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Ullah S, Liu Q, Wang S, Jan AU, Sharif HMA, Ditta A, Wang G, Cheng H. Sources, impacts, factors affecting Cr uptake in plants, and mechanisms behind phytoremediation of Cr-contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165726. [PMID: 37495153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is released into the environment through anthropogenic activities and has gained significant attention in the recent decade as environmental pollution. Its contamination has adverse effects on human health and the environment e.g. decreases soil fertility, alters microbial activity, and reduces plant growth. It can occur in different oxidation states, with Cr(VI) being the most toxic form. Cr contamination is a significant environmental and health issue, and phytoremediation offers a promising technology for remediating Cr-contaminated soils. Globally, over 400 hyperaccumulator plant species from 45 families have been identified which have the potential to remediate Cr-contaminated soils through phytoremediation. Phytoremediation can be achieved through various mechanisms, such as phytoextraction, phytovolatilization, phytodegradation, phytostabilization, phytostimulation, and rhizofiltration. Understanding the sources and impacts of Cr contamination, as well as the factors affecting Cr uptake in plants and remediation techniques such as phytoremediation and mechanisms behind it, is crucial for the development of effective phytoremediation strategies. Overall, phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution to the problem of Cr pollution. Further research is needed to identify plant species that are more efficient at accumulating Cr and to optimize phytoremediation methods for specific environmental conditions. With continued research and development, phytoremediation has the potential to become a widely adopted technique for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeeq Ullah
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz M Adeel Sharif
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Eco-Environment Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Das PK, Das BP, Das BK, Dash P. Rhizospheric soil chromium toxicity and its remediation using plant hyperaccumulators. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2023; 26:193-207. [PMID: 37417937 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2231572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The hyper-accumulation of chromium in its hexavalent form is treated as a hazardous soil pollutant at industrial and mining sites. Excessive accumulation of Cr6+ in soil threatens the environmental health and safety of living organisms. Out of two stable forms of chromium, Cr6+ is highly responsible for ecotoxicity. The expression of the high toxicity of Cr6+ at low concentrations in the soil environment indicates its lethality. It is usually released into the soil during various socio-economic activities. Sustainable remediation of Cr6+ contaminated soil is of utmost need and can be carried out by employing suitable plant hyperaccumulators. Alongside the plant's ability to sequester toxic metals like Cr6+, the rhizospheric soil parameters play a significant role in this technique and are mostly overlooked. Here we review the application of a cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation technology at hyperaccumulators rhizosphere to minimize the Cr6+ led soil toxicity. The use of selected plant species along with effective rhizospheric activities has been suggested as a technique to reduce Cr6+ toxicity on soil and its associated biota. This soil rectification approach may prove to be sustainable and advantageous over other possible techniques. Further, it may open up new solutions for soil Cr6+ management at polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bidyut Prava Das
- Department of Botany, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Das
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Patitapaban Dash
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Singh S, Dubey NK, Tripathi DK, Gupta R, Singh VP. Nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide mediated regulation of chromium (VI) toxicity in wheat seedlings involves alterations in antioxidants and high affinity sulfate transporter. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111697. [PMID: 37023859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chromium contamination of the soil is a major scientific concern with reference to crop productivity and human health. In recent years, several approaches are being employed in managing metal toxicity in crop plants. Here, we have investigated about potential and probable crosstalk of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in mitigating hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] toxicity in wheat seedlings. Cr(VI) toxicity reduced the fresh mass and overall growth due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased efficiency of AsA-GSH cycle and downregulation of high affinity sulfate transporter. However, exogenous treatment of NO and H2O2 significantly alleviated Cr toxicity. Application of NO and ROS scavengers reversed stress mitigating effects of NO and H2O2, respectively suggesting that endogenous NO and H2O2 are necessary for rendering Cr toxicity tolerance. Furthermore, NO rescued negative effect of diphenylene iodonium (DPI, NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and H2O2 reversed the negative effect of c-PTIO suggesting that they exhibit independent signalling in mitigating Cr stress. Altogether, data indicated that NO and H2O2 rendered mitigation of Cr stress by up-regulating enzymes (activity and relative gene expression) and metabolites of AsA-GSH cycle, high affinity sulfate transporter (relative gene expression) and glutathione biosynthesis which collectively controlled occurrence of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Singh
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Studies in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India.
