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Li E, Ai F, Liang C, Chen Q, Zhao Y, Xu K, Kong J. Latent profile analysis of depression in US adults with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1398669. [PMID: 38736623 PMCID: PMC11082792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study used latent profile analysis to explore the level of depression among US adults with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) symptoms and to identify different latent categories of depression to gain insight into the characteristic differences between these categories. Methods The data of this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, and the subjects with OSAHS symptoms were aged 18 years and older. The latent profile analysis (LPA) method was used to fit the latent depression categories in subjects with OSAHS symptoms. The chi-square test, rank sum test, and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of depression subgroups in subjects with OSAHS symptoms. Results Three latent profiles were identified: low-level (83.7%), moderate-level (14.5%) and high-level (1.8%) depression. The scores of 9 items in the high-level depression group were higher than those in the other two groups. Among them, item 4 "feeling tired or lack of energy" had the highest score in all categories. Conclusion Depression in subjects with OSAHS symptoms can be divided into low-level, moderate-level and high-level depression. There are significant differences among different levels of depression in gender, marital status, PIR, BMI, smoking, general health condition, sleep duration and OSAHS symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunguang Liang
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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2
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Tang L, Wang D, Bai Z, Zhu Y, Chen R. [Relationship between social support and depression among older people from elderly care social organizations in Anhui Province, China]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2022; 70:222-229. [PMID: 35933267 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between absent social support and depression among older adults from elderly care social organizations in Anhui Province, China. METHODS A cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was conducted in six selected cities of Anhui Province, China. A linear regression model was employed to estimate the association between absent social support and depression. RESULTS All in all, 1167 older people were included. Social support and the three dimensions studied were all negatively correlated with depression. These findings suggest that older people from elderly care organizations, who reported higher social support, were less likely to develop depression. This association also existed after stratified analysis in different areas: household (urban/rural), age and gender. DISCUSSION A higher level of social support was correlated with lower chances of experiencing depression. These findings are consistent with the majority of previous literature having reported on social support among elderly populations. However, some of our findings differ from those of other studies. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that improved social support could help to prevent depression among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Pediatric Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Danni Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhongliang Bai
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ren Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, 234000, China.
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3
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Civan Kahve A, Kaya H, Daylan Hİ, Ozpinar O, Goka E. Evaluation of Psychiatric Consultations of Elderly Hospitalized Patients: What are the Psychological Complaints and Diagnoses? ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yang J, Cheng Y, Wang R, Wang B. Association between early elevated phosphate and mortality among critically ill elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:208. [PMID: 35291970 PMCID: PMC8922731 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphate disturbances are relatively common in hospitalized patients, especially in critically ill patients. The abnormal phosphate levels may indicate an abnormal body condition. However, little is known about the association between elevated serum phosphate and outcome in critically ill elderly patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between early elevated phosphate and mortality in critically ill elderly patients. Methods The present study was a retrospective cohort study based on the medical information mart for intensive care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Patients with age ≥60 years old were enrolled in the present study. The primary outcome in the present study was ICU mortality. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between early elevated phosphate and ICU mortality in critically ill elderly patients. Results Twenty-four thousand two hundred eighty-nine patients were involved in this analysis and 2,417 patients died in ICU. The median age of involved patients was 78.4 (67.5, 82.9) years old. The median level of serum phosphate in the survivor group was 3.6 (3.0, 4.3) mg/dL, and the median level of serum phosphate in the non-survivor group was 4.4 (3.4, 5.8) mg/dL. The level of serum phosphate in the non-survivor group was significantly higher than the survivor group (4.4 vs. 3.6, P<0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression demonstrated that elevated phosphate was an independent risk factor for ICU mortality, after adjustment for other covariates (HR=1.056, 95%CI: 1.028-1.085, P<0.001). Conclusions In critically ill elderly patients, early elevated phosphate was significantly associated with increased ICU mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang St, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yisong Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang St, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ruoran Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang St, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Xiang St, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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Life satisfaction and depressive symptoms of mentally active older adults in Poland: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:466. [PMID: 34407761 PMCID: PMC8375194 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02405-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For older adults, life satisfaction and depressive symptoms are related to quality of life. In this group of society, life satisfaction is particularly associated with the emotional area. The notion of life satisfaction is related to many factors, such as personality traits, moods and various life events, and poses challenges in various aspects of everyday life. Given that mental health is one of the determinants of the quality of life of older adults, it is reasonable to conduct research among this growing group of the population. The aim of this study was to assess life satisfaction and depressive symptoms in mentally active older adults in Poland. Methods The study covered 125 attendees at the University of Healthy Senior (UHS) and 125 auditing students at the University of Psychogeriatric Prophylaxis (UPP), organised by the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Medical University of Bialystok, of whom 78.3% were female and 21.7% male. The study was conducted using four standardised scales: the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Beck Depression Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results Seniors who participated in the study were satisfied with their lives; the average SWLS score was 23 points. Men rated their level of satisfaction higher than women: the median score on the SWLS was 26 points for men and 23 points for women. Life satisfaction and mental disorders did not differ on the basis of sex, age, or education (the type of place of education attended). As the level of depression increased, life satisfaction decreased. Statistically significant correlations of average strength were found between the point values of the four measures of depression under consideration and were evenly distributed from 0.57 to 0.69. Conclusions The high level of life satisfaction and a low level of mental disorders should be maintained in this population, and additional educational activities should be organised among seniors on a large scale. There were no differences in the distribution of psychometric measure scores among the three compared age groups of respondents in this study. Each of the questionnaires used measured of different aspects of depressive conditions, and it is worth using them in parallel rather than interchangeably.
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Isik K, Cengiz Z, Doğan Z. The Relationship Between Self-Care Agency and Depression in Older Adults and Influencing Factors. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2020; 58:39-47. [PMID: 32845340 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20200817-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a significant mental health problem in older adults. There is a decrease in self-care agency and an increase in the prevalence of depression with aging. The current study was conducted to determine the relationship between self-care agency and depression in Turkish older adults aged ≥65 years (N = 473) and the influencing factors. Data were collected using a demographics questionnaire, the Self-Care Agency Scale, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Self-care agency was related to age, marital status, level of education, economic status, and persons lived with, and depression was related to gender, marital status, level of education, economic status, chronic disease, and persons lived with. A negative correlation was found between the scales. As the score of self-care agency increased, depression decreased. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(10), 39-47.].
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Borbón-Castro NA, Castro-Zamora AA, Cruz-Castruita RM, Banda-Sauceda NC, De La Cruz-Ortega MF. The Effects of a Multidimensional Exercise Program on Health Behavior and Biopsychological Factors in Mexican Older Adults. Front Psychol 2020; 10:2668. [PMID: 32038344 PMCID: PMC6993582 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The population of older adults is increasing worldwide, which brings attention to the importance of healthy aging. Adoption of healthy lifestyle activities such as participating in physical activity on a daily basis is key to maintaining physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in a 12-week multidimensional exercise program on health behavior and biopsychological factors of older adults living in Northeastern Mexico. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 45 older adults (35 females and 10 males; M = 67.24 ± 5.73 years). The participants were assigned to an experimental group (EG; n = 23) that participated in a 12-week exercise program and a control group (CG; n = 22). Pre- and post-analyses of the exercise intervention data were carried out to investigate the participants' health-related variables including physical activity levels, blood pressure, self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and blood lipids profiles. Results: The results indicated that the exercise intervention contributed to significant improvements in the older adults' health-related variables for the EG when contrasted with the control group. For instance, the EG significantly improved systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.027) blood pressure, blood lipids [e.g., cholesterol (p < 0.05)], triglycerides (p < 0.05), self-esteem (p < 0.005), and depressive symptoms (p < 0.002) as well as physical activity (p < 0.001) levels. The results also demonstrated that only those individuals in the EG diagnosed with disease benefited from improved self-esteem and physical activity levels when contrasted with their healthy counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosa María Cruz-Castruita
- Facultad de Organización Deportiva, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, México
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8
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Fattouh N, Hallit S, Salameh P, Choueiry G, Kazour F, Hallit R. Prevalence and factors affecting the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in hospitalized patients with a chronic disease. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:592-599. [PMID: 30825393 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the prevalence of psychological/mental disorders and determine the factors associated with them in hospitalized patients with chronic diseases. DESIGN AND METHODS This was as cross-sectional study. One hundred and fifty patients were randomly selected from one hospital having at least one chronic disease. FINDINGS The rate of depression, anxiety, and stress in our sample were 21.3%, 61.3%, and 48.7%, respectively. Benign prostate hypertrophy, dysthyroidism, avoidance of thoughts and feelings as a coping mechanism, and a longer hospital stay were associated with higher depression. Hypertension, female gender, and a higher education level were associated with higher anxiety. Female gender and a longer stay in hospital were predictors of stress. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Hospitalized patients with chronic illnesses have high levels of psychological distress, showing the importance of getting psychological counseling in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Fattouh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Sante Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Georges Choueiry
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Francois Kazour
- Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Holy Spirit University, Kaslik, Lebanon.,Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,INSERM U930, équipe 4 "Troubles affectifs", Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Parc de Grandmont, Tours, France.,Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
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Borglin G, Räthel K, Paulsson H, Sjögren Forss K. Registered nurses experiences of managing depressive symptoms at care centres for older people: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC Nurs 2019; 18:43. [PMID: 31516384 PMCID: PMC6728937 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-019-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms and/or depression are commonly experienced by older people. Both are underdiagnosed, undertreated and regularly overlooked by healthcare professionals. Healthcare facilities for people aged ≥75 years have been in place in Sweden since 2015. The aim of these care centres, which are managed by registered nurses (RNs), is to offer care adjusted to cater to the complex needs and health problems of older people. Although the mental health of older people is prioritised in these centres, research into the experience of RNs of depressive symptoms and/or depression in older people in this setting is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to illuminate RNs, working at care centres for older people, experience of identifying and intervening in cases of depressive symptoms. Methods The data for this qualitative descriptive study were collected through interviews (n = 10) with RNs working at 10 care centres for older people in southern Sweden. The transcribed texts were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The participants’ experiences could be understood from four predominant themes: (1) challenging to identify, (2) described interventions, (3) prerequisites for identification, and (4) contextual influences. Key findings were that it was difficult to identify depression as it often manifested as physical symptoms; evidence-based nursing interventions were generally not the first-line treatment used; trust, continuity and the ability of RNs to think laterally; and the context influenced the ability of RNs to manage older people’s depressive symptoms and/or depression. Conclusions The process of identifying depressive symptoms and performing an appropriate intervention was found to be complex, especially as older people were reluctant to present at the centres and provided obscure reasons for doing so. A nurse-patient relationship that was built on trust and was characterised by continuity of care was identified as a necessary prerequisite. Appropriate nursing interventions—afforded the same status as pharmacological treatment—are warranted as the first-line treatment of depression. Further research is also needed into efficacious nursing interventions targeting depressive symptoms and/or depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Borglin
