Studies on anticancerious and photocatalytic activity of carboxymethyl cellulose-cl-poly(lactic acid-co-itaconic acid)/ZnO-Ag nanocomposite

Magnetic carboxymethyl cellulose-silk fibroin hydrogel: a ternary nanobiocomposite exhibiting excellent biological activity and in vitro hyperthermia of cancer therapy

In this work, a magnetic nanobiocomposite scaffold based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel, silk fibroin (SF), and magnetite nanoparticles was fabricated. The structural properties of this new magnetic nanobiocomposite were characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, EDX, FE-SEM, TGA and VSM. According to the particle size histogram, most of the particles were between 55-77nm and the value of saturation magnetization of this nanobiocomposite was reported 41.65emu.g^{- 1}. Hemolysis and MTT tests showed that the designed magnetic nanobiocomposite was compatible with the blood. In addition, the viability percentage of HEK293T normal cells did not change significantly, and the proliferation rate of BT549 cancer cells decreased in its vicinity. EC50 values for HEK293T normal cells after 48h and 72h were 3958 and 2566, respectively. Also, these values for BT549 cancer cells after 48h and 72h were 0.4545 and 0.9967, respectively. The efficiency of fabricated magnetic nanobiocomposite was appraised in a magnetic fluid hyperthermia manner. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of 69W/g (for the 1mg/mL sample at 200kHz) was measured under the alternating magnetic field (AMF).

Boosting bone cell growth using nanofibrous carboxymethylated cellulose and chitosan on titanium dioxide nanotube array with dual surface charges as a novel multifunctional bioimplant surface

One of the most vital aspects of the orthopedic implant field has been the development of multifunctional coatings that improve bone-implant contact while simultaneously preventing bacterial infection. The present study investigates the fabrication and characterization of multifunctional polysaccharides, including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCn) and carboxymethyl chitosan nanofibers (CMCHn), as a novel implant coating on titania nanotube arrays (T). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images revealed a nanofibrous morphology with a narrow diameter for CMCn and CMCHn, similar to extracellular matrix nanostructures. Compared to the T surface, the roughness of CMCn and CMCHn samples increased by over 250 %. An improved cell proliferation rate was observed on CMCHn nanofibers with a positively charged surface caused by the amino groups. Furthermore, in an antibacterial experiment, CMCn and CMCHn inhibited bacterial colony formation by 80 % and 73 %, respectively. According to the results, constructed modified CMCn and CMCHn increased osteoblast cell survival while inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation owing to their surface charge and bioinspired physicochemical properties.

A new strategy to construct cellulose-chitosan films supporting Ag/Ag2O/ZnO heterostructures for high photocatalytic and antibacterial performance

The industrial wastewater contaminants including dyes and bacteria have caused serious environmental pollutions. Herein, ternary Ag/Ag₂O/ZnO heterostructure decorating cellulose-chitosan films were constructed via in situ synthesis. Cellulose and chitosan dissolved in alkali/urea solvent and regenerated in ethylene glycol to form cellulose/chitosan nanofiber network, which was an ideal supporter for ZnO and Ag nanoparticles and beneficial for recycle usage. The hydroxyl groups of cellulose and chitosan chains exposed and were utilized for the synthesis of Ag particles, as well as ZnO nanoparticles by biomineralization. The Ag/Ag₂O/ZnO decorating cellulose/chitosan (AZ@CC) films exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The width of inhibition zones around AZ@CC films reached 10.0-19.6 mm and 12.4-15.0 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Moreover, AZ@CC films exhibited good photocatalytic activity against methyl orange (MO), almost 97% degradation of methyl orange (MO) within 50 min was achieved with the assistance of AZ@CC film. Importantly, the nanocomposite films exhibited excellent tensile strength and thermal stability. This facile and eco-friendly approach provided a new route to utilize cellulose and chitosan advantages for constructing multifunctional materials.

Recent Advances in Biotechnological Itaconic Acid Production, and Application for a Sustainable Approach

Intense research has been conducted to produce environmentally friendly biopolymers obtained from renewable feedstock to substitute fossil-based materials. This is an essential aspect for implementing the circular bioeconomy strategy, expressly declared by the European Commission in 2018 in terms of "repair, reuse, and recycling". Competent carbon-neutral alternatives are renewable biomass waste for chemical element production, with proficient recyclability properties. Itaconic acid (IA) is a valuable platform chemical integrated into the first 12 building block compounds the achievement of which is feasible from renewable biomass or bio-wastes (agricultural, food by-products, or municipal organic waste) in conformity with the US Department of Energy. IA is primarily obtained through fermentation with Aspergillus terreus, but nowadays several microorganisms are genetically engineered to produce this organic acid in high quantities and on different substrates. Given its trifunctional structure, IA allows the synthesis of various novel biopolymers, such as drug carriers, intelligent food packaging, antimicrobial biopolymers, hydrogels in water treatment and analysis, and superabsorbent polymers binding agents. In addition, IA shows antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activity. Moreover, this biopolymer retains qualities like environmental effectiveness, biocompatibility, and sustainability. This manuscript aims to address the production of IA from renewable sources to create a sustainable circular economy in the future. Moreover, being an essential monomer in polymer synthesis it possesses a continuous provocation in the biopolymer chemistry domain and technologies, as defined in the present review.