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Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in Scenedesmus acutus M. (Sphaeropleales). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020223. [PMID: 35050111 PMCID: PMC8780407 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is essential for the synthesis of important defense compounds and in the scavenging potential of oxidative stress, conferring increased capacity to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Chromate can induce a sort of S-starvation by competing for uptake with SO42− and causing a depletion of cellular reduced compounds, thus emphasizing the role of S-transporters in heavy-metal tolerance. In this work we analyzed the sulfate transporter system in the freshwater green algae Scenedesmus acutus, that proved to possess both H+/SO42− (SULTRs) and Na+/SO42− (SLTs) plasma membrane sulfate transporters and a chloroplast-envelope localized ABC-type holocomplex. We discuss the sulfate uptake system of S. acutus in comparison with other taxa, enlightening differences among the clade Sphaeropleales and Volvocales/Chlamydomonadales. To define the role of S transporters in chromium tolerance, we analyzed the expression of SULTRs and SULPs components of the chloroplast ABC transporter in two strains of S. acutus with different Cr(VI) sensitivity. Their differential expression in response to Cr(VI) exposure and S availability seems directly linked to Cr(VI) tolerance, confirming the role of sulfate uptake/assimilation pathways in the metal stress response. The SULTRs up-regulation, observed in both strains after S-starvation, may directly contribute to enhancing Cr-tolerance by limiting Cr(VI) uptake and increasing sulfur availability for the synthesis of sulfur-containing defense molecules.
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Abstract
Extensive industrial activities resulted in an increase in chromium (Cr) contamination in the environment. The toxicity of Cr severely affects plant growth and development. Cr is also recognized as a human carcinogen that enters the human body via inhalation or by consuming Cr-contaminated food products. Taking consideration of Cr enrichment in the environment and its toxic effects, US Environmental Protection Agency and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry listed Cr as a priority pollutant. In nature, Cr exists in various valence states, including Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(VI) is the most toxic and persistent form in soil. Plants uptake Cr through various transporters such as phosphate and sulfate transporters. Cr exerts its effect by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hampering various metabolic and physiological pathways. Studies on genetic and transcriptional regulation of plants have shown the various detoxification genes get up-regulated and confer tolerance in plants under Cr stress. In recent years, the ability of the plant to withstand Cr toxicity by accumulating Cr inside the plant has been recognized as one of the promising bioremediation methods for the Cr contaminated region. This review summarized the Cr occurrence and toxicity in plants, role of detoxification genes in Cr stress response, and various plants utilized for phytoremediation in Cr-contaminated regions.
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Gauthier M, Senhorinho G, Scott J. Microalgae under environmental stress as a source of antioxidants. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Toranzo R, Ferraro G, Beligni MV, Perez GL, Castiglioni D, Pasquevich D, Bagnato C. Natural and acquired mechanisms of tolerance to chromium in a Scenedesmus dimorphus strain. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ferrari M, Torelli A, Marieschi M, Cozza R. Role of DNA methylation in the chromium tolerance of Scenedesmus acutus (Chlorophyceae) and its impact on the sulfate pathway regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110680. [PMID: 33218643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a very important epigenetic modification that participates in many biological functions. Although many researches on DNA methylation have been reported in various plant species, few studies have assessed the global DNA methylation pattern in algae. Even more the complex mechanisms by which DNA methylation modulates stress in algae are yet largely unresolved, mainly with respect to heavy metal stress, for which in plants, metal- and species- specific responses were instead evidenced. In this work, we performed a comparative Whole-Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) on two strains of the green alga Scenedesmus acutus with different Cr(VI) sensitivity. The pattern of distribution of 5-mC showed significant differences between the two strains concerning both differentially methylated local contexts (CG, CHG and CHH) and Differentially Methylated Regions (DMRs) as well. We also demonstrated that DNA methylation plays an important role in modulating some genes for sulfate uptake/assimilation confirming the involvement of the sulfate pathway in the Cr-tolerance. Our results suggest that DNA methylation may be of particular importance in defining signal specificity associated with Cr-tolerance and in establishing new epigenetic marks which contribute to the adaptation to metal stress and also to transmit the epigenomic traits to the progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci - 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Anna Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A - 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marieschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A - 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Radiana Cozza
