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Wen S, Hu M, Chen C, Li Z, Liu G. Neuritin Alleviates Diabetic Retinopathy by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2454-2461. [PMID: 38173210 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073275316231123060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuritin, a small-molecule neurotrophic factor, maintains neuronal cell activity, inhibits apoptosis, promotes process growth, and regulates neural progenitor cell differentiation, migration, and synaptic maturation. Neuritin helps retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survive optic nerve injury in rats and regenerate axons. However, the role of Neuritin in Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study is intended to investigate the effect and mechanism of Neuritin in DR. For this purpose, we established DR rat models and injected Neuritin into them. This study provides a potential treatment for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS The rat model of DR was established by streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and the effect of Neuritin on DR was detected by intravitreal injection. Histological analysis was performed by H&E and TUNEL methods. The mRNA and protein expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway-related transcription factors were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) function was assessed using the patch-clamp technique and Evans blue leakage assay. RESULTS Neuritin significantly improved the retinal structure, restrained the apoptosis of retinal cells, and protected the normal function of BRB in DR model rats. Mechanistically, Neuritin may function by inhibiting the expression of GRP78, ASK1, Caspase-12, VEGF, and so on. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that Neuritin alleviates retinal damage in DR rats via the inactive endoplasmic reticulum pathway. Our study provides a potential treatment for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 168, Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Meng Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 168, Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Changzheng Chen
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 168, Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Guoli Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, No. 168, Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, China
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Li X, Chen S, Zheng G, Yang Y, Yin N, Niu X, Yao L, Lv P. Atorvastatin Calcium Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits Through the AMPK/Mtor Pathway in Rats with Vascular Dementia. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:148-156. [PMID: 37282650 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230606114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, the protective effects of atorvastatin calcium (AC) on nerve cells and cognitive improvement in vivo and in vitro were investigated by establishing cell models and vascular dementia (VD) rat models. BACKGROUND VD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive deficits caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. AC has been studied for its potential to cure VD but its efficacy and underlying mechanism are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The mechanism of action of AC on cognitive deficits in the early stages of VD is unclear. Here, the 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) model in vivo and the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model in vitro was established to investigate the function of AC in VD. METHODS The spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by the Morris method. The IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cell supernatant was tested by ELISA kits. After behavioural experiments, rats were anaesthetized and sacrificed, and their brains were extracted. One part was immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for H&E, Nissl, and immunohistochemical analyses, and the other was stored in liquid nitrogen. All data were shown as mean ± SD. Statistical comparison between the two groups was performed by Student's t-test. A two-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism 7 was applied for escape latency analysis and the swimming speed test. The difference was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS AC decreased apoptosis, increased autophagy, and alleviated oxidative stress in primary hippocampal neurons. AC regulated autophagy-related proteins in vitro by western blotting. VD mice improved cognitively in the Morris water maze. Spatial probing tests showed that VD animals administered AC had considerably longer swimming times to the platform than VD rats. H&E and Nissl staining showed that AC reduces neuronal damage in VD rats. Western blot and qRT-PCR indicated that AC in VD rats inhibited Bax and promoted LC3-II, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2 in the hippocampus region. AC also improves cognition via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION This study found that AC may relieve learning and memory deficits as well as neuronal damage in VD rats by changing the expression of apoptosis/autophagy-related genes and activating the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin Li
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- Department of Preventive Health, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Guiming Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Nan Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Lixia Yao
- Department of Geriatrics, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, China
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Geetha D, Kavitha CN, Divakara TR, Basavaraju YB, Yathirajan HS, Parkin S. Crystal structure and Hirshfeld-surface analysis of a monoclinic polymorph of 2-amino-5-chloro-benzo-phenone oxime at 90 K. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:610-613. [PMID: 37601585 PMCID: PMC10439431 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023004668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of a monoclinic polymorph of 2-amino-5-chloro-benzo-phenone oxime, C13H11ClN2O, are presented. The mol-ecular conformation results from twisting of the phenyl and 2-amino-5-chloro benzene rings attached to the oxime group, which subtend a dihedral angle of 80.53 (4)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers are formed as a result of pairs of strong O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. A comparison is made to a previously known triclinic polymorph, including differences in atom-atom contacts obtained via a Hirshfeld-surface analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreswamy Geetha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, India
| | | | | | - Yeriyur B. Basavaraju
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, India
| | - Hemmige S. Yathirajan
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru-570 006, India
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA
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Nair A, Yadav P, Behl A, Sharma RK, Kulshrestha S, Butola BS, Sharma N. Toxic blister agents: Chemistry, mode of their action and effective treatment strategies. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 350:109654. [PMID: 34634268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since their use during the First World War, Blister agents have posed a major threat to the individuals and have caused around two million casualties. Major incidents occurred not only due to their use as chemical warfare agents but also because of occupational hazards. Therefore, a clear understanding of these agents and their mode of action is essential to develop effective decontamination and therapeutic strategies. The blister agents have been categorised on the basis of their chemistry and the biological interactions that entail post contamination. These compounds have been known to majorly cause blisters/bullae along with alkylation of the contaminated DNA. However, due to the high toxicity and restricted use, very little research has been conducted and a lot remains to be clearly understood about these compounds. Various decontamination solutions and detection technologies have been developed, which have proven to be effective for their timely mitigation. But a major hurdle seems to be the lack of proper understanding of the toxicological mechanism of action of these compounds. Current review is about the detailed and updated information on physical, chemical and biological aspects of various blister agents. It also illustrates the mechanism of their action, toxicological effects, detection technologies and possible decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrit Nair
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Amanpreet Behl
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, 162, Poonamallee High Road Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India
| | - Shweta Kulshrestha
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh Butola
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Navneet Sharma
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi-110016, India.
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Jiang C, Shi J, Liao L, Zhang L, Liu J, Wang Y, Lao Y, Zhang J. 5‐[2‐(N‐(Substituted phenyl)acetamide)]amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐sulfonamides as Selective Carbonic Anhydrase II Inhibitors with Neuroprotective Effects. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:705-715. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caibao Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jinguo Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liping Liao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Liantao Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yaoqiang Lao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmaceutical Science Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510006 China
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Ahmed N, Shamsabadi A, Chudasama V. Formation of Synthetically Versatile 2-Aminobenzophenones from Readily Accessed Acyl Hydrazides. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:22601-22612. [PMID: 31909344 PMCID: PMC6941372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the transformation of readily accessed acyl hydrazides into protected 2-aminobenzophenones via a two-step process involving an aryne-based molecular rearrangement followed by a one-pot addition-elimination procedure. The assembly of the scaffold is tolerant of a wide variety of functional groups, and the carbamate group on the product can be facilely removed to afford highly valuable 2-aminobenzophenones. Application of the protocol was demonstrated in the synthesis of neurological medicine phenazepam.
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Chu JH, Chiang MF, Li CW, Su ZH, Lo SC, Wu MJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Late-Stage ortho-C–H Bond Aroylation of Anilines Using 4-Methoxy-2-pyridinyl as a Removable Directing Group. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Ho Chu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fan Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Zhe-Hong Su
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95092, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chi Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Arshia, Khan AK, Khan KM, Ahmed A, Taha M, Perveen S. Antibiofilm potential of synthetic 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone Schiff bases and its confirmation through fluorescence microscopy. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:497-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The rearrangement reaction of 1-alkyl-2-(benzoylmethyl)pyridinium iodides 3a–d, 6 in the presence of various nucleophiles leads to 2-alkylaminobenzophenone derivatives 4a–c. Best results were achieved with alkylammonium sulfites as recyclization reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraa Abu-Melha
- Faculty of Science for Girls , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
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Design, synthesis, chemical and biological evaluation of brain targeted alkylating agent using reversible redox prodrug approach. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Singh RK, Prasad D, Bhardwaj T. Design, synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity study of benzodiazepine-mustard conjugates as potential brain anticancer agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Reversible redox system-based drug design, synthesis, and evaluation for targeting nitrogen mustard across brain. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Singh RK, Prasad DN, Bhardwaj TR. Design, synthesis and evaluation of aminobenzophenone derivatives containing nitrogen mustard moiety as potential central nervous system antitumor agent. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0582-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Synthesis in vitro/in vivo evaluation and in silico physicochemical study of prodrug approach for brain targeting of alkylating agent. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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