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Yang H, Gu X, Chen H, Zeng Q, Mao Z, Ge Y, Yao Y. Harmful planktonic Microcystis and benthic Oscillatoria-induced toxicological effects on the Asian clam (Corbicula fluminea): A survey on histopathology, behavior, oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109961. [PMID: 38889875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are worldwide distributed and threaten aquatic ecosystems and public health. The current studies mainly focus on the adverse impacts of planktonic cyanobacteria or pure cyanotoxins, while the benthic cyanobacteria-induced ecotoxic effects are relatively lacking. The cyanobacterial cell-induced toxic effects on aquatic organisms might be more serious and complex than the pure cyanotoxins and crude extracts of cyanobacteria. This study explored the chronic effects of toxin-producing planktonic Microcystis aeruginosa (producing microcystin) and benthic Oscillatoria sp. (producing cylindrospermopsin) on the behaviors, tissue structures, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation of the Asian clams (Corbicula fluminea) under 28-d exposure. The data showed that both M. aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp. can decrease the behaviors associated with the feeding activity and induce tissue damage (i.e. gill and digestive gland) in clams. Furthermore, two kinds of cyanobacteria can alter the antioxidant enzyme activities and increase antioxidant, lipid oxidation product, and neurotransmitter degrading enzyme levels in clams. Moreover, two kinds of cyanobacteria can activate apoptosis-related enzyme activities and enhance the proinflammatory cytokine levels of clams. In addition, two kinds of cyanobacteria can disturb the transcript levels of genes linked with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. These results suggested harmful cyanobacteria can threaten the survival and health of clams, while the benthic cyanobacteria-induced adverse effects deserve more attention. Our finding also indicated that it is necessary to focus on the entire algal cell-induced ecotoxicity when concerning the ecological impacts of cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
| | - Huihui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhigang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - You Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujia Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Tornabene BJ, Smalling KL, Hossack BR. Effects of Harmful Algal Blooms on Amphibians and Reptiles are Under-Reported and Under-Represented. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38967263 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a persistent and increasing problem globally, yet we still have limited knowledge about how they affect wildlife. Although semi-aquatic and aquatic amphibians and reptiles have experienced large declines and occupy environments where HABs are increasingly problematic, their vulnerability to HABs remains unclear. To inform monitoring, management, and future research, we conducted a literature review, synthesized the studies, and report on the mortality events describing effects of cyanotoxins from HABs on freshwater herpetofauna. Our review identified 37 unique studies and 71 endpoints (no-observed-effect and lowest-observed-effect concentrations) involving 11 amphibian and 3 reptile species worldwide. Responses varied widely among studies, species, and exposure concentrations used in experiments. Concentrations causing lethal and sublethal effects in laboratory experiments were generally 1 to 100 µg/L, which contains the mean value of reported HAB events but is 70 times less than the maximum cyanotoxin concentrations reported in the environment. However, one species of amphibian was tolerant to concentrations of 10,000 µg/L, demonstrating potentially immense differences in sensitivities. Most studies focused on microcystin-LR (MC-LR), which can increase systemic inflammation and harm the digestive system, reproductive organs, liver, kidneys, and development. The few studies on other cyanotoxins illustrated that effects resembled those of MC-LR at similar concentrations, but more research is needed to describe effects of other cyanotoxins and mixtures of cyanotoxins that commonly occur in the environment. All experimental studies were on larval and adult amphibians; there were no such studies on reptiles. Experimental work with reptiles and adult amphibians is needed to clarify thresholds of tolerance. Only nine mortality events were reported, mostly for reptiles. Given that amphibians likely decay faster than reptiles, which have tissues that resist decomposition, mass amphibian mortality events from HABs have likely been under-reported. We propose that future efforts should be focused on seven major areas, to enhance our understanding of effects and monitoring of HABs on herpetofauna that fill important roles in freshwater and terrestrial environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Tornabene
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, US Geological Survey, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- New Jersey Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
| | - Blake R Hossack
- Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, US Geological Survey, Missoula, Montana
- Wildlife Biology Program, W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
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Shu Y, Wang H, Jiang H, Zhou S, Zhang L, Ding Z, Hong P, He J, Wu H. Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-mediated modulation of skin damage caused by microcystin-LR in tadpoles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123440. [PMID: 38290654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)-derived polysaccharides on microcystin leucine-arginine (MC-LR)-induced skin damage in Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles. Tadpoles were exposed to 1 μg/L daily MC-LR, with or without 5.0 g/kg of dietary P. ostreatus polysaccharides, for 30 days. P. ostreatus polysaccharide supplementation significantly increased the dermal collagen fibrils, increased tight junction protein gene expression, decreased the amount of MC-LR accumulation in skin tissues, attenuated oxidative stress, downregulated apoptosis-associated gene transcription, decreased eosinophil numbers, and downregulated transcription of inflammation-related genes (e.g. TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α). The composition of the skin commensal microbiota of MC-LR-exposed tadpoles supplemented with P. ostreatus polysaccharides was similar to that of the no-treatment control group. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content was positively correlated with the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, including Chryseobacterium and Thauera. Therefore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may alleviate MC-LR-induced skin barrier damage in tadpoles in two ways: 1) attenuation of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis mediated by increased glutathione (GSH) content and total superoxide dismutase activity; and 2) alteration of the skin commensal microbiota composition to attenuate the LPS/Toll-like receptor 4 inflammatory pathway response. Furthermore, P. ostreatus polysaccharides may increase skin GSH synthesis by promoting glycine production via the gut microbiota and may restore the MC-LR-damaged skin resistance to pathogenic bacteria by increasing antimicrobial peptide transcripts and lysozyme activity. This study highlights for the first time the potential application of P. ostreatus polysaccharides, an ecologically active substance, in mitigating the skin damage induced by MC-LR exposure, and may provide new insights for its further development in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Shiwen Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Zifang Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jun He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China; Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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Zhang H, Wu J, Fang N, Zhang S, Su X, Jiang H, Hong P, Wu H, Shu Y. Waterborne exposure to microcystin-leucine arginine induces endocrine disruption and gonadal dysplasia of Pelophylax nigromaculatus tadpoles via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167644. [PMID: 37806583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The impact of microcystins on the gonad development and reproduction endocrine in the tadpole stage on amphibians remains unclear. In this study, the tadpoles (Pelophylax nigromaculatus) were exposed to 0, 1, and 10 μg/L of microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR) for 60 days to explore the impacts of environmental realistic concentration MC-LR on gonad development and reproduction endocrine, respectively. After MC-LR exposure, the germ cell structure has changed, especially in oocytes. The 10 μg/L MC-LR exposure group showed a significantly diminished gonad somatic index (GSI) in females. However, the sex ratio of tadpoles did not differ significantly. Moreover, gene transcription (figla and nobox) related to ovarian development and genes (sox9 and dmrt1) associated with testicular development were down-regulated after MC-LR exposure. After MC-LR exposure, the gene transcripts encoding gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh1 and gnrh2) were down-regulated in the hypothalamus, while gonadotropins (FSH and LH) levels increased in serum. The transcripts of testosterone synthesis-related genes (star, cyp11a1, 3β-hsd, cyp17a1, and 17β-hsd) were up-regulated in the gonads, and the testosterone (T) concentration increased in serum. However, key gene transcript (cyp19a1) involved in estradiol synthesis was down-regulated and the estradiol (E2) concentration decreased in serum, resulting in the absence of a compensatory mechanism for positive feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis to maintain E2 levels. The vitellogenin gene (vtg1) transcription level was significantly down-regulated. The E2/T content ratio decreased in MC-LR concentration-dependent manner. Consequently, MC-LR exposure interfered with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-liver (HPGL) axis in tadpoles, which in turn affects gonadal development, especially the ovaries. Overall, this study provides the initial evidence that MC-LR exerts significant effects on reproductive endocrinology and gonadal development in amphibian tadpoles, highlighting the susceptibility of the tadpole reproductive system to the environmental risks of MC-LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Juntao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Nanxi Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shengbin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Pei Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yilin Shu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Liao Y, Deng Y, Yu X, Zhang P, Liu R. The mediating role of AKT/ERK/JNK signaling on the malignant phenotype of microcystin-LR in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114174. [PMID: 37949205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), a widely distributed and highly toxic environmental pollutant, plays crucial roles in cancer malignancy by activating characteristically toxic signaling pathways. Traditional animal-based toxicity evaluation methods have proven insufficient for identifying the specific role of these signaling pathways. Therefore, this study aimed to uncover the regulatory relationship between the toxic pathways and the progression of gastric cancer (GC). The findings provide novel avenues for conducting in vitro toxicity tests based on the investigated pathways. We found that MC-LR promoted the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 cells while simultaneously inhibiting their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This observed cytotoxicity was primarily mediated through the AKT, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways. By using a mediation analysis model, we determined that AKT and ERK exhibited competitive effects in MC-LR-treated GC malignancy, while AKT and JNK acted independently from one another. This study establishes an in vitro toxicity test model of MC-LR based on toxicity-related pathways and underscores the pivotal roles of AKT, ERK, and JNK signaling in MC-LR toxicity. The findings offer a novel, fundamental framework for conducting chemical toxicity risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Huizhou, No. 10, Fumin Road, Huizhou, 516003, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Huzhou, 313000, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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