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Yoon S. Elder abuse victimization, mental health, and protective factors. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1334-1342. [PMID: 38497252 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2024.2326992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the association between elder abuse and depressive symptoms, as well as protective factors against adverse mental health outcomes from elder abuse. METHODS Participants were drawn from the 5928 graduates of the WLS, Wave 3 study (age range 70-73) who completed both in-person and telephone interviews. From this large group, 975 (16.4%) participants reported having experienced elder abuse and were included in the sample. Path analysis using Mplus was employed. RESULTS Elder abuse victimization was significantly associated with depressive symptoms, and those who had suffered multiple types of elder abuse experienced more severe mental health outcomes. However, both light physical activity conducted alone and having a friend as a confidant were negatively associated with depressive symptoms among older adults who had experienced elder abuse. CONCLUSION Given the significant association between elder abuse and negative mental health outcomes among older survivors, screening and prevention programs are recommended. Older adults who have experienced elder abuse may benefit from programs designed to increase physical activity and help older adults build and maintain close relationships with friends and confidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyung Yoon
- Division of Social Work, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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Yalçın Gürsoy M, Uçan Yamaç S. Elder abuse, depression, anxiety, and stress in community-dwelling older adults. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:336-344. [PMID: 38237963 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elder abuse as an important public health issue is associated in the literature with various physical and psychological symptoms. The aim of the study is to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress in the elderly living in the community. METHOD The cross-sectional study was completed with 729 older people. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview and a survey form. The Geriatric Mistreatment Scale (GMS) was used to evaluate elder abuse and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress. RESULTS Of the participants, 20.9% were exposed to at least one type of abuse, 9.2% experienced physical abuse, 18.2% experienced psychological abuse, 4.4% experienced neglect, and 7.0% had financial abuse. The general prevalence of moderate to very severe depression, anxiety, and stress among the elderly was respectively 17.1%, 16%, and 10%. As a result of multivariate analysis it was determined that neglect (t = 6245; ß = 4952) and economic abuse (t = 3865; ß = 3350) had statistically significant effects on depression; psychological abuse (t = 2924; ß = 0,992), economic abuse (t = 3127; ß = 3517) and neglect (t = 5913; ß = 4810) had statistically significant effects on anxiety, while psychological (t = 5023; ß = 1756) and economic abuse (t = 5719; ß = 5238) had statistically significant effects on stress (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION As a result of the study, it was seen that the prevalence of abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress was high in the elderly. There was also a strong relationship between types of elder abuse and depression, anxiety, and stress. It is recommended that health professionals working with older people to screen them for types of abuse and mental symptoms with the help of appropriate screening tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Yalçın Gürsoy
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sabriye Uçan Yamaç
- Bucak Health School, Department of Midwifery, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
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Yang Y, Huang J, Wang M, Wang F, Luo H, Fan B, Huang Y, Xu W, Zheng C, Zhang M. The domestic elder abuse in China: Scale development and psychometric properties. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:7-13. [PMID: 38185005 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
An effective screening tool is essential to elder abuse research. Although several instruments have been developed in China to measure elder abuse, they present several limitations. The instrument development involved three components: (1) generating questionnaire items; (2) questionnaire testing and data collection in older adults; and (3) psychometric evaluation of the Domestic Elder Abuse Scale (DEAS). We collected questionnaire responses from 3725 community-dwelling Chinese older adults. The 26-item DEAS showed good reliability and validity across five dimensions: physical abuse, psychological abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and abandonment. These five factors accounted for 78.432 % of the total variance, and model fitting results were acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.975, and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.934 after 2 weeks. This study developed a five-dimension instrument to measure elder abuse, with good psychometric properties, which can play an essential role in community-based studies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqin Yang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Wang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyun Luo
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bingjie Fan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiru Huang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenxian Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chonghao Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lucheng District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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4
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Elder abuse among Chinese older adults: global lessons. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:689-690. [PMID: 35287779 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610222000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Effect of physical frailty on elder mistreatment in a national survey: examining psychological vulnerability, housework involvement, and financial independence as mediators. Int Psychogeriatr 2022; 34:743-753. [PMID: 34127165 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610221000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the prevalence of EM in an older Chinese population and examine the mediating role of three psychosocial variables - psychological vulnerability, housework involvement, and financial independence - in the relationship between physical frailty and EM. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING The data source was the Third Survey on Chinese Women's Social Status (SCSSW), which is a nationwide decennial survey conducted in 2010. PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults aged 60 and older who participated in SCSSW (N = 3516). MEASUREMENTS The past-year prevalence of EM and its seven subtypes, physical frailty, psychological vulnerability, housework involvement, financial independence, and demographic characteristics. RESULTS The past-year prevalence of EM was 4% among Chinese older adults, with psychological abuse being the most common subtype (3.9%). A higher level of physical frailty had a direct influence on EM. Older adults with higher levels of physical frailty were more likely to have higher levels of psychological vulnerability (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness) and lower levels of housework involvement, which further correlated with increased risk of EM. Frail Chinese older adults were less likely to have financial independence, which in turn, surprisingly predicted a lower probability of EM. CONCLUSIONS In this nationally representative sample, we provided the first evidence of the prevalence of EM among Chinese older adults and expanded the global understanding of EM by examining the mediating role of three psychosocial variables. Future studies are warranted to corroborate our findings and identify factors contributing to the complex mechanism of EM.