- 1Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden.,2Department of Nursing Education, Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Räthel
- 3Department of Geriatric, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Paulsson
- Åstorp Primary Care Centre, Region Skåne, SE-265 34 Åstorp, Sweden
| | - Katarina Sjögren Forss
- 1Department of Care Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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Belchior P, Yam A, Thomas KR, Bavelier D, Ball KK, Mann WC, Marsiske M. Computer and Videogame Interventions for Older Adults' Cognitive and Everyday Functioning. Games Health J 2019; 8:129-143. [PMID: 30273002 PMCID: PMC6482895 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2017.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared older adults' gains in cognitive and everyday functioning after a 60-session home-based videogame intervention with gains seen under formal cognitive training and usual care/no intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were randomized to one of three groups: one group played an off-the-shelf videogame (i.e., Crazy Taxi), the second group engaged in a computerized training program focused on visual attention and processing speed (i.e., PositScience InSight), and the third group received no training. Training in the two intervention conditions consisted of 60 training sessions of 1 hour each, which were completed in 3 months (5 hours a week). Participants received a broad battery of cognitive and everyday functioning assessments immediately before (pretest), after (post-test), and 3 months after (follow-up) training. RESULTS Both training conditions improved on direct assessments of trained outcomes. In the InSight-trained group, we found transfer to untrained measures of visual attention and processing speed that were similar to the trained tasks, and these gains endured for up to 3 months. Participants in the videogame condition showed small additional benefits, not emerging until 3 months after intervention completion, on a measure of both attention and mood. No trained groups showed gain on visuospatial skills or memory. CONCLUSION Training effects were highly specific to the target of training. Training effects to visual attention and processing speed were, as expected, larger for InSight-trained participants but were also seen for videogame participants. Given that past research has shown that videogame training leads to greater engagement than cognitive training, videogame interventions may represent a choice for more modest gains in a more engaging context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Belchior
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal; Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Yam
- Kaiser Permanent Medical Center; Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Daphne Bavelier
- Neuroscience Center; University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karlene K. Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William C. Mann
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Masoumi SZ, Kazemi F, Khani S, Seifpanahi-Shabani H, Garousian M, Ghabeshi M, Razmara F, Roshanaei G. Evaluating the Effect of Cardiac Rehabilitation Care Plan on Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.21859/ijcp-020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Alamri SH, Bari AI, Ali AT. Depression and associated factors in hospitalized elderly: a cross-sectional study in a Saudi teaching hospital. Ann Saudi Med 2017; 37:122-129. [PMID: 28377541 PMCID: PMC6150550 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2017.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression in the elderly is a serious and often underdiagnosed psychiatric disorder that has been linked to adverse outcomes in the hospital setting. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of depression and possible associated factors among hospitalized elderly. DESIGN An analytical cross-sectional study. SETTINGS Medical and surgical wards of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 200 consecutively hospitalized patients aged 60 years and older. Participants were evaluated within 48 hours of admission using an interviewer-administered question-naire to provide basic demographic and clinical information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) screening method and the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) mood disorder module. RESULTS According to PHQ-9, 17% and 10.5% of the hospitalized patients were diagnosed with a major depressive disorder and other depressive disorders, respectively. The DSM-5 criteria identified 12% of elderly with major depression. Overall, the number of comorbidities associated with depression was signifi-cantly higher in the major depressive disorder group than in the no depression group (post hoc P=.022). Depression was also associated with female gender, unmarried status, lower income, and polypharmacy. In addition, cardiovascular disease and cancer were the most prevalent medical illnesses associated with depression among hospitalized elderly. CONCLUSION Major depressive disorder was prevalent among hospitalized elderly, especially among those with comorbid conditions. Hospital physicians must, therefore, maintain a high index of suspicion to identify early and manage depressive symptoms in these patients. LIMITATION The small size of certain subgroups limits the statistical power to examine for associations of depression with particular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Hassan Alamri
- Dr. Sultan Hassan Alamri, King Abdulaziz University,, Abdullah Sulayman,, Jeddah, Makkah, 21441,, Saudi Arabia, , T:+966126952000 ext 21037, ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4991-6223
