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lebea N. Nthunya
- Department
of Chemical, Metallurgical and Material Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag x680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Edward N. Nxumalo
- Nanotechnology
and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science, Engineering
and Technology, University of South Africa, Florida, 1709 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nicholas M. Musyoka
- HySA
Infrastructure Centre of Competence, Centre for Nanostructures and
Advanced Materials (CeNAM), Chemicals cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Meiring Naude Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Sabelo D. Mhlanga
- SabiNano
Research and Innovation and the DSI/MINTEK Nanotechnology Innovation
Centre, Mintek, 200 Malibongwe
Drive, Strijdom Park, Randburg, 2194 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Synthesis of Zeolite from Electrolytic Manganese Residue: Investigation on the Variation of the Propert of Zeolite during the Conversion Process. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/6939101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cation exchange capacity (CEC); phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC); and chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) based zeolite (EMRZ) were systematically investigated during the synthesis process. By varying synthesis conditions, different zeolites with different purity were generated, and it was proven that a lower Si/Al ratio, relatively higher temperature, and relatively longer time favored the synthesis of zeolite. Besides, the decrease in Si/Al ratio and variation within a narrow range contributed to the forming of Al rich zeolite. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of CEC and PIC of EMRZ contributed to the case in which various elements in EMRZ do have an impact on CEC (Na2O element and type of zeolite) and PIC (calcium and iron components). Moreover, the synthesis conditions were optimized and evaluated in terms of their CEC, specific surface area (SSA), and crystallinity. According to the analyses using XRD, FE-SEM, and XRF and the SSA analysis, the EMRZ (mainly zeolite A, LTA) synthesized under the optimum conditions (initial Si/Al ratio of 1.5, at 100°C, for 1.5 h) was found to be mainly composed of highly ordered cubic zeolites A crystals with a Si/Al ratio of 1.02 and a CEC of 3.45 meq/g.
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Wang N, Hu Q, Du X, Xu H, Hao L. Study on decolorization of Rhodamine B by raw coal fly ash catalyzed Fenton-like process under microwave irradiation. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Application of the Taguchi method to investigate the effects of experimental parameters in hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite from coal fly ash. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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