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Molina MA, Rodríguez-Campa J, Flores-Borrell R, Blanco RM, Sánchez-Sánchez M. Sustainable Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks at Room Temperature in Water with Exact Zn/Linker Stoichiometry. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:348. [PMID: 38392721 PMCID: PMC10892720 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are widely used MOFs because of certain characteristics, but also because they can be prepared at room temperature using water as the unique solvent. However, these a priori sustainable conditions inevitably entail a huge and somehow unusable excess of linker. Here, we present the formation of ZIFs at room temperature in water, starting from mixtures with a linker/metal ratio of two, that is, coinciding with the stoichiometry found in the final MOFs, in the presence of amines. ZIF-8 can be prepared with triethylamine (TEA), giving a yield of Zn of 96.6%. Other bases, like NaOH, tetraethylammonium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide, do not lead to ZIF-8 under the same conditions. The so-obtained ZIF-8 contains TEA inside its cavities, making it less porous than its conventionally prepared counterparts. Amine can be removed by mild thermal treatments (200-250 °C). Such thermal treatments induce the generation of g-C3N4-like species which could give added value to these materials as potential photocatalysts, increasing their affinity to CO2, as proved in this work. This methodology can be successfully extended to other amines, like N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, as well as to other prepared ZIFs, like Co-based ZIF-67, isostructural to ZIF-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Asunción Molina
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.); (J.R.-C.); (R.F.-B.); (R.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0A, UK
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Campa
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.); (J.R.-C.); (R.F.-B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Rosa Flores-Borrell
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.); (J.R.-C.); (R.F.-B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Rosa M. Blanco
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.); (J.R.-C.); (R.F.-B.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (M.A.M.); (J.R.-C.); (R.F.-B.); (R.M.B.)
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Jackson D, Rose M, Kamenetska M. Tunable growth of a single high-density ZIF nanoshell on a gold nanoparticle isolated in an optical trap. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2591-2598. [PMID: 38224315 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05316d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate an all-optical method using an optical tweezer to controllably grow high quality zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanoshells on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and monitor the growth via darkfield spectroscopy. Our single particle approach allows us to localize an individual NP within a microscope slide chamber containing ZIF precursors at the focus of an optical microscope and initiate growth through localized heating without affecting the bulk system. Darkfield spectroscopy is used to characterize changes to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the AuNP resulting from refractive index changes as the ZIF crystal grows on the surface. We show that the procedure can be generalized to grow various types of ZIF crystals, such as ZIF-8, ZIF-11, and a previously undocumented ZIF variety. Utilizing both computational models and experimental methods, we identify the thickness of ZIF layers to be self-limiting to ∼50 nm or less, depending on the trapping laser power. Critically, the refractive index of the shells here was found to be above 1.6, indicating the formation of high-density crystals, previously accessible only through slow atomic layer deposition and not through a bulk heating process. The single particle method developed here opens the door for bottom-up controllable growth of custom nanostructures with tunable optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Maitreya Rose
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Maria Kamenetska
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Material Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Insights into the Structure-Property-Activity Relationship of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for Acid-Base Catalysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054370. [PMID: 36901801 PMCID: PMC10002606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have been extensively examined for their potential in acid-base catalysis. Many studies have demonstrated that ZIFs possess unique structural and physicochemical properties that allow them to demonstrate high activity and yield products with high selectivity. Herein, we highlight the nature of ZIFs in terms of their chemical formulation and the textural, acid-base, and morphological properties that strongly affect their catalytic performance. Our primary focus is the application of spectroscopic methods as instruments for analyzing the nature of active sites because these methods can allow an understanding of unusual catalytic behavior from the perspective of the structure-property-activity relationship. We examine several reactions, such as condensation reactions (the Knoevenagel condensation and Friedländer reactions), the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides, the synthesis of propylene glycol methyl ether from propylene oxide and methanol, and the cascade redox condensation of 2-nitroanilines with benzylamines. These examples illustrate the broad range of potentially promising applications of Zn-ZIFs as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Miwornunyuie N, Jingyu H, Chen L, Ke L, Koomson DA, Ewusi-Mensah D, Opoku PA. Application of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane in microbial desalination cells for simultaneous heavy metal removal and biofouling prevention. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135386. [PMID: 35724722 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial desalination cells (MDC) syndicate the advantage of physical separation by using membranes to create conditions required for Bioelectrochemical processes for the treatment of various domestic and industrial wastewater, while simultaneously desalinating saline water and generating bioenergy. However, since the introduction of this technology, heavy metal removal has been a challenge, and membrane fouling has become a major bottleneck limiting the optimum performance and efficiency of this technology. This study incorporated the use of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane via phase inversion mechanism in MDC for simultaneous heavy metal removal and membrane biofouling prevention. The study was conducted in two MDC systems; MDC-Control (without the ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane) and MDC with ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane. The results from the experiment shown that maximum removal efficiency of 85.7%, 84.3%, 84.0%, and 90.61% was obtained for Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ respectively in MDC-ZIF-8, while MDC control showed 54.17%, 59.71%, 51.94%, and 54.17%. The results were well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with correlation coefficients (R2) > 0.99 in all cases for MDC-ZIF-8. A maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 292 mg g-1 was attained for all four metal ions in MDC-ZIF-8. Besides, after 38 days of continuous operation with two complete desalination for both systems, the SEM-EDS characterization analysis, polarization characteristics, and power generation revealed antifouling characteristics of ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane incorporated in MDC. The integration of the ZIF-8 nanocomposite membrane proved to be simultaneously efficient in biofouling prevention and heavy metal removal without jeopardizing the system's ability for wastewater treatment, bioelectricity generation, and desalination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Miwornunyuie
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Huang Jingyu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Song Liao Aquatic Environment, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Li Ke
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Song Liao Aquatic Environment, Changchun, 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Desmond Ato Koomson
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
| | - David Ewusi-Mensah
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
| | - Prince Atta Opoku
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, No.1 Xikang Road, Nanjin, 210098, China
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Contra-diffusion synthesis of metal-organic framework separation membranes: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rani M, Yadav J, Shanker U, Sillanpää M. Green Synthesized Zinc Derived Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity: An Updated Review on Structural Modification, Scientific Assessment and Environmental Applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Imtiaz A, Othman MHD, Jilani A, Khan IU, Kamaludin R, Iqbal J, Al-Sehemi AG. Challenges, Opportunities and Future Directions of Membrane Technology for Natural Gas Purification: A Critical Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12070646. [PMID: 35877848 PMCID: PMC9321681 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12070646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Natural gas is an important and fast-growing energy resource in the world and its purification is important in order to reduce environmental hazards and to meet the required quality standards set down by notable pipeline transmission, as well as distribution companies. Therefore, membrane technology has received great attention as it is considered an attractive option for the purification of natural gas in order to remove impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) to meet the usage and transportation requirements. It is also recognized as an appealing alternative to other natural gas purification technologies such as adsorption and cryogenic processes due to its low cost, low energy requirement, easy membrane fabrication process and less requirement for supervision. During the past few decades, membrane-based gas separation technology employing hollow fibers (HF) has emerged as a leading technology and underwent rapid growth. Moreover, hollow fiber (HF) membranes have many advantages including high specific surface area, fewer requirements for maintenance and pre-treatment. However, applications of hollow fiber membranes are sometimes restricted by problems related to their low tensile strength as they are likely to get damaged in high-pressure applications. In this context, braid reinforced hollow fiber membranes offer a solution to this problem and can enhance the mechanical strength and lifespan of hollow fiber membranes. The present review includes a discussion about different materials used to fabricate gas separation membranes such as inorganic, organic and mixed matrix membranes (MMM). This review also includes a discussion about braid reinforced hollow fiber (BRHF) membranes and their ability to be used in natural gas purification as they can tackle high feed pressure and aggressive feeds without getting damaged or broken. A BRHF membrane possesses high tensile strength as compared to a self-supported membrane and if there is good interfacial bonding between the braid and the separation layer, high tensile strength, i.e., upto 170Mpa can be achieved, and due to these factors, it is expected that BRHF membranes could give promising results when used for the purification of natural gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqa Imtiaz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (R.K.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (R.K.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.H.D.O.); or (A.J.)
| | - Asim Jilani
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.D.O.); or (A.J.)
| | - Imran Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Pak-Austria Fachhochshule, Institute of Applied Sciences & Technology, Khanpur Road, Mang, Haripur 22650, Pakistan;
| | - Roziana Kamaludin
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (R.K.)