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci - 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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Morowvat MH, Ghasemi Y. Effects of Sulfur Starvation on Growth Rates, Biomass and Lipid Contents in the Green Microalga Scenedesmus obliquus. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2020; 14:145-153. [PMID: 31916524 DOI: 10.2174/1872208314666200109103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scenedesmus obliquus, a green unicellular chlorophycean microalga, is well-established as a lipid and biomass production platform. The nutrient starvation strategy is considered as a robust platform for lipid production from different microalgal strains. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to analyse the influences of sulfur starvation on the growth rates, and also biomass and lipid production and composition in a naturally isolated strain of S. obliquus. METHODS The BG-11 culture medium was utilized for preservation and microalgal growth. To monitor the cell growth rates, two different methods, including direct cell counting and also dry cell weight measurement were used. The study was conducted in 28 days composed of two distinct growth modes as 10 days of sulfur-rich and 18 days of sulfur starved media. RESULTS The studied S. obliquus strain displayed higher lipid and carbohydrate production levels (34.68% and 34.02%) in sulfur starved medium compared with the sulfur-rich medium (25.84% and 29.08%). Nevertheless, a noticeable reduction (51.36%) in biomass contents and also in cell growth rates (63.36%) was observed during sulfur starvation. The investigated strain was composed of some important fatty acids with potential applications as food, feed and biodiesel. CONCLUSION The observed results implied the possibility of the sulfur starvation strategy to increase lipid production in S. obliquus strain. Besides, the available data from recently published patents reveals the promising potential of the identified lipids from S. obliquus in this study for bioenergy production and other biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
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Sardella A, Marieschi M, Mercatali I, Zanni C, Gorbi G, Torelli A. The relationship between sulfur metabolism and tolerance of hexavalent chromium in Scenedesmus acutus (Spheropleales): Role of ATP sulfurylase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105320. [PMID: 31590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur availability and the end products of its metabolism, cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins, play an important role in heavy metal tolerance, chromium included. Sulfate and chromate not only compete for the transporters but also for assimilation enzymes and chromium tolerance in various organisms has been associated to differences in this pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-tolerance increase induced by S-starvation focusing on the role of ATP sulfurylase (ATS) in two strains of Scenedesmus acutus with different chromium sensitivity. S-starvation enhances the defence potential by increasing sulfate uptake/assimilation and decreasing chromium uptake, thus suggesting a change in the transport system. We isolated two isoforms of the enzyme, SaATS1 and SaATS2, with different sensitivity to sulfur availability, and analysed them in S-sufficient and S-replete condition both in standard and in chromium supplemented medium. SaATS2 expression is different in the two strains and presumably marks a different sulfur perception/exploitation in the Cr-tolerant. Its induction and silencing are compatible with a role in the transient tolerance increase induced by S-starvation. This enzyme can however hardly be responsible for the large cysteine production of the Cr-tolerant strain after starvation, suggesting that cytosolic rather than chloroplastic cysteine production is differently regulated in the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Sardella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marieschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Isabel Mercatali
- ISPRA - Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano 100-00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Corrado Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gessica Gorbi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
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Ramos AC, Regan S, McGinn PJ, Champagne P. Feasibility of a microalgal wastewater treatment for the removal of nutrients under non‐sterile conditions and carbon limitation. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Ramos
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Sharon Regan
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonONCanada
| | - Patrick J. McGinn
- Aquatic and Crop Resources Development PortfolioNational Research Council of CanadaHalifaxNSCanada
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Sinha V, Pakshirajan K, Chaturvedi R. Chromium tolerance, bioaccumulation and localization in plants: An overview. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:715-730. [PMID: 29156430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current industrial scenario, chromium (Cr) as a metal is of great importance, but poses a major threat to the environment. Phytoremediation provides an environmentally sustainable, ecofriendly, cost effective approach for environmental cleanup of Cr. This review presents the current status of phytoremediation research with particular emphasis on cleanup of Cr contaminated soil and water systems. It gives a detailed account of the work done by different authors on the Cr bioavailability, uptake pathway, toxicity and storage in plants following the phytoextraction mechanism. This paper also describes recent findings related to Cr localization in hyperaccumulator plants. It gives an insight into the processes and mechanisms that allow plants to remove Cr from contaminated sites under varying conditions. These detailed knowledge of changes in plant metabolic pool in response to Cr stress would immensely help understand and improve the phytoextraction process. Further, this review provides a detailed understanding of Cr uptake and detoxification mechanism by plants that can be applied in developing a suitable approach for a better applicability of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Sinha
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Kannan Pakshirajan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
| | - Rakhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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Shahid M, Shamshad S, Rafiq M, Khalid S, Bibi I, Niazi NK, Dumat C, Rashid MI. Chromium speciation, bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:513-533. [PMID: 28347915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry of Cr in the soil-plant system. This review traces a plausible link among Cr speciation, bioavailability, phytouptake, phytotoxicity and detoxification based on available data, especially published from 2010 to 2016. Chromium occurs in different chemical forms (primarily as chromite (Cr(III)) and chromate (Cr(VI)) in soil which vary markedly in term of their biogeochemical behavior. Chromium behavior in soil, its soil-plant transfer and accumulation in different plant parts vary with its chemical form, plant type and soil physico-chemical properties. Soil microbial community plays a key role in governing Cr speciation and behavior in soil. Chromium does not have any specific transporter for its uptake by plants and it primarily enters the plants through specific and non-specific channels of essential ions. Chromium accumulates predominantly in plant root tissues with very limited translocation to shoots. Inside plants, Cr provokes numerous deleterious effects to several physiological, morphological, and biochemical processes. Chromium induces phytotoxicity by interfering plant growth, nutrient uptake and photosynthesis, inducing enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, causing lipid peroxidation and altering the antioxidant activities. Plants tolerate Cr toxicity via various defense mechanisms such as complexation by organic ligands, compartmentation into the vacuole, and scavenging ROS via antioxidative enzymes. Consumption of Cr-contaminated-food can cause human health risks by inducing severe clinical conditions. Therefore, there is a dire need to monitor biogeochemical behavior of Cr in soil-plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Saliha Shamshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Marina Rafiq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; MARUM and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, Lismore 2480, NSW, Australia
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, 5 allée Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan; Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Singh M, Kushwaha BK, Singh S, Kumar V, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Sulphur alters chromium (VI) toxicity in Solanum melongena seedlings: Role of sulphur assimilation and sulphur-containing antioxidants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 112:183-192. [PMID: 28088020 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates modulation in hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI) 25 μM] toxicity by sulphur (S; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM S as low (LS), medium (MS) and high sulphur (HS), respectively) in Solanum melongena (eggplant) seedlings. Biomass accumulation (fresh and dry weights), photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and S content were declined by Cr(VI) toxicity. Furthermore, fluorescence characteristics (JIP-test) were also affected by Cr(VI), but Cr(VI) toxicity on photosystem II photochemistry was ameliorated by HS treatment via reducing damaging effect on PS II reaction centre and its reduction side. Enhanced respiration, Cr content and oxidative biomarkers: superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation and membrane damage were observed under Cr(VI) stress. Though Cr(VI) enhanced adenosine triphasphate sulfurylase (ATPS) and o-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and content of total glutathione, cysteine and NP-SH, however, their levels/activity were further enhanced by S being maximum with HS treatment. The results show that Cr(VI) toxicity does increase under LS treatment while HS protected Cr(VI)-induced damaging effects in brinjal seedlings. Under HS treatment, in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity, S assimilation and its associated metabolites such as cysteine, glutathione and NP-SH play crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Bishwajit Kumar Kushwaha
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335 Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
| | - Vipin Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post Graduate College, Baikunthpur, 497335 Koriya, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
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Zhang W, Guo R, Yang Y, Ding J, Zhang Y. Long-term effect of heavy-metal pollution on diversity of gastrointestinal microbial community of Bufo raddei. Toxicol Lett 2016; 258:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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