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Reis LLD, de Abreu CB, Gebara RC, Rocha GS, Longo E, Mansano ADS, Melão MDGG. Effects of Cadmium and Nickel Mixtures on Multiple Endpoints of the Microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38864594 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial to investigate the effects of mixtures of contaminants on aquatic organisms, because they reflect what occurs in the environment. Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are metals that co-occur in aquatic ecosystems, and information is scarce on their joint toxicity to Chlorophyceae using multiple endpoints. We evaluated the effects of isolated and combined Cd and Ni metals on multiple endpoints of the chlorophycean Raphidocelis subcapitata. The results showed that Cd inhibited cell density, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (up to 308% at 0.075 mg L-1 of Cd), chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence (0.050-0.100 mg L-1 of Cd), cell size (0.025-0.100 mg L-1 of Cd), and cell complexity in all concentrations evaluated. Nickel exposure decreased ROS production by up to 25% at 0.25 mg L-1 of Ni and Chl a fluorescence in all concentrations assessed. Cell density and oxygen-evolving complex (initial fluorescence/variable fluorescence [F0/Fv]) were only affected at 0.5 mg L-1 of Ni. In terms of algal growth, mixture toxicity showed antagonism at low doses and synergism at high doses, with a dose level change greater than the median inhibitory concentration. The independent action model and dose-level-dependent deviation best fit our data. Cadmium and Ni mixtures resulted in a significant increase in cell size and cell complexity, as well as changes in ROS production and Chl a fluorescence, and they did not affect the photosynthetic parameters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-15. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Luiza Dos Reis
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Machado MD, Soares EV. Features of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata: physiology and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:219. [PMID: 38372796 PMCID: PMC10876740 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata was isolated from the Nitelva River (Norway) and subsequently deposited in the collection of the Norwegian Institute of Water Research as "Selenastrum capricornutum Printz". This freshwater microalga, also known as Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, acquired much of its notoriety due to its high sensitivity to different chemical species, which makes it recommended by different international organizations for the assessment of ecotoxicity. However, outside this scope, R. subcapitata continues to be little explored. This review aims to shed light on a microalga that, despite its popularity, continues to be an "illustrious" unknown in many ways. Therefore, R. subcapitata taxonomy, phylogeny, shape, size/biovolume, cell ultra-structure, and reproduction are reviewed. The nutritional and cultural conditions, chronological aging, and maintenance and preservation of the alga are summarized and critically discussed. Applications of R. subcapitata, such as its use in aquatic toxicology (ecotoxicity assessment and elucidation of adverse toxic outcome pathways) are presented. Furthermore, the latest advances in the use of this alga in biotechnology, namely in the bioremediation of effluents and the production of value-added biomolecules and biofuels, are highlighted. To end, a perspective regarding the future exploitation of R. subcapitata potentialities, in a modern concept of biorefinery, is outlined. KEY POINTS: • An overview of alga phylogeny and physiology is critically reviewed. • Advances in alga nutrition, cultural conditions, and chronological aging are presented. • Its use in aquatic toxicology and biotechnology is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D Machado
- Bioengineering Laboratory - CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eduardo V Soares
- Bioengineering Laboratory - CIETI, ISEP-School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015, Porto, Portugal.
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Li X, Wu Q, Chen D, Bai Y, Yang Y, Xu S. Environment-relevant concentrations of cadmium induces necroptosis and inflammation; baicalein maintains gill homeostasis through suppressing ROS/ER stress signaling in common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122805. [PMID: 37913980 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major contaminant in natural environments and exerts adverse effects on aquatic biota at low concentrations. Gill is as vital respiratory organ and may cause pollutants to enter fish during gas exchange. Baicalein (BAI), as a kind of flavonoids, possess antioxidant properties through inactivating free radicals. To confirm the potential effects and approaches of BAI addition in maintaining the gill stability, 90 common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) were selected and randomly divided into water environment exposure group (0.22 mg/L Cd) and/or feed added with 0.10 g/kg BAI for 30 days. The analysis of ion content in serum showed that Cd exposure disturbed ion homeostasis, and BAI could reduce serum Cd concentration. The histopathological results of gills showed that Cd exposure caused gill tissue lesions and structural damage, and BAI feeding effectively alleviated this damage. In addition, BAI could enhance antioxidant activity and activate Nrf2/HO-1 axis, thereby reducing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Moreover, BAI lightened cytokine imbalance, inflammatory response, and necroptosis. Overall, the results indicated that BAI feeding could maintain gill homeostasis against Cd poisoning via the ROS/ER stress signaling. This trial revealed the properties of BAI resistance to metal Cd in aquaculture and partially elucidated its mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yichen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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Dos Reis LL, de Abreu CB, Gebara RC, Rocha GS, Longo E, Mansano ADS, Melão MDGG. Isolated and combined effects of cobalt and nickel on the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:104-118. [PMID: 38236330 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are