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
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Ti(IV)-Exchanged Nano-ZIF-8 and Nano-ZIF-67 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroquinone. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02327-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Shahsavari M, Mohammadzadeh Jahani P, Sheikhshoaie I, Tajik S, Aghaei Afshar A, Askari MB, Salarizadeh P, Di Bartolomeo A, Beitollahi H. Green Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: A Review of Their Characterization and Industrial and Medical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:447. [PMID: 35057165 PMCID: PMC8779251 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOF) are a class of hybrid networks of supramolecular solid materials comprising a large number of inorganic and organic linkers, all bound to metal ions in a well-organized fashion. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a sub-group of MOFs with imidazole as an organic linker to metals; it is rich in carbon, nitrogen, and transition metals. ZIFs combine the classical zeolite characteristics of thermal and chemical stability with pore-size tunability and the rich topological diversity of MOFs. Due to the energy crisis and the existence of organic solvents that lead to environmental hazards, considerable research efforts have been devoted to devising clean and sustainable synthesis routes for ZIFs to reduce the environmental impact of their preparation. Green chemistry is the key to sustainable development, as it will lead to new solutions to existing problems. Moreover, it will present opportunities for new processes and products and, at its heart, is scientific and technological innovation. The green chemistry approach seeks to redesign the materials that make up the basis of our society and our economy, including the materials that generate, store, and transport our energy, in ways that are benign for humans and the environment and that possess intrinsic sustainability. This study covers the principles of green chemistry as used in designing strategies for synthesizing greener, less toxic ZIFs the consume less energy to produce. First, the necessity of green methods in today's society, their replacement of the usual non-green methods and their benefits are discussed; then, various methods for the green synthesis of ZIF compounds, such as hydrothermally, ionothermally, and by the electrospray technique, are considered. These methods use the least harmful and toxic substances, especially concerning organic solvents, and are also more economical. When a compound is synthesized by a green method, a question arises as to whether these compounds can replace the same compounds as synthesized by non-green methods. For example, is the thermal stability of these compounds (which is one of the most important features of ZIFs) preserved? Therefore, after studying the methods of identifying these compounds, in the last part, there is an in-depth discussion on the various applications of these green-synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Shahsavari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran; (M.S.); (I.S.)
| | | | - Iran Sheikhshoaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 7616913439, Iran; (M.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran; (S.T.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran; (S.T.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Bagher Askari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199613776, Iran;
| | - Parisa Salarizadeh
- High-Temperature Fuel Cell Research Department, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran;
| | - Antonio Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Physics “E. R. Caianiello” and “Interdepartmental Center NANOMATES”, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 7631885356, Iran
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Sui T, Li L, Lin B, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yan S. Study on Lubrication and Friction Reduction Properties of ZIF-8 Nanoparticles as Si 3N 4 Ceramic Water Lubrication Additives. Front Chem 2022; 9:802375. [PMID: 34988064 PMCID: PMC8720919 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.802375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramics can achieve superlubricity under water lubrication; however, their running-in period is long and application is rather limited by wear limit. Thus, zeolite imidazole ester skeleton (ZIF), an important branch of metal organic framework materials (MOFs), is expected to improve the tribological properties of lubricants and associated additives. As such, it has broad application prospects within the field. In this paper, ZIF-8 nanoparticles of varying concentrations were prepared and linked with amino functional groups. Specimens were used in silicon nitride self-matching pairs and their tribological properties were observed. After the experiment, friction surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared radiation (FTIR). The experimental results have shown that ZIF-8 nanoparticles greatly reduced both friction and wear. Comprehensively considering running-in time, average COF during the whole process and smooth friction period COF, optimal performance was obtained for the ZIF-8 nanoparticle solution concentration of 1wt%. Furthermore, it was concluded that the lubrication properties of amino-modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles are significantly better compared to that of the unmodified ZIF-8. The anti-friction mechanism of ZIF-8 as a ceramic water lubrication additive was mainly through the filling and forming of nanoparticle film on the ceramic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Sui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lichao Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Benyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Mphuthi L, Erasmus E, Langner EHG. Metal Exchange of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 Nanoparticles with Fe(II) for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:31632-31645. [PMID: 34869987 PMCID: PMC8637596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), such as ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, were found to be efficient catalysts. However, ZIFs are not used much in photocatalysis due to their low photocatalytic activity for most reactions. The photocatalytic activity can be improved by modifying the framework by exchanging the Zn(II) ions (ZIF-8) and Co(II) ions (ZIF-67) with a more photocatalytically active metal(II) ion to form an efficient bimetallic ZIF photocatalyst. Redox-active iron (Fe)-based materials are known to be highly potent photocatalysts. Thus, incorporating iron into ZIFs could significantly enhance their photocatalytic performance. In this study, we modified nanosized ZIF-8(Zn) and ZIF-67(Co) via metal (Fe2+) exchange to produce bimetallic frameworks that are photocatalytically more active than their parent ZIFs. Nanosized ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 were synthesized isothermally in either water or methanol under ambient conditions. From these, Fe-containing bimetallic ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 nanoparticles were synthesized via the metal exchange, and their performance on the photocatalytic degradation of dye was evaluated. The morphology and crystal structures of the pristine ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 nanoparticles were retained to a large extent during the iron exchange. Their Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas decreased by less than 15% for nZIF-8 and less than 12% for nZIF-67. The binding energy values on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the preservation of the oxidation state of Fe(II) during the exchange process. A remarkably higher catalytic activity was observed for the photocatalytic degradation of dye by the Fe-exchanged nZIF-8 and nZIF-67 compared to their parent ZIFs. This proved that the incorporation of Fe(II) centers into the ZIF framework enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the framework dramatically. In addition, these catalysts can be regenerated and reused without an appreciable loss in activity.
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Abstract
In the last twenty years, research activity around the environmental applications of metal–organic frameworks has bloomed due to their CO2 capture ability, tunable properties, porosity, and well-defined crystalline structure. Thus, hundreds of MOFs have been developed. However, the impact of their production on the environment has not been investigated as thoroughly as their potential applications. In this work, the environmental performance of various synthetic routes of MOF nanoparticles, in particular ZIF-8, is assessed through a life cycle assessment. For this purpose, five representative synthesis routes were considered, and synthesis data were obtained based on available literature. The synthesis included different solvents (de-ionized water, methanol, dimethylformamide) as well as different synthetic steps (i.e., hours of drying, stirring, precursor). The findings revealed that the main environmental weak points identified during production were: (a) the use of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol (MeOH) as substances impacting environmental sustainability, which accounted for more than 85% of the overall environmental impacts in those synthetic routes where they were utilized as solvents and as cleaning agents at the same time; (b) the electricity consumption, especially due to the Greek energy mix which is fossil-fuel dependent, and accounted for up to 13% of the overall environmental impacts in some synthetic routes. Nonetheless, for the optimization of the impacts provided by the energy use, suggestions are made based on the use of alternative, cleaner renewable energy sources, which (for the case of wind energy) will decrease the impacts by up to 2%.
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Jamil N, Othman NH, Mohd Zaini MH, Alias NH, Shahruddin MZ, Lau WJ, Ismail AF, Md Nordin NAH. Green one-pot synthesis and characterisation of hybrid reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (rGO/ZIF-8). JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Sustainable Application of ZIF-8 for Heavy-Metal Removal in Aqueous Solutions. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13020984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Water is life, and clean-water demand is increasing daily as a result of rapid population growth and industrial evolution. Nevertheless, due to the inadequate supply and availability of new water sources, there is a need for effective, sustainable removal of contaminants for wastewater reuse. Several treatment approaches that include chemical, physical, and biological methods have been thoroughly tested, with biological treatment being regarded as the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly method. However, the presence of heavy metals and complicated chemicals that are nonbiodegradable limits the use of this cost-effective approach. In this paper, we review the sustainable application of a cheap, water-stable metal-organic framework, the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8), with an easier synthesis approach for heavy-metal removal in aqueous solutions. In this review, we discuss the removal efficiency in terms of adsorption capacity, describe the underlying mechanism behind the adsorption capacity of ZIF-8, present a sustainable synthesis approach, and make vital suggestions to aid in the future application of ZIF-8 for the removal of heavy metals.
