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Alton LA, Novelo M, Beaman JE, Arnold PA, Bywater CL, Kerton EJ, Lombardi EJ, Koh C, McGraw EA. Exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation increases the susceptibility of mosquitoes to infection with dengue virus. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5540-5551. [PMID: 37560790 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
By 2100, greenhouse gases are predicted to reduce ozone and cloud cover over the tropics causing increased exposure of organisms to harmful ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR). UVBR damages DNA and is an important modulator of immune function and disease susceptibility in humans and other vertebrates. The effect of UVBR on invertebrate immune function is largely unknown, but UVBR together with ultraviolet-A radiation impairs an insect immune response that utilizes melanin, a pigment that also protects against UVBR-induced DNA damage. If UVBR weakens insect immunity, then it may make insect disease vectors more susceptible to infection with pathogens of socioeconomic and public health importance. In the tropics, where UVBR is predicted to increase, the mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), is prevalent and a growing threat to humans. We therefore examined the effect of UVBR on the mosquito Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for DENV, to better understand the potential implications of increased tropical UVBR for mosquito-borne disease risk. We found that exposure to a UVBR dose that caused significant larval mortality approximately doubled the probability that surviving females would become infected with DENV, despite this UVBR dose having no effect on the expression of an effector gene involved in antiviral immunity. We also found that females exposed to a lower UVBR dose were more likely to have low fecundity even though this UVBR dose had no effect on larval size or activity, pupal cuticular melanin content, or adult mass, metabolic rate, or flight capacity. We conclude that future increases in tropical UVBR associated with anthropogenic global change may have the benefit of reducing mosquito-borne disease risk for humans by reducing mosquito fitness, but this benefit may be eroded if it also makes mosquitoes more likely to be infected with deadly pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Alton
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario Novelo
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julian E Beaman
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Candice L Bywater
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Kerton
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily J Lombardi
- Centre for Geometric Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cassandra Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A McGraw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kumar G, Ojha VP, Pasi S, Dhiman RC. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on immature stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. J Vector Borne Dis 2023; 60:382-385. [PMID: 38174515 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.374043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives Understanding the influence of ultraviolet light on organisms is important for examining the hazards of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. However, little is known about the biological toxicity of ultraviolet light against mosquitoes, which are regularly exposed to UV light. This study was planned to determine the impact of UV radiation on different aquatic stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefaciatus mosquitoes. Methods We exposed I/II instar larvae, III/IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes to UV radiation of 253 nm wavelength in a closed chamber of 30×30 cm. The exposure was done for different time intervals viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 minutes and so on. Development of larvae/pupae to adult stage was monitored daily and mortality, if any, was recorded. Results Development of I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus to pupal stage was unsuccessful at an exposure time of one minute while only 1.7% pupation occurred in I/II instar larvae of Ae. aegypti upon similar exposure. When III/IV stage larvae were exposed to UV light, pupal development occurred only at 30seconds and one-minute exposure in An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus but in Ae. aegypti, no pupation occurred with one-minute exposure. With four-minute UV exposure of pupae, no adult emerged in Ae. aegypti; 33.3% adult emerged in An. stephensi and 66.7% adult emerged in Cx. quinquefaciatus. Interpretation & conclusion Our results show that UV radiation results in developmental arrest of Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefaciatus mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - V P Ojha
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Pasi
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh C Dhiman
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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Mota MBS, Carvalho MA, Monteiro ANA, Mesquita RD. DNA damage response and repair in perspective: Aedes aegypti, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:533. [PMID: 31711518 PMCID: PMC6849265 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The maintenance of genomic integrity is the responsibility of a complex network, denominated the DNA damage response (DDR), which controls the lesion detection and DNA repair. The main repair pathways are base excision repair (BER), nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), homologous recombination repair (HR) and non-homologous end joining repair (NHEJ). They correct double-strand breaks (DSB), single-strand breaks, mismatches and others, or when the damage is quite extensive and repair insufficient, apoptosis is activated. Methods In this study we used the BLAST reciprocal best-hit methodology to search for DDR orthologs proteins in Aedes aegypti. We also provided a comparison between Ae. aegypti, D. melanogaster and human DDR network. Results Our analysis revealed the presence of ATR and ATM signaling, including the H2AX ortholog, in Ae. aegypti. Key DDR proteins (orthologs to RAD51, Ku and MRN complexes, XP-components, MutS and MutL) were also identified in this insect. Other proteins were not identified in both Ae. aegypti and D. melanogaster, including BRCA1 and its partners from BRCA1-A complex, TP53BP1, PALB2, POLk, CSA, CSB and POLβ. In humans, their absence affects DSB signaling, HR and sub-pathways of NER and BER. Seven orthologs not known in D. melanogaster were found in Ae. aegypti (RNF168, RIF1, WRN, RAD54B, RMI1, DNAPKcs, ARTEMIS). Conclusions The presence of key DDR proteins in Ae. aegypti suggests that the main DDR pathways are functional in this insect, and the identification of proteins not known in D. melanogaster can help fill gaps in the DDR network. The mapping of the DDR network in Ae. aegypti can support mosquito biology studies and inform genetic manipulation approaches applied to this vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz S Mota
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alex Carvalho
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Divisão de Pesquisa Clínica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Rafael D Mesquita
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Derua YA, Kahindi SC, Mosha FW, Kweka EJ, Atieli HE, Zhou G, Lee MC, Githeko AK, Yan G. Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to microbial larvicides in diverse ecological settings in western Kenya. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 33:220-227. [PMID: 30628101 PMCID: PMC6995353 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The microbial larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) and Bacillus sphaericus (Bs) (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) are well known for their efficacy and safety in mosquito control. In order to assess their potential value in future mosquito control strategies in western Kenya, the current study tested the susceptibility of five populations of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), collected from five diverse ecological sites in this area, to Bti and Bs under laboratory conditions. In each population, bioassays were conducted with eight concentrations of larvicide (Bti/Bs) in four replicates and were repeated on three separate days. Larval mortality was recorded at 24 h or 48 h after the application of larvicide and subjected to probit analysis. A total of 2400 An. gambiae complex larvae from each population were tested for their susceptibility to Bti and Bs. The mean (± standard error of the mean, SEM) lethal concentration values of Bti required to achieve 50% and 95% larval mortality (LC50 and LC95 ) across the five populations were 0.062 (± 0.005) mg/L and 0.797 (± 0.087) mg/L, respectively. Corresponding mean (± SEM) values for Bs were 0.058 (± 0.005) mg/L and 0.451 (± 0.053) mg/L, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the five populations of An. gambiae complex mosquitoes tested were fully susceptible to Bti and Bs, and there was no significant variation in susceptibility among the tested populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Derua
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Research Programmes, National Institute for Medical Research, Amani Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - S C Kahindi
- Department of Zoology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - F W Mosha
- Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Tumaini University Makumira, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - E J Kweka
- Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Arusha, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - H E Atieli
- Department of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - G Zhou
- Programme in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - M-C Lee
- Programme in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - A K Githeko
- Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - G Yan
- Programme in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
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Lucas RM, Yazar S, Young AR, Norval M, de Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, Rhodes LE, Sinclair CA, Neale RE. Human health in relation to exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation under changing stratospheric ozone and climate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:641-680. [PMID: 30810559 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90060d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Montreal Protocol has limited increases in the UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation reaching the Earth's surface as a result of depletion of stratospheric ozone. Nevertheless, the incidence of skin cancers continues to increase in most light-skinned populations, probably due mainly to risky sun exposure behaviour. In locations with strong sun protection programs of long duration, incidence is now reducing in younger age groups. Changes in the epidemiology of UV-induced eye diseases are less clear, due to a lack of data. Exposure to UV radiation plays a role in the development of cataracts, pterygium and possibly age-related macular degeneration; these are major causes of visual impairment world-wide. Photodermatoses and phototoxic reactions to drugs are not uncommon; management of the latter includes recognition of the risks by the prescribing physician. Exposure to UV radiation has benefits for health through the production of vitamin D in the skin and modulation of immune function. The latter has benefits for skin diseases such as psoriasis and possibly for systemic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. The health risks of sun exposure can be mitigated through appropriate sun protection, such as clothing with both good UV-blocking characteristics and adequate skin coverage, sunglasses, shade, and sunscreen. New sunscreen preparations provide protection against a broader spectrum of solar radiation, but it is not clear that this has benefits for health. Gaps in knowledge make it difficult to derive evidence-based sun protection advice that balances the risks and benefits of sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. and Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - S Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - M Norval
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - F R de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Y Takizawa
- Akita University School of Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Nakadai, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - L E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - R E Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia and School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Australia
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Pestana JLT, Novais SC, Norouzitallab P, Vandegehuchte MB, Bossier P, De Schamphelaere KAC. Non-lethal heat shock increases tolerance to metal exposure in brine shrimp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:663-670. [PMID: 27619211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollution and temperature increase are two of the most important stressors that aquatic organisms are facing. Exposure to elevated temperatures and metal contamination both induce heat shock proteins (HSPs), which may thus be involved in the induced cross-tolerance in various organisms. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that exposure to a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) causes an increased tolerance to subsequent metal exposure. Using gnotobiotic cultures of the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana, the tolerance to Cd and Zn acute exposures was tested after a prior NLHS treatment (30min exposure to 37°C). The effects of NLHS and metal exposure were also assessed by measuring 70kDa-HSPs production, along with the analysis of epigenetic markers such as DNA methylation and histone H3 and histone H4 acetylation. Our results showed that heat-shocked Artemia had increased acute tolerance to Cd and Zn. However, different patterns of HSPs were observed between the two metal compounds and no epigenetic alterations were observed in response to heat shock or metal exposure. These results suggest that HSP production is a phenotypically plastic trait with a potential role in temperature-induced tolerance to metal exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- João L T Pestana
- Department of Biology & CESAM - University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal
| | - Parisa Norouzitallab
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium; Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Michiel B Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Rozier 44, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, J. Plateaustraat 22, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: progress report, 2015. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:141-74. [PMID: 26822392 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp90004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) is one of three Panels that regularly informs the Parties (countries) to the Montreal Protocol on the effects of ozone depletion and the consequences of climate change interactions with respect to human health, animals, plants, biogeochemistry, air quality, and materials. The Panels provide a detailed assessment report every four years. The most recent 2014 Quadrennial Assessment by the EEAP was published as a special issue of seven papers in 2015 (Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2015, 14, 1-184). The next Quadrennial Assessment will be published in 2018/2019. In the interim, the EEAP generally produces an annual update or progress report of the relevant scientific findings. The present progress report for 2015 assesses some of the highlights and new insights with regard to the interactive nature of the effects of UV radiation, atmospheric processes, and climate change.
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Stalinski R, Laporte F, Després L, Tetreau G. Alkaline phosphatases are involved in the response ofAedes aegyptilarvae to intoxication withBacillus thuringiensissubsp.israelensis Cry toxins. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:1022-36. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Stalinski
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Université Grenoble Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Frédéric Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Université Grenoble Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Laurence Després
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Université Grenoble Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; F-38000 Grenoble France
| | - Guillaume Tetreau
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Université Grenoble Alpes; F-38000 Grenoble France
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine LECA UMR5553; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; F-38000 Grenoble France
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