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Huynh VTT, de Paiva Lacerda S, Espitalier F, Beyssac E, Ré MI. Effect of talc and vitamin E TPGS on manufacturability, stability and release properties of trilaurin-based formulations for hot-melt coating. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123866. [PMID: 38286194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This study was focused on one particular case of hot-melt coating with trilaurin - a solid medium-chain monoacid triglyceride. The challenge of using trilaurin as coating agent in melting-based processes is linked to its relatively low melting profile: 15.6 °C (Tm,α), 35.1 °C ( [Formula: see text] ) and 45.7 °C (Tm,β). From a process perspective, the only possibility to generate products coated with formulations composed of trilaurin is by setting thermal operational conditions above Tm,α. From a material perspective, this processing possibility depends principally on trilaurin crystallisation which was investigated via a set of analytical techniques including turbidimetry, calorimetry, hot-melt goniometry, and polarised light microscopy. A highly soluble drug model substrate (sodium chloride crystals) was coated with three selected trilaurin-based formulations: (i) trilaurin, (ii) trilaurin plus talc, and (iii) trilaurin plus vitamin E TPGS and talc. Coated salt crystals were then analysed to investigate processing performance, coating quality, stability and release properties under digestion effect. The results show that firstly, talc addition promotes nucleation and crystal growth and, as a consequence, it facilitates the manufacture of trilaurin-based formulations. Secondly, the formulation of a solid triglyceride and a hydrophilic surfactant could potentially cause release instability, but formula (iii) was found to be stabilised by a mechanism whereby trilaurin crystallization enhanced in the presence of talc immobilised vitamin E TPGS in its crystal lattice. Thirdly, talc addition did not significantly influence trilaurin digestion which endows products with an immediate release in lipolytic conditions instead of an extended liberation in pure water. Nor did the addition of one or two additives alter the extent of trilaurin digestion under the conditions studied. These important findings relate to product manufacturability, stability, and release properties. A good understanding of material properties (e.g. crystallisation, polymorphism, digestibility) is essential for melt-processing, lipid coating stabilising and modulation of release profile of solid lipid-coated product, as demonstrated in this case study with trilaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Trung-Tin Huynh
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Suenia de Paiva Lacerda
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Fabienne Espitalier
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France
| | - Eric Beyssac
- UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maria-Inês Ré
- RAPSODEE - Centre de recherche d'Albi en génie des procédés des solides divisés, de l'énergie et de l'environnement, Albi, France.
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Babarabie M, Sardoei AS, Jamali B, Hatami M. Carnauba wax-based edible coatings retain quality enhancement of orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Moro) fruits during storage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4133. [PMID: 38374381 PMCID: PMC10876575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fruit coatings serve a dual purpose in preserving the quality of fruits. Not only do they act as a barrier against water evaporation and fungal infiltration, but they also enhance the fruit's visual appeal in the market. Yet, their influence on the fruit's quality components, which play a crucial role in determining its nutritional value, taste, and overall flavor, has remained relatively unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carnauba wax coating on the quality of Moro oranges during storage. The selected fruits were meticulously chosen for uniformity in size. The experiment involved applying carnauba wax, a commonly used type among local producers, at four different concentrations: 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. These treatments were applied during various storage periods, including immediately after fruits were harvested and after 40 and 80 days. Following the application of these treatments, the oranges were stored in a controlled environment (morgue) at a temperature of 4 ± 1 °C. Subsequently, several physicochemical parameters of both the fruit flesh and skin were examined. The results unveiled a decline in the overall ascorbic acid content of the fruits. In terms of phenol content, a general decreasing trend was observed after harvesting. At each sampling interval during storage, the phenol content in uncoated fruits consistently exceeded that of their waxed counterparts. Significant reduction in fruit weight was observed throughout the storage period. Both vitamin C and total acidity levels in the fruit exhibited decreases during the storage period. As time passed, fruit firmness gradually declined, while fruit decay increased during the 40- and 80-day storage periods for untreated Moro oranges. The anthocyanin content showed an increasing trend. The study also unveiled a decline in the antioxidant capacity of citrus fruits during storage. Strong significant positive correlations were observed between total phenol content and key parameters, such as antioxidant activity (0.941**), MDA (0.364*), vitamin C content, and total carbohydrate content (0.475**). Skin radiance showed a perfect correlation with chroma and hue (1.000**). Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component accounted for 34.27% of the total variance, out of a total of five principal components that explained 77.14% of the variance. Through cluster analysis, the variables were categorized into three distinct groups; one associated with weight loss and another with ion leakage. Considering these findings, carnauba wax-based coating emerges as a promising solution for preserving Moro oranges. It effectively mitigates fruit weight loss and helps maintain fruit firmness during storage, making it a valuable tool for fruit preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Babarabie
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Complex, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ali Salehi Sardoei
- Horticultural and Crops Research Department Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Jiroft, Iran.
| | - Babak Jamali
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Complex, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Susmita Devi L, Kalita S, Mukherjee A, Kumar S. Carnauba wax-based composite films and coatings: recent advancement in prolonging postharvest shelf-life of fruits and vegetables. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Beeswax crystals form a network structure in highly unsaturated oils and O/W emulsions under supersaturation and cool temperature conditions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Woerthmann B, Totzauer L, Briesen H. Delamination and wetting behavior of natural hot-melt coating materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang D, Li S, Wang B, Guo Z, Liu W. Fabrication of bioinspired edible liquid marble with phase transition and tunable water barrier property. Biodes Manuf 2021; 4:889-901. [PMID: 34377577 PMCID: PMC8336672 DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on aphid wax-honeydew marble and the hydrophobic wax structure of lotus and its derived applications with superareophilic and superhydrophobic properties, edible carnauba wax and beeswax particles were mixed and utilized to mimic lotus wax and wrap liquid, thus forming liquid marbles (LMs). Through the utilization of continuous production system (CPS), wax as an interfacial surfactant, water and solid, air-phase or mixed-phase marble content was produced. The edible liquid marble (ELM) could encapsulate water and food droplets. Edible solid marble (ESM) and edible solid hollow marbles (ESHMs) could be fabricated by applying pectin or syrup. Moreover, through the heating of wax powders with different melting temperatures, stable tablets and hollow capsules could be produced. The wax powder as interfacial surfactant could firmly bind with pectin through hydrogen bonds on ESM. The edible LMs can therefore be applied for residue reduction, corrosion reduction, biohazard prevention and cleaning in the food industry. The other phase LMs could act as novel tools in the pharmaceutical and food industries with the above-mentioned water transport, preservation, sustained releasing and selective releasing abilities. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42242-021-00158-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Shanpeng Li
- College of Engineering, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000 China
| | - Ben Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Woerthmann B, Lindner J, Kovacevic T, Pergam P, Schmid F, Briesen H. A novel method for assessing the coating uniformity of hot-melt coated particles using micro-computed tomography. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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8
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Moisture barrier films for herbal medicines fabricated by electrostatic dry coating with ultrafine powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salar-Behzadi S, Corzo C, Gomes Lopes D, Meindl C, Lochmann D, Reyer S. Novel approach for overcoming the stability challenges of lipid-based excipients. Part 2: Application of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids as hot melt coating excipients. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:107-117. [PMID: 31982575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of hot melt coating (HMC) as an economic and solvent-free technology is restricted in pharmaceutical development, due to the instable solid-state of HMC excipients resulting in drug release instability. We have previously introduced polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGFAs) with stable solid-state (Part 1). In this work we showed a novel application of PGFAs as HMC excipients with stable performance. Three PGFA compounds with a HLB range of 5.1-6.2 were selected for developing immediate-release formulations. The HMC properties were investigated. The viscosity of molten lipids at 100 °C was suitable for atomizing. The DSC data showed the absence of low solidification fractions, thus reduced risk of agglomeration during the coating process. The driving force for crystallization of selected compounds was lower and the heat flow exotherms were broader compared to conventional HMC formulations, indicating a lower energy barrier for nucleation and lower crystallization rate. Lower spray rates and a process temperature close to solidification temperature were desired to provide homogeneous coating. DSC and X-ray diffraction data revealed stable solid state during 6 months storage at 40 °C. API release was directly proportional to HLB and indirectly proportional to crystalline network density and was stable during investigated 3 months. Cytotoxicity was assessed by dehydrogenase activity and no in vitro cytotoxic effect was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Salar-Behzadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Carolina Corzo
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Claudia Meindl
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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de Freitas CAS, de Sousa PHM, Soares DJ, da Silva JYG, Benjamin SR, Guedes MIF. Carnauba wax uses in food – A review. Food Chem 2019; 291:38-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Salar-Behzadi S, Corzo C, Schaden L, Laggner P, Zimmer A. Correlation between the solid state of lipid coating and release profile of API from hot melt coated microcapsules. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:569-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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