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Shinde P, Sharma V, Punde A, Waghmare A, Vairale P, Hase Y, Pandharkar S, Bhorde A, Aher R, Nair S, Doiphode V, Jadkar V, Patil N, Rondiya S, Prasad M, Jadkar S. 2D alignment of zinc oxide@ZIF8 nanocrystals for photoelectrochemical water splitting. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin films of zinc oxide nano-sheets loaded with Zeolitic Imidazole Framework 8 nanocrystals were synthesized using electrodeposition and chemical bath deposition for photoelectrochemical application.
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Geng W, Chen W, Li G, Dong X, Song Y, Wei W, Sun Y. Induced CO 2 Electroreduction to Formic Acid on Metal-Organic Frameworks via Node Doping. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4035-4040. [PMID: 32652883 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), combining the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous components, have been explored as catalytic materials for the CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2 ERR). However, the unmatched metal nodes result in MOFs having lower faradaic efficiencies (FEs) and limited current densities in CO2 ERR. Herein, we report a general strategy to promote activities of MOFs via node doping in CO2 ERR. With ion exchange, an active tin node was doped into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) to facilitate the reduction kinetics of CO2 . The divalent Sn2+ node accelerates the formation of formic acid (HCOOH), resulting in the highest HCOOH FE of 74 % and total current density (Jtotal ) of 27 mA/cm2 at -1.1 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) over 0.6 wt% Sn-doped ZIF-8 with stable catalytic performance after seven reuse cycles, which is clearly better compared to the catalytic properties of pristine ZIF-8 (FEHCOOH =0 %, Jtotal =13 mA/cm2 ). This work opens an avenue for promoting the CO2 ERR performance of MOFs by node doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Clean Technology, 300 Dingyuan Road, Shanghai, 201620, P.R. China
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17
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Sun Y, Ma M, Jiang L, Sun X, Que M, Tao C, Wu Z. High n-Hexane Adsorption Capacity of Composite Adsorbents Based on MOFs and Graphene with Various Morphologies. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sun
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Ma
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaoling Que
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongben Tao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengtian Wu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Water Based Synthesis of ZIF-8 Assisted by Hydrogen Bond Acceptors and Enhancement of CO2 Uptake by Solvent Assisted Ligand Exchange. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesize zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) by an alternative method and then modify the surface properties for enhancing the CO2 adsorption performance. The ZIF-8 was synthesized by a water based synthesis method using 2-methyl imidazole (2-MeIM) as a hydrogen bond donor and quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) as a hydrogen bond acceptor. The optimal synthesis conditions were investigated by varying (i) the order of precursor mixing during the synthesis process (ii) different QAS (tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), tetraethyl ammonium bromide (TEAB) and trimethyl phenyl ammonium bromide (TMPAB)) and (iii) the ratio between 2-MeIM and QAS. The results show that the optimal synthesis condition was using TMPAB as the hydrogen bond acceptor with the ratio between 2-MeIM and TMPAB of 8:2 and in the order of first mixing both hydrogen bond donor and acceptor before adding Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O solution. TMPAB can provide uniform size distribution with the smallest particle sizes of ZIF-8. This can be explained by the higher hydrogen bond strength between hydrogen bond donor (2-MeIM) and hydrogen bond acceptor (TMPAB) when compared with that of the rest of two QAS. The synthesized ZIF-8 was modified by solvent-assisted ligand exchange methods. The organic linker of ZIF-8 (2-MeIM) was exchanged by 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-NH2bZIM) and 2-phenylimidazole (2-PhIM). The CO2 uptake of modified ZIF-8 was enhanced upon exchanging with 2-NH2bZIM. The increase in CO2 uptake was due to an additional interaction between CO2 and exchanged imidazole linker and an increase in surface properties (higher surface area, pore size and pore volume).
