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Catalytic Effect of 1,4-Dioxane on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Iodide by Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in Water. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a technically and financially viable alternative to today’s photovoltaic systems using p-n junctions. The two functions are isolated here, which are unlike traditional systems where the semiconductor is thought to perform both light absorption and charge carrier transport. This article discusses the potential use of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) to oxidize iodide as a sensitizer in DSSCs. However, it is critical to understand the kinetics of this essential process in order to understand the mechanism of electron transport. The oxidation of iodide by dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in three reaction media was studied: water, 10% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water, and 20% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water. The reaction was carried out in a regular laboratory setting, with no special sensitive conditions or the use of expensive materials, making it a cost-effective and practical method. Dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) oxidized iodide in selected media at 0.06 M ionic strength and constant temperature. The reaction was subjected to a spectrophotometric analysis. The data were acquired by measuring the rise in visible absorbance as a function of time after the formation of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(II). The reaction proceeded with an overall fractional (0.5), first order, and third order in water, 10% media, and 20% media, respectively. The presence of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III) in either of the reaction media had no effect on the rate. The effect of protons (H+) on the rate constant indicated resistance in water and catalysis in dioxane-water media containing 10–20% dioxane. When the ionic strength was raised, there was no change in the rate constant in water, but there was a deceleration in both binary solvent media. In an aqueous medium, the thermodynamic parameters of activation were computed as Ea 46.23 kJ mol−1, 24.62 M s−1, ΔH# 43.76 kJ mol−1, ΔS# −226.5 J mol−1 K−1, and ΔG# 111.26 kJ mol−1 (25 °C). By increasing the rate of the reaction to its maximum, this study discovered the binary solvent media with the highest catalytic efficiency, i.e., 20% v/v 1,4-dioxane-water, which may increase the efficiency of DSSCs without using any expensive material or unusual experimental conditions.
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Khattak R, Khan MS, Ullah R, Zainab, Sony, Ali M, Rahman W, Hakeem F, Ayaz K, Bibi Z. Effect of the ionic strength on the redox reaction of dicyanobis(bipyridine)iron(III)‐iodide in binary and ternary solvent systems. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Khattak
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sufaid Khan
- Department of Chemistry Chakdara Dir (L) University of Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Zainab
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Sony
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Mahnoor Ali
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Wajeeha Rahman
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Faryal Hakeem
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Kainat Ayaz
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Zainab Bibi
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
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Khattak R, Khan MS, Summer S, Ullah R, Afridi H, Rehman Z, Masood S, Noreen H, Qazi RA, Begum B. Kinetics of the oxidation of iodide by dicyanobis(phenanthroline)iron(III) in a binary solvent system. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rozina Khattak
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | | | - Shazia Summer
- Department of Chemistry Jinnah University for Women V‐C, Nazimabad Karachi Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Humaira Afridi
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Summyia Masood
- Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Hamsa Noreen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Raina Aman Qazi
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Bushra Begum
- Department of Chemistry Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar Pakistan
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
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Khattak R, Nazir M, Summer S, Sayed M, Minhaz A, Naqvi II. Thermodynamic aspect: kinetics of the reduction of dicyanobis(phen)iron(III) by acetylferrocene and methylferrocenemethanol. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0334-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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