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IsHak WW, Collison K, Danovitch I, Shek L, Kharazi P, Kim T, Jaffer KY, Naghdechi L, Lopez E, Nuckols T. Screening for depression in hospitalized medical patients. J Hosp Med 2017; 12:118-125. [PMID: 28182810 DOI: 10.12788/jhm.2693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Depression among hospitalized patients is often unrecognized, undiagnosed, and therefore untreated. Little is known about the feasibility of screening for depression during hospitalization, or whether depression is associated with poorer outcomes, longer hospital stays, and higher readmission rates. We searched PubMed and PsycINFO for published, peer-reviewed articles in English (1990-2016) using search terms designed to capture studies that tested the performance of depression screening tools in inpatient settings and studies that examined associations between depression detected during hospitalization and clinical or utilization outcomes. Two investigators reviewed each full-text article and extracted data. The prevalence of depression ranged from 5% to 60%, with a median of 33%, among hospitalized patients. Several screening tools identified showed high sensitivity and specificity, even when self-administered by patients or when abbreviated versions were administered by individuals without formal training. With regard to outcomes, studies from several individual hospitals found depression to be associated with poorer functional outcomes, worse physical health, and returns to the hospital after discharge. These findings suggest that depression screening may be feasible in the inpatient setting, and that more research is warranted to determine whether screening for and treating depression during hospitalization can improve patient outcomes. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2017;12:118-125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waguih William IsHak
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Collison
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Itai Danovitch
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lili Shek
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Payam Kharazi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tae Kim
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Western University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karim Y Jaffer
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Cairo University School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt, USA
| | - Lancer Naghdechi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Western University, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrique Lopez
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teryl Nuckols
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Yanzón de la Torre A, Oliva N, Echevarrieta PL, Pérez BG, Caporusso GB, Titaro AJ, Todaro Kicyla A, Cuatz M, Locatelli M, Nelson LM, Mac Mullen M, Baldessarini RJ, Daray FM. Major depression in hospitalized Argentine general medical patients: Prevalence and risk factors. J Affect Disord 2016; 197:36-42. [PMID: 26967917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is not uncommon among medically hospitalized patients, though reported prevalence has varied widely, often in samples involving elderly patients with particular illnesses. Accordingly, we evaluated risk of major depression in three metropolitan general hospitals in Buenos Aires, in subjects with a range of medical disorders and ages, comparing several standard screening methods to expert clinical examinations. METHODS Consecutively hospitalized general medical patients were evaluated over a six-months. Excluded were subjects under age 18 and those unable to participate in assessments because of illness, medication, sensory or speech impairment, or lack of language fluency, or scored <25 on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Consenting participants were examined for DSM-IV-TR major depression by psychiatrists guided by MINI examinations, compared with other standard screening methods. Risk factors were assessed by preliminary bivariate analyses followed by multivariate logistic regression modeling. RESULTS Overall prevalence of major depression in 257 subjects was 27% by psychiatric examination. The rate was most similar (25%) with the Hospital Anxiety & Depression Scale (HADS), and much higher with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI, 44%) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ, 56%). Factors associated independently with depression by multivariate modeling included: prior psychotropic-drug treatment, female sex, more children, and heavy smoking. Depression was associated most with neoplastic, urological, and infectious disorders, least with pulmonary, neurological, and hematologic conditions. LIMITATIONS Modest numbers limited power to test for associations of depression with specific medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS Major depression was identified in over one-quarter of Argentine, general medical inpatients, with marked differences among screening methods. Several risk factors were identified. The findings encourage assertive identification of depression in hospitalized medical patients using valid, reliable, and cost-effective means of improving their care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Oliva
- Hospital General de Agudos Bernardino Rivadavia, CABA, Argentina
| | | | - Bibiana G Pérez
- Hospital Municipal Bernardo A. Houssay, Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Anabella J Titaro
- Hospital Interzonal De Agudos Eva Perón, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Cuatz
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Lucila M Nelson
- Hospital General de Agudos Bernardino Rivadavia, CABA, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Mac Mullen
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ross J Baldessarini
- International Consortium for Mood & Psychotic Disorders Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Federico M Daray
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Park H, Hwangbo Y, Lee YJ, Jang EC, Han W. Employment and occupation effects on late-life depressive symptoms among older Koreans: a cross-sectional population survey. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28:22. [PMID: 27182442 PMCID: PMC4867082 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-016-0107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study investigated the prevalence of depressive symptoms in older Koreans and identified associations between depressive symptoms and occupational factors. Methods Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012) were used to analyze 7320 participants aged 55 years or older. Complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed after adjusting general characteristics to determine associations between depressive symptoms and occupational factors. Results Among older Korean men, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the employed and the non-employed groups were 9.9 % and 13.7 %, respectively. Employment status was significantly associated with depressive symptoms after adjusting for general factors (OR: 0.69, 95 % CI: 0.49–0.97). Among older Korean women, the prevalence of depressive symptoms in the employed and the non-employed groups were 17.4 % and 20.3 %, respectively, but employment status was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Second skill level occupational groups (clerks, plant and machine operators) in particular showed significantly lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than the non-employed group of men (9.3 % vs 13.7 %). By occupation type, the odds ratios were 0.31 (95 % CI: 0.10–0.97, clerks) and 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.23–0.86, plant and machine operators) adjusting for general factors. Conclusions The employed group showed lower late-life depressive symptom prevalence than the non-employed group among older Korean men. In addition some second skill level occupations (clerks, plant and machine operators) were significantly associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms after adjusting for general factors in older Korean men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwangbo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 31, Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Chul Jang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930 Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31, Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 330-930 Republic of Korea
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Waterworth S, Arroll B, Raphael D, Parsons J, Gott M. A qualitative study of nurses' clinical experience in recognising low mood and depression in older patients with multiple long-term conditions. J Clin Nurs 2015; 24:2562-70. [PMID: 25988594 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore how nurses' recognise depression in older patients with multiple long-term conditions and the strategies they use to support the patient. BACKGROUND Depression decreases an older person's quality of life and sense of wellness, and increases functional impairment. The positive role of nurses working with patients with long-term conditions is now being recognised internationally; however, there is a gap in the research about how nurses recognise depression in older patients and how this impacts on their practice. DESIGN This is a qualitative study informed by a constructivist grounded theory approach. METHODS In-depth telephone interviews were conducted with 40 nurses working in geographically diverse areas in New Zealand. RESULTS Having the conversation with older patients about their low moods, or specifically about depression was not something that all the nurses had, or felt they could have. While some nurses knew they could provide specific advice to patients, others believed this was not their responsibility, or within the scope of their role. CONCLUSION Faced with an increasing number of older people with long-term conditions, one of which maybe depression itself or as a result of living with other long-term conditions, ongoing monitoring and support pathways are necessary to prevent further decline in the older person's quality of life and well-being. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Nurses in primary health care can build on current knowledge and skills to increase their capability to promote 'ageing well' with older people who have long-term conditions and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Waterworth
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Arroll
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Deborah Raphael
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Parsons
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Merryn Gott
- School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Lin JH, Huang MW, Wang DW, Chen YM, Lin CS, Tang YJ, Yang SH, Lane HY. Late-life depression and quality of life in a geriatric evaluation and management unit: an exploratory study. BMC Geriatr 2014; 14:77. [PMID: 24941865 PMCID: PMC4085690 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2318-14-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-life depression is common among elderly patients. Ignorance of the health problem, either because of under-diagnosis or under-treatment, causes additional medical cost and comorbidity. For a better health and quality of life (QoL), evaluation, prevention and treatment of late-life depression in elderly patients is essential. Methods This study examined (1) the differences of clinical characteristics, degree of improvement on QoL and functionality on discharge between non-depressed and depressed elderly inpatients and (2) factors associated with QoL on discharge. Four hundred and seventy-one elderly inpatients admitted to a geriatric evaluation and management unit (GEMU) from 2009 to 2010 were enrolled in this study. Comprehensive geriatric assessment including the activities of daily living (ADL), geriatric depression scale, and mini-mental state examination were conducted. QoL was assessed using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions Visual Analog Scale on discharge. Information on hospital stay and Charlson comorbidity index were obtained by chart review. Chi-square tests, independent t-tests, Mann–Whitney U tests and multiple linear regressions were used in statistical analysis. Results Worse QoL and ADL on discharge were found among the depressed. Depressive symptoms, female gender, duration of hospital stay, and rehabilitation were significant factors affecting QoL on discharge in linear regression models. Conclusions The importance of the diagnosis and treatment of depression among elderly inpatients should not be overlooked during hospital stay and after discharge. Greater efforts should be made to improve intervention with depressed elderly inpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hsien-Yuan Lane
- China Medical University, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, No, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Helvik AS, Engedal K, Selbæk G. Sense of coherence and quality of life in older in-hospital patients without cognitive impairment--a 12 month follow-up study. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:82. [PMID: 24645676 PMCID: PMC3995424 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between sense of coherence (SOC) and quality of life (QoL) among older persons has been found in some, but not all, studies and mostly in studies with cross-sectional design. We wanted to study if SOC was associated with domains of QoL at hospitalization and one year later among persons 65 years and above without cognitive impairment. METHOD At hospitalization (T1) and 12 month follow-up (T2) QoL and cognitive status were assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF and the Mini-Mental State Examination. At baseline, the 13-item version of the SOC scale was used to assess coping, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. Level of functioning was rated using Lawton and Brody's scales for physical self-maintenance and instrumental activities of daily living (personal and instrumental ADL). RESULTS In total, 165 (80 men) persons with a mean age of 77.7 (SD 6.9) years were included. The proportion of people rating their overall QoL as high had decreased from T1 to T2. The mean score on QoL- physical domain had increased, while the mean score of QoL-environmental domain had decreased. In adjusted regression analyses at T1, a high level of SOC was positively associated with QoL in three of four domains, i.e. physical, psychological and environmental, but level of SOC assessed at T1 was not associated with any domain of QoL at T2. Personal ADL was associated with some domains of QOL at T1 and T2. CONCLUSION The SOC level was associated with older adult's QoL during hospitalization but not their QoL one year after the hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Institutt for samfunns medisin, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Postboks 8905, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
| | - Knut Engedal
- National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway,Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway
| | - Geir Selbæk
- National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway,Centre for Old Age Psychiatric Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Ottestad, Norway,Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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19
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Mello IT, Ashcraft AS. The meaning in life for patients recently hospitalized with congestive heart failure. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2014; 26:70-76. [DOI: 10.1002/2327-6924.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Tripp JC, Skidmore JR, Cui R, Tate SR. Impact of Physical Health on Treatment for Co-occurring Depression and Substance Dependence. J Dual Diagn 2013; 9:10.1080/15504263.2013.806111. [PMID: 24223036 PMCID: PMC3821391 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2013.806111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a high rate of comorbidity among substance dependence, depression, and physical health problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of pre-treatment physical health stressors (acute and chronic conditions) on outcomes of treatment in a sample of veterans with dual disorders (depression and substance dependence) who were randomized to integrated cognitive behavioral therapy versus 12-Step interventions. METHODS This study included 205 veterans (89.8% male, mean age = 49.5 years) enrolled in a clinical treatment outcomes trial. Chronic health problems (persistent, ongoing conditions lasting 2 weeks or more; e.g., arthritis, diabetes) and acute health events (occurring on a discrete date; e.g., injury, surgery, myocardial infarction) were coded dichotomously (presence versus absence) and evaluated separately. The impact of physical health stressors on abstinence (defined dichotomously), percentage of days abstinent, and depression symptoms were analyzed at the end of 12 and 24 weeks of treatment. Additionally, associations between intake motivation to change, health stressors, and substance use were examined. RESULTS Analyses revealed that participants who had experienced a pretreatment acute health event had higher rates of abstinence at 12-weeks, higher percentage of days abstinent at 24-weeks, and higher depression symptoms at intake. Participants with chronic health difficulties had more severe depression at intake and those participants with severe chronic difficulties had greater depression symptoms across all time points. Chronic health difficulties were related to the Taking Steps factor of motivation to change substance use, but acute health events were not related to motivation to change. Motivation to change was also not related to substance outcomes in our sample. CONCLUSIONS Physical health appears to have a complex relationship with co-occurring depression and substance dependence. Acute health problems predicted lower substance use, whereas chronic health problems were associated with higher depression levels. Explicitly addressing the connection between substance use and health events during treatment may improve addiction treatment outcomes. However, individuals with chronic health problems may benefit from extending treatment or adjunct strategies focused on addressing chronic health concerns. This is an analysis of data collected as part of a clinical trial registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00108407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Tripp
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA ; The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Demir M, Unsar S. Assessment of quality of life and activities of daily living in Turkish patients with heart failure. Int J Nurs Pract 2011; 17:607-14. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2011.01980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Helvik AS, Engedal K, Krokstad S, Selbæk G. A comparison of life satisfaction in elderly medical inpatients and the elderly in a population-based study: Nord-Trondelag Health Study 3. Scand J Public Health 2011; 39:337-44. [PMID: 21459872 DOI: 10.1177/1403494811405093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the quality of life (QOL) in terms of overall life satisfaction in elderly medical inpatients and elderly persons in a large population-based study in Norway, and to study the odds for dissatisfaction, controlling for demographic, health, and social variables. METHODS This cross-sectional observation study included 484 medical inpatients and 10,474 persons from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study 3 (HUNT 3 Study). All participants were 65 years and older. Their life satisfaction was assessed with a single-item measure with seven response categories. For analytical purposes the variable was dichotomised; i.e. dissatisfied vs. satisfied with life. RESULTS In the logistic regression analysis controlled for demographic, health, and social variables, the odds for experiencing dissatisfaction with life was significantly increased in the hospital sample compared to the participants in the population-based study (OR 1.4). Poor general health, depression, and anxiety were strongly associated with being dissatisfied with life. Furthermore, disability, previous psychological distress, having no friends who could help, and not participating in activities were all associated with dissatisfaction with life. CONCLUSIONS The hospitalisation of the elderly has implications for the QOL in terms of life satisfaction, but general physical and psychological health seems to have an even stronger impact on life satisfaction. The prevention of the deterioration of physical and mental health in old age seems to be essential for a good life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Helvik
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Mitchell AJ, Kakkadasam V. Ability of nurses to identify depression in primary care, secondary care and nursing homes--a meta-analysis of routine clinical accuracy. Int J Nurs Stud 2010; 48:359-68. [PMID: 20580001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 05/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the ability of nurses and nursing assistants working in primary care, secondary care and nursing homes to identify depressed individuals using their clinical skills using meta-analysis of published studies. METHODS Literature search, appraisal and meta-analysis. We located 22 studies reporting on the detection of depression, 4 involving primary care or community nurses; 7 involving hospital nurses and 11 from nursing homes.17 of 22 studies had specificity data. RESULTS Across all 22 studies involving 7061 individuals, and a prevalence of 28.1% (95% CI=22.6-33.9%), practice and community nurses correctly identified 26.3% (95% CI=16.2-37.8%) of people with depression. They also correctly identified 94.8% (95% CI=91.3-97.4%) of the non-depressed. Nurses working in hospital settings correctly identified 43.1% (95% CI=31.9-54.8%) of people with depression and 79.6% (95% CI=71.5-86.7%) of the non-depressed. Those working in nursing homes correctly identified 45.8% (95% CI=38.1-53.6%) of people with depression and 80.0% (95% CI=68.6-88.7%) of the non-depressed. CONCLUSIONS Nurses have considerable difficulty accurately identifying depression but are probably at least as accurate as medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Mitchell
- Liaison Psychiatry, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester LE5 4PW, United Kingdom.
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