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19
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Preparation of PEBAX-1074/modified ZIF-8 nanoparticles mixed matrix membranes for CO2 removal from natural gas. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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20
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Liu H, Jiang L, Lu M, Liu G, Li T, Xu X, Li L, Lin H, Lv J, Huang X, Xu D. Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction of Pyrethroid Pesticides from Environmental Water Samples Using Deep Eutectic Solvent-type Surfactant Modified Magnetic Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8. Molecules 2019; 24:E4038. [PMID: 31703405 PMCID: PMC6891655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and effective magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) technique was developed for the extraction of pyrethroid pesticides from environmental water samples, followed by gas chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry determination. An adsorbent of magnetic zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@deep eutectic solvent (M-ZIF-8@DES) was prepared using deep eutectic solvent coated on the surface of M-ZIF-8. The features of M-ZIF-8@DES were confirmed by material characterizations, and the results indicated that M-ZIF-8@DES has a good magnetism (61.3 emu g-1), a decent surface area (96.83 m2 g-1) and pore volume (0.292 mL g-1). Single factor experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of different conditions on the performance of MSPE. Under the optimal conditions, the developed method performs good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9916) in the concentration range of 1-500 μg L-1. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.05-0.21 μg L-1 (signal/noise = 3/1). The intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) and interday RSD were less than 9.40%. Finally, the proposed technique was applied for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in environmental water samples. This work shows the potential of DES-modified metal-organic frameworks for different sample pretreatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- School of Life Science and Food Engeneering, Hebei University of Engeneering, Handan 056000, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- School of Life Science and Food Engeneering, Hebei University of Engeneering, Handan 056000, China
| | - Meng Lu
- School of Life Science and Food Engeneering, Hebei University of Engeneering, Handan 056000, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- School of Life Science and Food Engeneering, Hebei University of Engeneering, Handan 056000, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for vegetable Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
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Payra S, Challagulla S, Chakraborty C, Roy S. A hydrogen evolution reaction induced unprecedentedly rapid electrocatalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol over ZIF-67 compare to ZIF-8. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Timofeeva MN, Lykoyanov IA, Panchenko VN, Shefer KI, Bhadra BN, Jhung SH. Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ZIF-8 and MAF-5 as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Synthesis of 1-Methoxy-2-propanol from Methanol and Propylene Oxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Timofeeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pr. K. Marksa 20, 630067, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan A. Lykoyanov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pr. K. Marksa 20, 630067, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina N. Panchenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Pr. K. Marksa 20, 630067, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina I. Shefer
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 5, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Biswa Nath Bhadra
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuck-Dong, Buk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Jhung
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Sankyuck-Dong, Buk-Ku, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
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23
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Timofeeva MN, Paukshtis EA, Panchenko VN, Shefer KI, Isaeva VI, Kustov LM, Gerasimov EY. Tuning the Catalytic Performance of Novel Composites Based on ZIF-8 and Nafen through Dimensional and Concentration Effects in the Synthesis of Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Timofeeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Prospect Akad. Lavrentieva 5 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University; Prospect K. Marks 20 630092 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; St. Pirogova 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy A. Paukshtis
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Prospect Akad. Lavrentieva 5 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; St. Pirogova 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Valentina N. Panchenko
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Prospect Akad. Lavrentieva 5 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University; Prospect K. Marks 20 630092 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; St. Pirogova 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Kristina I. Shefer
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Prospect Akad. Lavrentieva 5 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; St. Pirogova 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
| | - Vera I. Isaeva
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow; Leninsky prospect 4 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Leonid M. Kustov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry; 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Moscow; Leninsky prospect 4 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniy Yu. Gerasimov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS; Prospect Akad. Lavrentieva 5 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University; St. Pirogova 2 630090 Novosibirsk Russian Federation
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24
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Photoreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol over Copper Based Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8: A New Generation Photocatalyst. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficient reduction of CO2 into valuable products such as methanol, over metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based catalyst, has received much attention. The photocatalytic reduction is considered the most economical method due to the utilization of solar energy. In this study, Copper (II)/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (Cu/ZIF-8) catalysts were synthesized via a hydrothermal method for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to methanol. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The host ZIF-8, treated with 2 mmol copper prepared in 2M ammonium hydroxide solution showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The crystal structures of ZIF-8 and 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalysts were observed as cubic and orthorhombic, respectively and the XPS analysis confirmed the deposition of Cu (II) ions over ZIF-8 surface among all the prepared catalysts. The orthorhombic structure, nano-sized crystals, morphology and Cu loading of the 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalyst were the core factors to influence the photocatalytic activity. The yield of Methanol was found to be 35.82 µmol/L·g after 6 h of irradiations on 2Cu/ZIF-8N2 catalyst in the wavelength range between 530–580 nm. The copper-based ZIF-8 catalyst has proven as an alternative approach for the economical photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH3OH.
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