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Wolde A, Wolancho W, Belay Y, Alemu A, Asefa A, Gebremedhin T. A Community-Based Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Abuse Perpetration or Victimization Among Elders in Ethiopia, 2022. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:957-969. [PMID: 35730042 PMCID: PMC9206848 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s360548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elderly abuse and comorbid problematic substance use, disability, and physical and mental illness have been major problems in low-income countries. In most countries, the elderly are the most neglected segment of the population, and there is insufficient information about elderly abuse perpetration or victimization in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess elderly abuse perpetration or victimization among the elderly in Mizan Aman town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 268 elderly people from May to June, 2021, by using a systematic sampling technique. The elderly abuse and the ASSIST tools were used to assess the elderly abuse and khat, alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders, respectively. Moreover, multimorbidity and physical disability were also assessed. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23. A logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of elderly abuse. Results The prevalence of elder abuse was 41.8%, and the prevalence of poly substance, alcohol, khat, and tobacco use disorder was 32.5%, 19.4%, 12%, and 4.5%, respectively. Besides, the comorbidity of physical disability and multiple chronic diseases was 8% and 24.6%, respectively. Moreover, physical disability (AOR = 5.652, CI = 1.459, 21.894), multimorbidity (AOR = 3.972, CI = 1.898, 8.314), substance use disorder (AOR = 3.877, CI = 1.814, 8.286), age above 80 years (AOR = 8.452, CI = 2.273, 31.425), and poor social support (AOR = 3.372, CI = 1.043, 10.903) were positively associated with elderly abuse. Conclusion The magnitude of elder abuse and comorbid multimorbidity, physical disability, and substance use disorder was high, and having multiple chronic diseases, physical disability, substance use disorder, advanced age, and poor social support were risk factors for elderly abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Wolde
- Department of Psychiatry, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Wadu Wolancho
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshitila Belay
- Department of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Asamirew Alemu
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenaf Asefa
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
| | - Tsehaye Gebremedhin
- Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Aman, South West Regional State, Ethiopia
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Mendes F, Pereira J, Zangão O, Pereira C, Bravo J. The relationship between depression and risk of violence in portuguese community-dwelling older people. BMC Public Health 2022; 21:2335. [PMID: 35668412 PMCID: PMC9171927 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are highly prevalent in older people, being depression a predominant disorder. Evidence points to a possible relationship between depression and violence against older people. Nonetheless, the role of the depressive symptomology severity in the risk of violence against older people remains unclear. Thus, this study's main objective was to analyze the relationship between geriatric depressive symptomatology and the risk of violence against older people. METHODS This exploratory study involved 502 community-dwelling older persons aged 65 to 96 years (73.3 ± 6.5). Measures were performed using the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Risk Assessment of Violence against the Non-Institutionalized Elderly scale. RESULTS One hundred nineteen older people (23.7%) had mild/moderate depressive symptomology, and twenty-six (5.2%) had severe depressive symptomology. There were significant relationships between the severity of depressive symptomatology and the risk of violence (p < 0.05). The presence of depressive symptomatology increased the likelihood of being victims of violence, particularly among women (odds ratio: 2-8, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The severity of depressive symptomatology plays an essential role in the risk of violence against community-dwelling older people. Moreover, it was found that older persons with depression symptomatology were at higher risk of being victims of violence. Our study findings support the need for protective measures within mental health national or regional policies to prevent depression and violence against community-dwelling older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felismina Mendes
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Sr. da Pobreza 2B, Évora, Évora, Portugal.
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal.
| | - Joana Pereira
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Sr. da Pobreza 2B, Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Otília Zangão
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, Largo do Sr. da Pobreza 2B, Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pereira
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Bravo
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais 2, Évora, Portugal
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Chandanshive P, Subba SH, Parida SP, Mishra S. Prevalence patterns and associated factors of elder abuse in an urban slum of eastern India. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:317. [PMID: 35410152 PMCID: PMC8996550 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-02986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of elder abuse in various parts of the world has been reported between 2.2 and 90.4%. According to some studies conducted in India, elder abuse prevalence ranges between 9.6 to 61.7%. Yet, elder abuse is an underreported issue. Most available evidence shows the involvement of close family members and caregivers in the abuse of older adults. Several factors associated with various forms of elder abuse need to be studied further. This study has attempted to capture the prevalence, pattern and associated factors of elder abuse in urban slums. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted between August 2019 to August 2020 in an urban field practice area of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. It covers four wards of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation, served by the Urban Primary Health Centre, IRC Village, Nayapalli. A total of 360 participants aged 60 years and above were included in this study. They were interviewed using various semi-structured interview schedules. Validated study tools such as Activities of Daily Living (ADL- Barthel Index), Hindi Mental Scale Examination (HMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) were also used to assess various factors. RESULTS Approximately one in five (19.4%) older adults reported some form of abuse. The types of elder abuse reported were physical abuse in 12 (3.3%), verbal abuse in 25 (6.9%), emotional abuse in 40 (11.1%), and financial abuse in 15 (4.2%) older adult participants. The sons and daughters-in-law of the older adult participants were the main perpetrators of abuse reported. Depression and past history of abuse were found significantly associated with any type of abuse. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of elder abuse in this study was considerably high, with 70 (19.4%) out of the 360 participants reporting some form of abuse. Emotional abuse was the most reported, and physical abuse was the least reported type. The most common perpetrators were those on whom the older adults depended, like their sons and daughters-in-law.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya Chandanshive
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 3rd floor, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Sonu H Subba
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 3rd floor, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Swayam Pragyan Parida
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 3rd floor, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India.
