Forced degradation of mometasone furoate and development of two RP-HPLC methods for its determination with formoterol fumarate or salicylic acid

A Versatile Stability-indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Atenolol, Hydrochlorothiazide and Chlorthalidone

Background:

Atenolol is a selective beta 1 blocker that can be used alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide or with chlorthalidone for the treatment of hypertension and prevention from a heart attack.

Objective:

The main target of this work was to improve modern, easy, accurate and selective liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for the determination of these drugs in the presence of their degradation products. These methods can be used as analytical gadgets in quality control laboratories for a routine examination.

Methods:

In this method, the separation was accomplished through an Inertsil® ODS-3V C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm), the mobile phase used was 25 mM aqueous potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate solution adjusted to pH 6.8 by using 0.1M sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile (77 : 23, v/v), the flow rate used was 1 ml/min and detection was achieved at 235 nm using UV.

Results:

All peaks were sharp and well separated, the retention times were atenolol degradation (ATN Deg.) 2.311 min, atenolol (ATN) 2.580 min, hydrochlorothiazide degradation (HCT Deg.) 5.890 min, hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 7.016 min, chlorthalidone degradation CTD Deg 8.018 min and chlorthalidone (CTD) 14.972 min. Linearity was obtained and the range of concentrations was 20- 160 μg/ml for atenolol, 10-80 μg/ml for hydrochlorothiazide and 10-80 μg/ml for chlorthalidone. According to ICH guidelines, method validation was accomplished, these methods include linearity, accuracy, selectivity, precision and robustness.

Conclusion:

The optimized method demonstrated to be specific, robust and accurate for the quality control of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

CIP elicitors on the defense response of A. macrocephala and its related gene expression analysis

Plant-derived elicitor is a new type of plant vaccine developed in the contemporary era, and it has safe and broad application prospects in organic agriculture. Research on defense mechanisms triggered by elicitor has become a hot topic in recent years. The Chrysanthemum indicum polysaccharide (CIP) obtained by separation and purification from Chrysanthemum indicum was used as an elicitor in this work. This elicitor has been shown to be effective in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) against Sclerotium rolfsii sacc (S. rolfsii) infection and soil-borne diseases. However, the mechanism of induced disease resistance has not been elucidated. In this research, we study the CIP-induced A. macrocephala defense response from the level of signal molecules and the defensive enzyme gene expression. Several defense responses to CIP treatment have been found in A. macrocephala, including early hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production, accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) and increased phytoalexin (PA) content. In addition, CIP significantly increased the activity of related defense enzymes in A. macrocephala. RT-qPCR analysis showed that defense-related genes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were up-regulated after CIP treatment. To obtain the sequence of the defense enzyme gene, we are the first to provide a public and comprehensive A. macrocephala database by transcriptome sequencing. These results together demonstrate that CIP triggers defense responses in A. macrocephala. Our research not only provides further research on immune mechanism between plant and elicitor, but also sheds new light on strategy for biocontrol in the future.

A Validated Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Nadifloxacin, Mometasone Furoate and Miconazole Nitrate in Their Combined Dosage Form and Spiked Human Plasma Samples

Nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate are formulated together as a topical antifungal dosage form. In this work, a reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with a diode array detector (RP-UPLC-DAD) was developed and validated to determine nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate simultaneously in their bulk powder, in pharmaceutical preparation and in spiked human plasma samples. Separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UPLC C18 column of 2.2 μm particle size (2.1 × 100 mm) via isocratic elution using a mobile phase consisting of methanol, acetonitrile and water with ratio (50:20:30; v/v/v) and 0.1 g ammonium acetate, then pH was adjusted to (7.00) using acetic acid, flow rate 0.6 mL/min, temperature 30°C and UV detection at 220 nm. The method is linear in a range from 5 to 400 μg/mL for both nadifloxacin and miconazole nitrate and from 20 to 500 μg/mL for mometasone furoate. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines then applied successfully to determine the mentioned drugs in their pharmaceutical preparation and spiked human plasma samples. For plasma samples, the results showed that the method can determine nadifloxacin, mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate in human plasma samples with high accuracy and precision.

Development of simple and fast UV-method for the quantitative determination of mometasone furoate in a large number of metered doses of an aqueous nasal spray of mometasone furoate

Fast and simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of mometasone furoate in a single dose (single actuation) of its nasal spray was developed and validated. This method is based on the spectrophotometric analysis of turbid solution of a single spray in 20 mL isopropanol at 220-310 nm. We further show applicability of this method for analysis of large number of single sprays for the dosing homogeneity. It is based on a new approach to the development of spectrophotometric quantitative determination methods for drug products and possibly other objects, allowing measurements to be carried out on sufficiently turbid test solutions. The proposed approach is not a variant of the derivative spectrophotometry and can replace the methods of derivative spectrophotometry in cases where: derivative of analyte spectrum is not intense enough; derivative of the spectrum of the matrix (turbidity and remaining components of the product) is significant when compared with the derivative of the analyte.

Study of Intrinsic Stability of Mometasone Furoate in Presence of Salicylic Acid by HPTLC and Characterization, Cytotoxicity Testing of Major Degradation Product of Mometasone Furoate

Background:

A successful attempt has been done to develop and validate a simple stability indicating HPTLC method for the estimation of Mometasone furoate (MF) and its degradation product in the presence of Salicylic acid (SA). The degradation product was isolated, characterized and tested for cytotoxicity.

Introduction:

Mometasone furoate (MF) is chemically 9,21-Dichloro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl) oxy]- 11β-hydroxy-16-α-methylpregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, a high potency glucocorticoid. Salicylic acid (SA) has antiseptic, antifungal and keratolytic properties. Combination of MF and SA is available in the market as an ointment and is used for the treatment of skin inflammation, skin diseases, acne, skin redness and other conditions. Till now, there is no scientific documentation on HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of MF and SA in the topical formulation; stress testing of drugs and determination of degradation products.

Methods:

Combination of Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Methanol: Ammonia (6.4:1.5:2.0:0.1) was selected as the mobile phase. Detection was done by UV absorbance mode at wavelength 250 nm. Topical formulation containing MF and SA was analyzed by the developed method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The standard drugs were subjected to stress testing like hydrolysis, oxidative, thermal and photolytic degradation.

Results:

Good separation with Rf values 0.61 ± 0.02 (MF) and 0.21 ± 0.02 (SA) was achieved by optimized chromatographic conditions. The % drug content was found to be 97.41±1.15 and 99.43 ± 0.73 for MF and SA, respectively in a topical formulation. From the results of validation parameters, the developed method was found to be specific, accurate, precise, sensitive and robust. After stress testing, SA was found to be stable under different stress conditions. Whereas, MF was found to be base sensitive and single degradation product was observed and isolated by preparative TLC. It was characterized by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS studies. Isolated degradation product was subjected to cytotoxicity testing on A549 and SiHa cell lines.

Conclusion:

A simple stability indicating HPTLC method was developed and validated for the estimation of MF and its degradation product in presence of SA. Probable structure of degradation product of MF and probable pathway of degradation was interpreted. Results of cytotoxicity testing showed that the degradation product was more cytotoxic as compared to MF against both the cell lines.

Validated Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Mometasone Furoate in Presence of its Alkaline Degradation Product

Two novel stability-indicating TLC densitometric and chemometric methods were developed for the determination of mometasone furoate (MF) in the presence of its alkaline degradation product (MF Deg). The developed TLC densitometric method (Method A) is based on the quantitative densitometric separation of MF from its alkaline degradation product on silica gel 60 F254 and measurement of the bands at 250 nm. The separation was carried out using hexane-chloroform-methanol-acetonitrile (6:6:1:0.3, by volume) as a developing system. A well-resolved and compact bands for (MF) and (MF Deg) at retention factors 0.36 and 0.66, respectively. Good resolution between (MF) and (MF Deg) assured the specificity of the proposed method. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range 0.5-5 μg/band with r2 = 0.9998. The method validation was performed according to ICH guidelines demonstrating to be accurate, precise, robust and sensitive. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.21 and 0.63 μg/band for MF, respectively. The developed TLC-densitometric method can be applied for identification and quantitative determination of MF in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms without any interference from excipients and degradates. Method B is a multivariate chemometric-assisted spectrophotometry, where classical least squares, principal component regression and partial least squares were applied. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision.