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Li J, Yu Y, Dong L, Lou Z, Fang Q, Liang F, Li Y, Wu M. A modified orthotopic left lung transplantation model in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30728. [PMID: 38770296 PMCID: PMC11103487 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To enhance the operability of the rat orthotopic left lung transplantation model, we implemented several improvements and meticulously detailed the procedure. One hundred and thirty-one healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g, were utilized, with 64 serving as donors, 64 as recipients, and 3 as sham controls. We employed a modified three-cuff technique for the orthotopic left lung transplantation. Notably, our modified perfusion method could prevent donor lung edema, while waist-shaped cuffs minimized suture slippage during anastomosis. Additionally, positioning the recipient rat in a slightly left-elevated supine position during anastomosis reduced tension on the lung hilum, thus mitigating the risk of vascular laceration. The introduction of a unique two-person anastomosis technique significantly reduced operation time and substantially improved success rates. Furthermore, maximizing inflation of donor lungs both during preservation and surgery minimized the occurrence of postoperative atelectasis. Various other procedural refinements contributed to the enhanced operability of our model. Sixty-four rat orthotopic left lung transplantations were performed with only one surgical failure observed. The acquisition time for donor lungs averaged (19 ± 4) minutes, while (11 ± 1) minutes were allocated for donor lung hilum anatomy and cuff installation. Recipient thoracotomy and left lung hilar anatomy before anastomosis required (24 ± 8) minutes, with anastomosis itself taking (31 ± 6) minutes. Remarkably, the survival rate at the 4-h postoperative mark stood at 96.7 %. Even six months post-operation, transplanted left rat lungs continued to exhibit proper inflation and contraction rhythms, displaying signs of chronic pathological changes. In summary, our modified rat model of orthotopic left lung transplantation demonstrates robust operability, significantly reducing surgical duration, improving operation success rates, and enhancing postoperative survival rates. Furthermore, its long-term survival capacity enables the simulation of acute and chronic disease processes following lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lingjun Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiuyu Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuxiang Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Gao P, Li C, Ning Y, Wu J, Zhang P, Liu X, Su Y, Zhao D, Chen C. Improvement of surgical techniques for orthotopic single lung transplantation in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:673. [PMID: 35845494 PMCID: PMC9279794 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Although orthotopic single lung transplantation in rats has long been established, this model is still highly challenging. Therefore, we made several modifications in anesthesia, lung extraction, vascular clamp, and transplantation procedures for this model. Methods Fifty cases of rat left lung transplantation were performed using traditional procedures and modified surgical techniques, respectively. Two hundred Sprague Dawley male rats, half as donors and half as recipients, were randomized equally to the two groups. The modifications included orotracheal intubation via a video laryngoscope, retrograde perfusion following anterograde perfusion, a Rummel tourniquet for the occlusion of pulmonary vessels, flushing the vessels and cuffs before anastomosis with heparin, and a simple pleural drainage. The surgical time, warm and cold ischemia time, vascular complications, and survival rate on postoperative day seven were compared between the two groups. Results The modified surgical techniques significantly reduced the surgical duration (35.7 vs. 46.3 min, P<0.01), warm ischemia time (16.3 vs. 28.8 min, P<0.01), and vascular complications (2% vs. 16%, P=0.04). Moreover, the survival rate on postoperative day 7 was higher in the improved surgical techniques group (96% vs. 80%, P=0.03). Conclusions We described the improvement of surgical techniques for orthotopic single lung transplantation in rats, which could shorten anastomoses time, reduce vascular complications, and improve survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongwu Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiucheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiliang Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Lung Transplantation, Shanghai, China
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Jin X, Kaes J, Van Slambrouck J, Inci I, Arni S, Geudens V, Heigl T, Jansen Y, Carlon MS, Vos R, Van Raemdonck D, Zhang Y, Vanaudenaerde BM, Ceulemans LJ. A Comprehensive Review on the Surgical Aspect of Lung Transplant Models in Mice and Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030480. [PMID: 35159289 PMCID: PMC8833959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation improves the outcome and quality of life of patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. However, the procedure is still hampered by the lack of suitable donors, the complexity of the surgery, and the risk of developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Over the past decades, translational experiments in animal models have led to a better understanding of physiology and immunopathology following the lung transplant procedure. Small animal models (e.g., rats and mice) are mostly used in experiments regarding immunology and pathobiology and are preferred over large animal models due to the ethical aspects, the cost-benefit balance, and the high throughput possibility. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the reported surgical techniques for lung transplantation in rodent models and the management of perioperative complications. Furthermore, we propose a guide to help identify the appropriate species for a given experiment and discuss recent experimental findings in small animal lung transplant models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Kaes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilhan Inci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (I.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Stephan Arni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (I.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Vincent Geudens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Tobias Heigl
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Yanina Jansen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.J.C.); Tel.: +32-16-34-68-20 (L.J.C.)
| | - Bart M. Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.J.C.); Tel.: +32-16-34-68-20 (L.J.C.)
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Ruiz-Pérez D, Largo C, García-Río F. Technical Aspects and Benefits of Experimental Mouse Lung Transplantation. Arch Bronconeumol 2016; 52:596-604. [PMID: 27259359 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of lung transplantations performed as the last option for many respiratory diseases has grown considerably, both in adults and children. However, the causes for the relatively short survival of lungs compared to other organ transplants still need to be studied. Techniques have improved since the 1950s when experimental lung transplantation began, and the different animal species used now include rodents. The advantage of using these small species is that the surgical model has been expanded and standardized, and different respiratory problems can be studied. In this review we examine the different technical strategies used in experimental transplantation in rats and mice, focusing on surgical techniques and anesthesia and monitoring methods, and highlighting the major contributions of mouse lung transplantation to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Carlota Largo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, España
| | - Francisco García-Río
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, Madrid, España; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), España.
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Liu R, Fang X, Meng C, Xing J, Liu J, Yang W, Li W, Zhou H. Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1214-22. [PMID: 25662956 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214563895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on lung ischemia-reperfusion injury when it is inhaled by donor or/and recipient. This study examined the effects of lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase on lung graft function in rats. The donor lung was inflated with 3% hydrogen, 40% oxygen, and 57% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg, and the gas was replaced every 20 min during the cold ischemia phase for 2 h. In the control group, the donor lung was inflated with 40% oxygen and 60% nitrogen at 5 mL/kg. The recipient was euthanized 2 h after orthotropic lung transplantation. The hydrogen concentration in the donor lung during the cold ischemia phase was 1.99-3%. The oxygenation indices in the arterial blood and pulmonary vein blood were improved in the hydrogen group. The inflammation response indices, including lung W/D ratio, the myeloperoxidase activity in the grafts, and the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in serum, were significantly lower in the hydrogen group (5.2 ± 0.8, 0.76 ± 0.32 U/g, 340 ± 84 pg/mL, and 405 ± 115 pg/mL, respectively) than those in the control group (6.5 ± 0.7, 1.1 ± 0.5 U/g, 443 ± 94 pg/mL, and 657 ± 96 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.05), and the oxidative stress indices, including the superoxide dismutase activity and the level of malonaldehyde in lung grafts were improved after hydrogen application. Furthermore, the lung injury score determined by histopathology, the cell apoptotic index, and the caspase-3 protein expression in lung grafts were decreased after hydrogen treatment, and the static pressure-volume curve of lung graft was improved by hydrogen inflation. In conclusion, lung inflation with 3% hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase alleviated lung graft injury and improved graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xianhai Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jingchun Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wanchao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huacheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China Hei Long Jiang Province Key Lab of Research on Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Harbin 150081, China Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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