| | - Shree Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Crowder J, Burnett C, Byon HD, Laughon K, Acierno R, Yan G, Hinton I, Teaster PB. Exploration and Comparison of Contextual Characteristics and Mistreatment Prevalence Among Older American Indian and Alaska Native Respondents: Secondary Analysis of the National Elder Mistreatment Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:1456-1483. [PMID: 32478601 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520922356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited research on elder abuse among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) suggests a higher prevalence of abuse. Using data from the National Elder Mistreatment Study (NEMS), we compared contextual characteristics and elder mistreatment prevalence rates from a community-based sample of AIAN (n = 195) and Black (n = 437) and White (n = 5,013) respondents. There were differences in the prevalence of 16 abuse types and the 23 contextual variables. AIAN respondents had more similarities compared with Black respondents than White respondents, though differences existed. The cumulative prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual mistreatment in the past year, neglect, and financial abuse by a family member for the AIAN group was 33%, almost double the 17.1% reported in the NEMS study. Over their lifetime, 29.7% of AIAN respondents reported experiencing two or more types of neglect, exploitation, or mistreatment. Almost one fourth of AIAN respondents reported emotional abuse since 60 years of age (the most commonly occurring abuse type)-nearly double that of White respondents. This is the first study to offer comparative prevalence of elder abuse for both AIAN older males and females that draws from a nationally representative sample. The study also provides descriptive analysis of important contextual information within the AIAN population, an underrepresented racial group in elder abuse research. Disaggregating nonmajority racial groups to examine contextual variables and the prevalence of elder mistreatment in the NEMS data set specific to AIAN respondents fills a knowledge gap. Known prevalence of various abuse typologies among AIAN elders can be useful in setting priorities for community planning and response, and in prioritization of funding for future research on causative mechanisms by abuse type, screening, and interventions at various levels. Findings may facilitate development of culturally specific evidence-based prevention and intervention practices aimed at needs specific to AIAN older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ha Do Byon
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Ronald Acierno
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Guofen Yan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Pamela B Teaster
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA
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Wong JS, Howe MJK, Breslau H, Wroblewski KE, McSorley VE, Waite LJ. Elder Mistreatment Methods and Measures in Round 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:S287-S298. [PMID: 34918146 PMCID: PMC8678432 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elder mistreatment has negative consequences for older adults' health and well-being. As such, scholars aim to understand its causes, the contexts in which it occurs, how to prevent victimization, and how to design interventions for mistreated older adults. This paper provides a detailed overview of the 2015-2016 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) Round 3 Elder Mistreatment Module (EMM) to encourage further research on the topic. METHOD This paper reviews previous elder mistreatment scholarship, describes the EMM, provides descriptive analyses of elder mistreatment among community-dwelling older adults, and discusses promising approaches and limitations to future research with these data. RESULTS The EMM includes 10 stem questions to measure elder mistreatment behaviors experienced since age 60 and 2 follow-up questions about perceived severity and the identity of the perpetrator. The stem questions can be analyzed individually or combined into a scale, and researchers can account for severity as a robustness check. Analysts can also group the measures into specific types of elder mistreatment. A major strength of the EMM is its ability to identify perpetrators in victims' core social networks. DISCUSSION The NSHAP Round 3 EMM provides scholars an opportunity to study older Americans' mistreatment experiences, particularly as they relate to their physical and mental health, their social networks and personal relationships, and their broader social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Wong
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA
| | - Melissa J K Howe
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hannah Breslau
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - V Eloesa McSorley
- Rush University Medical Center, Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Linda J Waite
- Academic Research Centers, NORC at the University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Sociology, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lee YJ, Kim Y, Park JI. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Elder Abuse in Community-Dwelling Elderly in Korea: Mediation Effects of Social Support. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:1044-1049. [PMID: 34500511 PMCID: PMC8600220 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to investigate the factors associated with elder abuse and the mediation effects of social support in a community-dwelling elderly population in Korea. METHODS This study analyzed a dataset of 10,674 individuals aged 65 years and older in Korea. Data were reviewed from a study conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2011. RESULTS In our study, 12.6% of the elderly reported elder abuse, and 29.2% reported having depression (a score ≥8 on the short version geriatric depression scale). Our results revealed that younger age, low economic status, poor social support (odds ratio [OR]=1.448) and depression (OR=2.039) were significantly associated with elder abuse after controlling for all confounding factors. In addition, mediation analysis showed that the OR for depression was reduced from 2.124 to 2.039 after social support was controlled, which indicates that the association between depression and elder abuse is partially mediated by social support. CONCLUSION Depression and lack of social support were associated with abuse in community-dwelling Korean elderly. In particular, social support was revealed to buffer the association between depression and elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Sinha D, Mishra PS, Srivastava S, Kumar P. Socio-economic inequality in the prevalence of violence against older adults - findings from India. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 34016039 PMCID: PMC8135164 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence against older adults is a well-recognised socio-psychological and public health problem. It is uncared-for, undiagnosed, and an untreated problem that is widespread across both developed and developing countries. The present paper aims to understand the extent of the socio-economic status related inequality in violence against older adults in India. METHODS The study uses data from Building a Knowledge Base on Population Aging in India (BKPAI). Violence against older adults is the outcome variable for the study and is defined as older adults who faced any abuse or violence or neglect or disrespect by any person. Bivariate analysis and regression-based decomposition technique is used to understand the relative contribution of various socio-economic factors to violence against older adults (N = 9541). RESULTS The prevalence of violence faced by older adults was 11.2%. Older adults aged 80+ years [OR: 1.49; CI: 1.14-1.93] and working [OR: 1.26; CI: 1.02-1.56] had higher likelihood to face violence than their counterparts. On the other hand, older adults who were currently in union [OR: 0.79; CI: 0.65-0.95], lived with children [OR: 0.53; CI: 0.40-0.72] and who belonged to richer wealth quintile [OR: 0.35; CI:0.24-0.51] had lower likelihood to suffer from violence than their counterparts. The decomposition results revealed that poor older adults were more prone to violence (Concentration index: - 0.20). Household's wealth status was responsible for explaining 93.7% of the socio-economic status related inequality whereas living arrangement of older adults explained 13.7% of the socio-economic related inequality. Education and working status of older adults made a substantial contribution to the inequalities in reported violence, explaining 3.7% and 3.3% of the total inequality, respectively. CONCLUSION Though interpretation of the results requires a cautious understanding of the data used, the present study highlights some of the relevant issues faced by the country's older adults. With no or meagre income of their own, older adults belonging to the poorest wealth quintile have little or no bargaining power to secure a violent free environment for themselves. Therefore, special attention in terms of social and economic support should be given to the economically vulnerable older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Sinha
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Prem Shankar Mishra
- Population Research Centre, Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560072 India
| | - Shobhit Srivastava
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Mathematical Demography & Statistics, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400088 India
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Fang B, Yan E. Abuse of Older Persons With Cognitive and Physical Impairments: Comparing Percentages Across Informants and Operational Definitions. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:1682-1698. [PMID: 29295000 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517742150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study compared percentages of elder abuse reported by older adults and their family caregivers, using reports from attending medical professionals to triangulate the reports. Percentages were also compared using different criteria proposed in the literature. In total, 1,002 older Chinese aged 55 years or above and their primary family caregivers were recruited from three leading public hospitals in Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Caregivers and care recipients were separately interviewed and provided information on their demographic characteristics and past year percentages of abuse. A clinical team including a chief physician, two attending physicians, three resident physicians, and two senior nurses provided observer measures through reviewing the medical records and their daily observations. Regardless of the informants and operational definitions used, caregiver neglect was the most commonly reported (35.4% to 65.0%), followed by psychological abuse (11.1% to 51.1%), financial exploitation (17.9% to 40.8%), and physical abuse (0.8% to 2.2%). This study found huge variations in percentages of elder abuse by different informants and operational definitions. Depending on the types of abuse concerned, different informants should be consulted to yield more reliable estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boye Fang
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Elsie Yan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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Santos AJ, Nunes B, Kislaya I, Gil AP, Ribeiro O. Exploring the Correlates to Depression in Elder Abuse Victims: Abusive Experience or Individual Characteristics? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP115-NP134. [PMID: 29294926 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517732346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Depression and depressive symptoms have been studied both as risk factors and consequences of elder abuse, even though the most common cross-sectional design of the studies does not allow inferring cause or consequence relationships. This study estimates the proportion of older adults who screened positive for depressive symptoms among those self-reporting elder abuse and examines whether individual characteristics and/or abusive experience aspects are associated with self-reported depressive symptoms. Participants were 510 older adults self-reporting experiences of abuse in family setting enrolled in the cross-sectional victims' survey of the Aging and Violence Study. Depressive symptoms were assessed through the abbreviated version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5). Poisson regression was used to determine the prevalence ratio (PR) of screening depressive symptoms according to individual and abusive experience covariates: sex, age group, cohabitation, perceived social support, chronic diseases, functional status, violence type, perpetrator, and number of conducts. Women (PR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.04, 1.35]) individuals perceiving low social support level (PR = 1.36, 95% CI = [1.16, 1.60]) and with long-term illness (PR = 1.17, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.33]) were found to be associated with increased risk for screening depressive symptoms. In regard to abusive experience, only the number of abusive conducts increased the PR (PR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.05, 1.09]). Routine screening for elder abuse should include psychological well-being assessment. Interventions toward risk alleviation for both mental health problems and elder abuse should target women perceiving low social support level and with long-term illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana João Santos
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Irina Kislaya
- National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Oscar Ribeiro
- University of Porto, Portugal
- University of Aveiro, Portugal
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A New Social Network Scale for Detecting Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238874. [PMID: 33260326 PMCID: PMC7731203 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Social engagement and networking deter depression among older adults. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults are especially at risk of isolation from face-to-face and non-face-to-face interactions. We developed the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Social Network Scale (NCGG-SNS) to assess frequency of, and satisfaction with, social interactions. The NCGG-SNS consists of four domains: face-to-face/non-face-to-face interactions with family/friends. Each domain score is obtained by multiplying frequency ratings by satisfaction ratings for each item; all scores were summed to obtain a total NCGG-SNS score (range: 0–64). Additionally, face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were calculated. Higher scores indicated satisfactory social networking. A cohort of 2445 older Japanese adults completed the NCGG-SNS and the Geriatrics Depression Scale-Short form. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis and logistic regression determined predictive validity for depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were reported by 284 participants (11.6%). The optimal NCGG-SNS cut-off value to identify depressive symptoms was 26.5 points. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders, lower NCGG-SNS values were significantly associated with greater prevalence of depressive symptoms. Face-to-face and non-face-to-face subscores were associated with depressive symptoms. The NCGG-SNS is a valid and useful indicator of multidimensional social networking enabling identification of depressive symptoms in older adults.
