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Toapanta OG, Paredes J, Meneses M, Salinas G. Validation of DOE Factorial/Taguchi/Surface Response Models of Mechanical Properties of Synthetic and Natural Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Hybrid Material. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2051. [PMID: 39065368 PMCID: PMC11280875 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A validation of the factorial, Taguchi and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical models is developed for the analysis of mechanical tests of hybrid materials, with an epoxy matrix reinforced with natural Chambira fiber and synthetic fibers of glass, carbon and Kevlar. These materials present variability in their properties, so for the validation of the models a research methodology with a quantitative approach based on the statistical process of the design of experiments (DOE) was adopted; for which the sampling is in relation to the design matrix using 90 treatments with three replicates for each of the study variables. The analysis of the models reveals that the greatest pressure is obtained by considering only the source elements that are significant; this is reflected in the increase in the coefficient of determination and in the predictive capacity. The modified factorial model is best suited for the research, since it has an R2 higher than 90% in almost all the evaluated mechanical properties of the material; with respect to the combined optimization of the variables, the model showed an overall contribution of 99.73% and global desirability of 0.7537. These results highlight the effectiveness of the modified factorial model in the analysis of hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar G. Toapanta
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060110, Ecuador; (O.G.T.); (M.M.)
- Escuela Doctorado, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería (UNI), Lima 15333, Peru
- Campus Benjamín Araujo, Instituto Superior Tecnológico Pelileo, Patate 180550, Ecuador
| | - Juan Paredes
- GI3M—Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador;
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado (EIDUNED), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador
| | - Manuel Meneses
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba 060110, Ecuador; (O.G.T.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- GI3M—Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180104, Ecuador;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180105, Ecuador
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Rouaz-El-Hajoui K, García-Montoya E, López-Urbano A, Romero-Obon M, Chiclana-Rodríguez B, Fraschi-Nieto A, Nardi-Ricart A, Suñé-Pou M, Suñé-Negre JM, Pérez-Lozano P. Optimisation of the Manufacturing Process of Organic-Solvent-Free Omeprazole Enteric Pellets for the Paediatric Population: Full Factorial Design. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2587. [PMID: 38004567 PMCID: PMC10675058 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid formulations are mostly used in the paediatric population. However, with certain active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), it is very difficult to guarantee quality and stability; this is the case, for example, with omeprazole. Omeprazole is used as a model drug due to the lack of a paediatric formulation meeting gastro-resistance requirements, which remains a challenge today. In this experimental study, the development of enteric polymer-coated pellets is proposed. It is proposed to use aqueous coating dispersions without the use of organic solvents, which are commonly used in fluidised bed coatings. To do this, the design of experiments method is used as a statistical tool for experiment creation and the subsequent analysis of the responses. In particular, this study uses a randomised full factorial design. The mean weight increases of the protective layer and the enteric coating are chosen as factors. Each factor is assigned two levels. Therefore, the design of the used experiments is a 22 + 1 central point. Overall, the obtained pellets can be an alternative to the compounding formulas of omeprazole that are currently used in the paediatric population, which do not meet the gastro-resistance specifications necessary to guarantee the therapeutic efficacy of this active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Rouaz-El-Hajoui
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Encarnación García-Montoya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea López-Urbano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Miquel Romero-Obon
- Laboratorios ALMIRALL, Ctra. de Martorell, 41-61, 08740 Sant Andreu de la Barca, Spain;
| | - Blanca Chiclana-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Alex Fraschi-Nieto
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Anna Nardi-Ricart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
| | - Marc Suñé-Pou
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep María Suñé-Negre
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez-Lozano
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (K.R.-E.-H.); (A.L.-U.); or (B.C.-R.); (A.F.-N.); (A.N.-R.); (M.S.-P.); (J.M.S.-N.); (P.P.-L.)
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l’Hospitalet, 199-203, 08090 Barcelona, Spain
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Basu P, Sarangapani R, Datta D, Venkatraman B. Optimization Studies of Elemental Composition of Composite Polymer for Neutron Shielding Using Factorial Design Analysis. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2021.2018275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pew Basu
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety, Quality & Resource Management Group, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu–603102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu–603102, India
| | - R. Sarangapani
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety, Quality & Resource Management Group, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu–603102, India
| | - D. Datta
- SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Department of Mathematics, Kattankulathur, Tamilnadu–603203, India
| | - B. Venkatraman
- Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Safety, Quality & Resource Management Group, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu–603102, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kalpakkam, Tamilnadu–603102, India
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