exposed to several compounds that occur in mixtures in the environment. Thus, it is important to investigate their impacts on organisms because these combined effects can be potentiated. Cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni) are metals that occur in the environment and are used in human activities. To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies that investigated the combined effects of these metals on a freshwater Chlorophyceae. Therefore, this study analyzed the isolated and combined effects of Co and Ni in cell density, physiological and morphological parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbohydrates and photosynthetic parameters of the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. Data showed that Co affected the cell density from 0.25 mg Co L-1; the fluorescence of chlorophyll a (Chl a) (0.10 mg Co L-1); ROS production (0.50 mg Co L-1), total carbohydrates and efficiency of the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) at all tested concentrations; and the maximum quantum yield (ΦM) from 0.50 mg Co L-1. Ni exposure decreased ROS and cell density (0.35 mg Ni L-1); altered Chl a fluorescence and carbohydrates at all tested concentrations; and did not alter photosynthetic parameters. Regarding the Co-Ni mixtures, our data best fitted the concentration addition (CA) model and dose-ratio dependent (DR) deviation in which synergism was observed at low doses of Co and high doses of Ni and antagonism occurred at high doses of Co and low doses of Ni. The combined metals affected ROS production, carbohydrates, ΦM, OEC and morphological and physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Luiza Dos Reis
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cínthia Bruno de Abreu
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adrislaine da Silva Mansano
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria da Graça Gama Melão
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Department of Hydrobiology, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, Zip Code 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Arreguin-Rebolledo U, Castelhano Gebara R, Valencia-Castañeda G, Rico-Martínez R, Frías-Espericueta MG, Longo E, Páez-Osuna F. Toxicity of binary-metal mixtures (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn) in the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis: Antagonistic and synergistic effects. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115819. [PMID: 37995590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding the effects of binary metal mixtures in marine zooplankton are scarce, particularly for rotifers. We examined the toxicity of 21 binary equitoxic mixtures of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb, and Zn on the euryhaline rotifer Proales similis. The toxic units (TU50) revealed that 20 of these binary mixtures exhibited synergistic effects (TU50 < 1.00). The AsHg mixture showed a strong antagonistic effect (TU50 = 2.39), whereas the HgCu interaction exhibited a significant synergistic effect (TU50 = 0.29) on P. similis. TU50 values were <0.60 in all cases that showed synergism (80 %). Regarding the MIXTOX analysis, 13 binary mixtures presented some level of synergism, while two mixtures presented only additivity. Results emphasize the need for environmental agencies to revise and readjust protection guidelines for marine biota in response to the evident synergistic effects occurring at metal mixtures concentrations below the current permissible limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Arreguin-Rebolledo
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico; Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Renan Castelhano Gebara
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gladys Valencia-Castañeda
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Avenida Universidad 940, C.P. 20100 Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | | | - Elson Longo
- Center for the Development of Functional Materials (CDMF), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Ou R, Huang H, He X, Lin S, Ou D, Li W, Qiu J, Wang L. Ecotoxicology of Polymetallic Nodule Seabed Mining: The Effects of Cobalt and Nickel on Phytoplankton Growth and Pigment Concentration. TOXICS 2023; 11:1005. [PMID: 38133406 PMCID: PMC10747551 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the understanding of the environmental impacts of polymetallic nodule mining, ecotoxicological studies were conducted on the growth of model phytoplankton species Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense using cobalt and nickel. This study evaluated various physiological and ecological indicators, such as cell proliferation, chlorophyll a, pigments, total protein, and antioxidant enzyme markers. The results show that the introduction of low amounts of cobalt or nickel increased the growth rate of phytoplankton. The phytoplankton benefited from low concentrations of cobalt and nickel stress. The increased protein levels and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes considerably impacted physiological responses during the promotion of cell abundance. High concentrations of cobalt or nickel resulted in decreased light-absorbing pigments, increased photoprotective pigments, an inactive chlorophyll content, decreased total proteins, and maximal antioxidant enzyme activity in phytoplankton. Throughout the experiment, both the phytoplankton protein and enzyme activity declined with prolonged stress, and the cells underwent age-induced damage. Thus, seabed mining's repercussions on phytoplankton could result in both short-term growth promotion and long-term damage. These consequences depend on the impurity concentrations infiltrating the water, their duration, and the organism's physiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimei Ou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xuebao He
- Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Shuangshuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Environmental Science, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Danyun Ou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Weiwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jinli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (R.O.); (H.H.); (S.L.); (D.O.); (W.L.); (J.Q.)
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