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Williams JL, Racette EH, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Acierno R. Prevalence of Elder Polyvictimization in the United States: Data From the National Elder Mistreatment Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:4517-4532. [PMID: 29294807 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517715604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Elder abuse, including emotional, physical, sexual, financial, and neglectful mistreatment is widespread in the United States, with as much as 11% of community-residing older adults experiencing some form of abuse in the past year. Little data exist regarding the prevalence of polyvictimization, or experience of multiple forms of abuse, which may exacerbate negative outcomes over that of any one form of victimization in isolation. This study evaluates the prevalence of elder polyvictimization among a nationally representative sample of community-residing U.S. older adults. Data from the National Elder Mistreatment Study were examined using bivariate and logistic regression analyses. Approximately, 1.7% of older adults experienced past-year polyvictimization, for which risk factors included problems accomplishing activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] = 2.47), low social support (OR = 1.64), and past experience of traumatic events (OR = 4.81). Elder polyvictimization is a serious problem affecting community-residing older adults with identifiable targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ron Acierno
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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Doğan N, Gümüş K, Müsüroğlu S. Emotional abuse and depression in people over 65 years: A cross-sectional study. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:268-272. [PMID: 32828359 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Doğan
- Amasya University Health Sciences Faculty, 05100 Amasya, Turkey.
| | - Kenan Gümüş
- Amasya University Health Sciences Faculty, 05100 Amasya, Turkey.
| | - Seval Müsüroğlu
- Amasya University Health Sciences Faculty, 05100 Amasya, Turkey.
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Pak M. The prevalence and associated risk factors of elder abuse among older people applied to the family health center in the rural district of Turkey. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2020; 59:236-256. [PMID: 32208962 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2020.1740377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with older people who applied to the family health center (N = 152) in the traditional rural district of Turkey. Although the prevalence rate was 23%, the mean value of "Characteristics of the elder that make him or her vulnerable to abuse" subscale (X̄ = .37) was highest among other subscales. The mean values for "Characteristics of potentially abusive situations" (X̄ = .06) and "Overt violation of personal rights and direct abuse" (X̄ = .05) were quite low. The majority of the elder abuse prevalence was composed of participants who were vulnerable to elder abuse. The rural area makes older individuals vulnerable to abuse. Also, risk factors associated with elder abuse in rural areas were interaction with family (p = .000), interaction with neighbors/friends (p = .001), chronic diseases (p = .002), psychiatric diseases (p = .007), gender and marital status (p = .008), and additional income (p = .028), respectively. The only predictor of elder abuse in rural areas was family interaction. There was a significant negative relationship between rural elder abuse and family interaction (T= -4.239, p < .001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Pak
- Department of Social Work, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Özsungur F. A research on the effects of successful aging on the acceptance and use of technology of the elderly. Assist Technol 2019; 34:77-90. [PMID: 31710261 DOI: 10.1080/10400435.2019.1691085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the effects of successful aging on technology acceptance and use behaviors, via developing a model. This study was conducted with 687 participants in five Retirement Rest Homes in Turkey. A model was developed to meet the study's research objectives using the scales of successful aging and the second unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. A path analysis was performed with Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation model. Struggle Against Difficulties (SAD) significantly predicted performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, hedonic motivation, price value, habit, and behavior intention, even though SAD did not predict USE. HLH significantly predicted performance expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions; HLH did not predict effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, price 15 value, habit, behavior intention, and USE. It was revealed that successful aging affected the technology acceptance model in general except the use of technology. It is recommended for future studies that successful aging should be evaluated with varied model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahri Özsungur
- International Trade and Finance, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
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Ojagbemi A, Gureje O. Typology of Social Network Structures and Late-Life Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2019; 15:134-142. [PMID: 32174995 PMCID: PMC7040469 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901915010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rapid social changes and youth migration ensures a continuous drain on the social networks of the elderly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Objective: We reviewed available literature on the relationship between social network structures and depression among community dwelling older persons in LMICs with a view to identifying patterns that might provide information for designing preventive psychosocial interventions. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database through Pubmed, extracted information on the typologies of social network structures in LMICs and identified dimensions with the strongest systematic association with late-life depression, by weight, using the inverse of variance method. All analyses were conducted using the Cochrane review manager version 5.3. Results: Fourteen community-based surveys drawn from 16 LMIC contexts met criteria for syntheses. They included a total of 37,917 mostly female (58.8%) participants with an average age of 73.2 years. Social network size, contact with network, diversity of network, co-residency with own child, having more friends than family in the network, and prestigious standing of persons in the social network were protective structures against late-life depression. Conversely, low network diversity contributed 44.2% of the weight of all social network structures that are predictive of late-life depression. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for the design of new measures of social network structures in LMICs that captures the key dimensions identified. Epidemiological studies using such tools will provide more precise information for planning and prioritization of scarce resources for the prevention of late-life depression in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Ojagbemi
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences, and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oye Gureje
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Neurosciences, and Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Dong X, Wang B. Associations of Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence With Elder Abuse in a US Chinese Population. JAMA Intern Med 2019; 179:889-896. [PMID: 31107499 PMCID: PMC6537846 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE People who have experienced abuse as a child or violence with an intimate partner might have higher odds of being abused again, but this has been insufficiently investigated regarding elder abuse. More conclusive evidence might be critical to assessment and prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence with elder abuse. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional data of 3157 community-dwelling US Chinese older adults (60 years or older) in Chicago, Illinois, were collected during 2011 through 2013. EXPOSURES Cases of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Cases of elder abuse. RESULTS Of the 3157 US Chinese older adults included in the study, 1328 (42.1%) were men, and the mean (SD) age was 72.8 (8.3) years. The prevalence of elder abuse, child maltreatment, and intimate partner violence in the cohort was 15.2%, 11.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, health status, quality of life, and health change, individuals reporting child maltreatment had increased odds of intimate partner violence (13.4% vs 5.6%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.57; 95% CI, 1.78-3.71) and elder abuse (25.2% vs 13.8%; aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.57-2.75) than those not reporting child maltreatment. Individuals reporting intimate partner violence had increased odds of elder abuse than those not reporting intimate partner violence (48.8% vs 12.9%; aOR, 5.53; 95% CI, 4.01-7.64). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Prior abuse across major lifespan stages is associated with higher odds of elder abuse. Health care professionals should be more aware of the possibility of abuse when there is a known history of violence in a patient and consider the cumulative effect of violence among those exposed to elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Bei Wang
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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Fang B, Yan E, Lai DW. Risk and protective factors associated with domestic abuse among older Chinese in the People’s Republic of China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 82:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Park JI. Relationship between Emotional Abuse and Depression among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Korea. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:693-697. [PMID: 29869468 PMCID: PMC5990673 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.5.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, there is little research on factors associated with emotional abuse among Korean older adults. The present study investigated the relationships between depression and emotional abuse among community-dwelling Korean older adults. We analyzed the dataset from the Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs in 2011. Older adults (aged >65 years, n=10674) were randomly selected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with emotional abuse in terms of sociodemographic, health-related, and psychological variables, including depression using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. In our study, 9.4% of the older adults reported experiencing emotional abuse in the previous year. In addition, 44.0% of those experiencing emotional abuse suffered from depression. Multiple logistic regression modeling showed that depression in older adults was independently associated with emotional abuse [odds ratio (OR)=1.788, p<0.001]. Along with depression, poor social support (OR for no social support=1.712, p<0.001) and having chronic illnesses (OR for more than 3=1.481, p<0.005) were associated an increased risk of emotional abuse. Our results showed that emotional abuse among older adults in Korea is prevalent. Our findings suggest that depression, poor social support, and having chronic illnesses are significant factors associated with emotional abuse among the Korean older adult population. Addressing these factors with preventive interventions could have significant public health implications. Further studies are warranted to gain a better understanding of emotional abuse in older Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Wang F, Meng LR, Zhang Q, Li L, Nogueira BOCL, Ng CH, Ungvari GS, Hou CL, Liu L, Zhao W, Jia FJ, Xiang YT. Elder abuse and its impact on quality of life in nursing homes in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 78:155-159. [PMID: 29981492 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There are limited available data on elder abuse and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in China. This study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse in nursing homes and its associated demographic, clinical factors and QOL in Macau and Guangzhou, China. A total of 681 subjects (244 in Macau and 437 in Guangzhou) were consecutively recruited. The prevalence of elder abuse was 11.48% and 8.24% in Macau and Guangzhou, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that having a religion and depressive symptoms were independently and positively associated with elder abuse. No significant association between elder abuse and any QOL domain was found. Elder abuse is common in nursing homes in both Macau and Guangzhou. Appropriate strategies and educational programs should be developed for health professionals to reduce the risk of elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong province, China; Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Li-Rong Meng
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute Macao SAR, China
| | - Qinge Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bernice O C Lam Nogueira
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute Macao SAR, China; Macao Sino-Portuguese Nurses Association, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Graylands Hospital, Perth, Australia; Division of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Cai-Lan Hou
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong province, China
| | - Lianqi Liu
- Home for the aged GuangZhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Home for the aged GuangZhou, Guangdong province, China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong province, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
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Vilar-Compte M, Giraldo-Rodríguez L, Ochoa-Laginas A, Gaitan-Rossi P. Association Between Depression and Elder Abuse and the Mediation of Social Support: A Cross-Sectional Study of Elder Females in Mexico City. J Aging Health 2018; 30:559-583. [PMID: 28553796 DOI: 10.1177/0898264316686432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the association between depression and elder abuse, and the mediation effect of social support among elder women in Mexico City. METHOD A total of 526 noninstitutionalized elder women, residing in Mexico City and attending public community centers were selected. Logistic regressions and structural equation models (SEM) were estimated. RESULTS One fifth of the elderly women were at risk of depression, one third suffered some type of abuse in the past 12 months, and 82% reported low social support. Logistic models confirmed that depression was statistically associated with elder abuse and vice versa (odds ratio [OR] = 1.97 and 1.96, respectively). In both models, social support significantly reduced the association between these variables leading to study these associations through SEM. This approach highlighted that social support buffers the association between depression and elder abuse. DISCUSSION Findings underline the relevance of programs and strategies targeted at increasing social support among urban older adults.
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Sooryanarayana R, Choo WY, Hairi NN, Chinna K, Hairi F, Ali ZM, Ahmad SN, Razak IA, Aziz SA, Ramli R, Mohamad R, Mohammad ZL, Peramalah D, Ahmad NA, Aris T, Bulgiba A. The prevalence and correlates of elder abuse and neglect in a rural community of Negeri Sembilan state: baseline findings from The Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO), a population-based survey. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017025. [PMID: 28864485 PMCID: PMC5588933 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Malaysia is fast becoming an ageing nation, the health, safety and welfare of elders are major societal concerns. Elder abuse is a phenomenon recognised abroad but less so locally. This paper presents the baseline findings from the Malaysian Elder Mistreatment Project (MAESTRO) study, the first community-based study on elder abuse in Malaysia. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, analysing baseline findings of a cohort of older adults. SETTING Kuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of elder abuse among community dwelling older adults and its associated factors. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2112 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited employing a multistage sampling using the national census. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Elder abuse, measured using a validated instrument derived from previous literature and the modified Conflict Tactic Scales, similar to the Irish national prevalence survey on elder abuse with modification to local context. Factors associated with abuse and profiles of respondents were also examined. RESULTS The prevalence of overall abuse was reported to be 4.5% in the past 12 months. Psychological abuse was most common, followed by financial, physical, neglect and sexual abuse. Two or more occurrences of abusive acts were common, while clustering of various types of abuse was experienced by one-third of abused elders. Being male (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.15, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.78), being at risk of social isolation (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.58), a prior history of abuse (aOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.68) and depressive symptomatology (aOR 7.83, 95% CI 2.88 to 21.27) were independently associated with overall abuse. CONCLUSION Elder abuse occurred among one in every 20 elders. The findings on elder abuse indicate the need to enhance elder protection in Malaysia, with both screening of and interventions for elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noran N Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farizah Hairi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Sharifah Nor Ahmad
- Kuala Pilah District Health Office, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Inayah Abdul Razak
- Kuala Pilah District Health Office, Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Suriyati Abdul Aziz
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Ramli
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Rosmala Mohamad
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Zaiton Lal Mohammad
- Negeri Sembilan State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Devi Peramalah
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Aris
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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27
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Acierno R, Hernandez-Tejada MA, Anetzberger GJ, Loew D, Muzzy W. The National Elder Mistreatment Study: An 8-year longitudinal study of outcomes. J Elder Abuse Negl 2017; 29:254-269. [DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2017.1365031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ron Acierno
- Office of Research, College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Melba A Hernandez-Tejada
- Office of Research, College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Mental Health Service, Ralph H Johnson Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | | | | | - Wendy Muzzy
- Office of Research, College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the pathways through which interpersonal relationship strain and loneliness (stressors) influence elder mistreatment. In addition, the study tested the buffer effects of social support within the stressor-mistreatment relationship. METHOD Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 897 randomly selected older adults in rural Tamil Nadu, India. Mediation and moderation models were tested using the process module. RESULTS Results showed that, in addition to the direct effects, interpersonal problems also influenced mistreatment via loneliness (partially mediating model). In the moderation model, social support buffered the influence of interpersonal strain on mistreatment (unconditional direct effect) and also buffered the influence of interpersonal strain on mistreatment through loneliness (conditional indirect effects). DISCUSSION Intervention on mistreatment should involve elimination of risk factors and strengthening of social resources.
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Maia RDS, Maia EMC. Psychometric evidence of the transcultural adaptation of the Vulnerability Abuse Screening Scale (VASS) for the detection of violence against the elderly. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-22562016019.150133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Objective: to present preliminary psychometric evidence of the cross-cultural adaptation of the Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale. Method: The steps of cultural adaptation verified conceptual, item, semantic and measurement equivalence. For measurement equivalence and verification of the psychometric data of the study samples of 30 and 66 elderly persons, respectively, were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics (KR-20, T-Student Test, Pearson correlation, univariate ANOVA and the Fleiss’ Kappa Index) were used for analysis of results. Results: It was found that the age of the participants ranged between 60 and 84 years, with a majority of older women participants (n=38). The KR-20 value for the overall score of the instrument was 0.688. The values for the four dimensions proposed by the authors of the instrument were 0.528, 0.289, 0.552 and 0.303, respectively. Only the values of the subscales Vulnerability and Coercion proved to be close to those of the original study (0.550 and 0.390). Conclusion: The internal consistency values found in the present study ranged from moderate to good, indicating that the results were satisfactory, despite being initial findings.
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Melchiorre MG, Di Rosa M, Lamura G, Torres-Gonzales F, Lindert J, Stankunas M, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, Barros H, Macassa G, Soares JJF. Abuse of Older Men in Seven European Countries: A Multilevel Approach in the Framework of an Ecological Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146425. [PMID: 26784897 PMCID: PMC4718635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies on elder abuse indicate that a large number of victims are women, but others report that men in later life are also significantly abused, especially when they show symptoms of disability and poor health, and require help for their daily activities as a result. This study focused on the prevalence of different types of abuse experienced by men and on a comparison of male victims and non-victims concerning demographic/socio-economic characteristics, lifestyle/health variables, social support and quality of life. Additionally, the study identified factors associated with different types of abuse experienced by men and characteristics associated with the victims. METHODS The cross-sectional data concerning abuse in the past 12 months were collected by means of interviews and self-response during January-July 2009, from a sample of 4,467 not demented individuals aged between 60-84 years living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain and Sweden). We used a multilevel approach, within the framework of an Ecological Model, to explore the phenomenon of abuse against males as the complex result of factors from multiple levels: individual, relational, community and societal. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that older men educated to higher levels, blue-collar workers and men living in a rented accommodation were more often victims than those educated to lower levels, low-rank white-collar workers and home owners, respectively. In addition, high scores for factors such as somatic and anxiety symptoms seemed linked with an increased probability of being abused. Conversely, factors such as increased age, worries about daily expenses (financial strain) and greater social support seemed linked with a decreased probability of being abused. CONCLUSIONS Male elder abuse is under-recognized, under-detected and under-reported, mainly due to the vulnerability of older men and to social/cultural norms supporting traditional male characteristics of stoicism and strength. Further specific research on the topic is necessary in the light of the present findings. Such research should focus, in particular, on societal/community aspects, as well as individual and family ones, as allowed by the framework of the Ecological Model, which in turn could represent a useful method also for developing prevention strategies for elder abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Melchiorre
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, I.N.R.C.A., Ancona, Italy
| | - Mirko Di Rosa
- Scientific Direction, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, I.N.R.C.A., Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lamura
- Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, I.N.R.C.A., Ancona, Italy
| | - Francisco Torres-Gonzales
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jutta Lindert
- Department of Public Health, University of Emden, Emden, Germany
- Women's Studies Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mindaugas Stankunas
- Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Health Service Management Department, Centre for Health Innovation, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Henrique Barros
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gloria Macassa
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joaquim J. F. Soares
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Public Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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Chokkanathan S. Elder Mistreatment and Health Status of Rural Older Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:3267-3282. [PMID: 25381286 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514555014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on the nature of and health factors associated with elder mistreatment in rural areas. To address this gap in the literature, the current study described the nature of such mistreatment and investigated the association between different types of mistreatment and health factors among 897 randomly selected elderly persons in rural India. The results show that elder mistreatment was widely prevalent (21%). Furthermore, the higher frequency of and simultaneous occurrence of multiple types of mistreatment (83.4%) suggest that mistreatment was a continuous stressor. The presence of overall mistreatment was positively associated with depression symptoms and subjective health status. The higher levels of chronicity and multiple mistreatments further increased depression symptoms and lowered the health status of those who were mistreated. Although women, more than men, were more likely to experience mistreatment, chronic mistreatment, and multiple mistreatments, there were no significant gender differences in the mistreatment-health relationship. These findings suggest that older adults with depression symptoms and poor health should be screened for mistreatment.
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Roepke-Buehler SK, Simon M, Dong X. Association Between Depressive Symptoms, Multiple Dimensions of Depression, and Elder Abuse: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Analysis of Older Adults in Urban Chicago. J Aging Health 2015; 27:1003-25. [PMID: 25804901 PMCID: PMC9950795 DOI: 10.1177/0898264315571106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is conceptualized as both a risk factor for and a consequence of elder abuse; however, current research is equivocal. This study examined associations between elder abuse and dimensions of depressive symptoms in older adults. METHOD Participants were 10,419 older adults enrolled in theChicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP), a population-based study of older adults. Regression was used to determine the relationships between depressive symptoms, depression dimensions, and abuse variables. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were consistently associated with elder abuse. Participants in the highest tertile of depressive symptoms were twice as likely to have confirmed abuse with a perpetrator (odds ratio = 2.07, 95% confidence interval = [1.21, 3.52], p = .008). Elder abuse subtypes and depression dimensions were differentially associated. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of routine depression screening in older adults as a component of abuse prevention and intervention. They also provide profiles of depressive symptoms that may more accurately characterize risk for specific types of abuse.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the relationship between social capital and depression among older adults from urban China and the mediating effect of social support on the influence of social capital on depression. METHODS Data were collected from face-to-face interviews targeting older adults (N = 928, response rate = 68.1%) aged over 60 years residing in Hangzhou, China, in 2013. Indicators of social capital included both cognitive (trust and reciprocity) and structural (social network and social participation) aspects. The dependent variable depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale, social support was measured by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and sociodemographic variables (age, education, and household income) and physical function were controlled for analysis. The data were analyzed by factor analysis and a hierarchical regression model. RESULTS Trust, reciprocity, and social network were significantly associated with geriatric depression after controlling. Social participation was not correlated with geriatric depression. Social support partially mediated the relationships between social capital and geriatric depression. CONCLUSION This study provides new evidence that social capital effectively mediates geriatric depression directly and indirectly. The intervention of social capital on depression should therefore consider the two pathways. