|
1
|
Kang D, Yang Z, Zhang D, Jiao Y, Fang C, Wang K. Study on the Effect of Temperature on the Crystal Transformation of Microporous Calcium Silicate Synthesized of Extraction Silicon Solution from Fly Ash. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2154. [PMID: 36984034 PMCID: PMC10054069 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microporous calcium silicate was synthesized from a silicon solution of fly ash extracted by soaking in strong alkali as a silicon source. By means of XRD, TEM, FTIR, and thermodynamic calculations, the crystal evolution and growth process of microporous calcium silicate were studied under the synthesis temperature of 295~365 K. The results show that calcium silicate is a single-chain structure of the Si-O tetrahedron: Q1 type Si-O tetrahedron is located at both ends of the chain, and the middle is the [SiO44-] tetrahedron connected by [O2-] coplanar, and Ca2+ is embedded in the interlayer structure of calcium silicate. The formation rate and crystallization degree of calcium silicate hydrate were positively correlated with temperature. When the synthesis temperature was 295 K, its particle size was about 8 μm, and when the synthesis temperature was 330 K, a large number of amorphous microporous calcium silicate with a particle size of about 14 μm will be generated. When the temperature was above 350 K, the average particle size was about 17 μm. The microporous calcium silicate showed obvious crystalline characteristics, which indicate that the crystallization degree and particle size of microporous calcium silicate could be controlled by a reasonable synthesis temperature adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - De Zhang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Chenyang Fang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Development of Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Geological Technology and Geotechnical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards and Geotechnical Engineering Defense in Sandy and Drought Regions at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Yang Z, Zhang D, Jiao Y, Fang C, Kang D, Yan C, Zhang J. Crystal Evolution of Calcium Silicate Minerals Synthesized by Calcium Silicon Slag and Silica Fume with Increase of Hydrothermal Synthesis Temperature. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041620. [PMID: 35208160 PMCID: PMC8877234 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to realize high-value utilization of calcium silicon slag (CSS) and silica fume (SF), the dynamic hydrothermal synthesis experiments of CSS and SF were carried out under different hydrothermal synthesis temperatures. In addition, phase category, microstructure, and micropore parameters of the synthesis product were analyzed through testing methods of XRD, SEM, EDS and micropore analysis. The results show that the main mechanism of synthesis reaction is that firstly β-Dicalcium silicate, the main mineral in CSS, hydrates to produce amorphous C–S–H and Ca(OH)2, and the environment of system is induced to strong alkaline. Therefore, the highly polymerized Si-O bond of SF is broken under the polarization of OH− to form (SiO4) of Q0. Next, amorphous C–S–H, Ca(OH)2 and (SiO4) of Q0 react each other to gradually produce various of calcium silicate minerals. With an increase of synthesis temperature, the crystal evolution order for calcium silicate minerals is cocoon-like C–S–H, mesh-like C–S–H, large flake-like gyrolite, small flake-like gyrolite, petal-like gyrolite, square flake-like calcium silicate hydroxide hydrate, and strip-like tobermorite. In addition, petal-like calcium silicate with high average pore volume (APV), specific surface area (SSA) and low average pore diameter (APD) can be prepared under the 230 °C synthesis condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Correspondence:
| | - De Zhang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Chengyang Fang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Dong Kang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Changwang Yan
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (Y.J.); (C.F.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Huo L, Wang T, Pu Y, Li C, Li L, Zhai M, Qiao C, Bai Y. Effect of Cobalt Doping on the Stability of CaO‐Based Catalysts for Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis via the Transesterification of Propylene Carbonate with Methanol. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linmeng Huo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Pu
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Chenxin Li
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 27# South Taoyuan Road Taiyuan 030001 P. R. China
| | - Minglu Zhai
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Congzhen Qiao
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| | - Yan Bai
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Catalytic Reaction College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University Kaifeng 475004 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Niuniavaite D, Baltakys K, Dambrauskas T, Eisinas A, Rubinaite D, Jaskunas A. Microstructure, Thermal Stability, and Catalytic Activity of Compounds Formed in CaO-SiO 2-Cr(NO 3) 3-H 2O System. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1299. [PMID: 32630781 PMCID: PMC7407582 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the thermal stability, microstructure, and catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of calcium silicate hydrates formed in the CaO-SiO2-Cr(NO3)3-H2O system under hydrothermal conditions were examined in detail. Dry primary mixture with a molar ratio of CaO/SiO2 = 1.5 was mixed with Cr(NO3)3 solution (c = 10 g Cr3+/dm3) to reach a solution/solid ratio of the suspension of 10.0:1. Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in unstirred suspensions at 175 °C for 16 h. It was determined that, after treatment, semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates C-S-H(I) and/or C-S-H(II) with incorporated Cr3+ ions (100 mg/g) were formed. The results of in situ X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analyses showed that the products were stable until 500 °C, while, at higher temperatures, they recrystallized to calcium chromate (CaCrO4, 550 °C) and wollastonite (800-850 °C). It was determined that both the surface area and the shape of the dominant pore changed during calcination. Propanol oxidation experiments showed that synthetic semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates with intercalated chromium ions are able to exchange oxygen during the heterogeneous oxidation process. The obtained results were confirmed by XRD, STA, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and BET methods, and by propanol oxidation experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domante Niuniavaite
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Kestutis Baltakys
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Tadas Dambrauskas
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Anatolijus Eisinas
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Dovile Rubinaite
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (D.N.); (T.D.); (A.E.); (D.R.)
| | - Andrius Jaskunas
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| |
Collapse
|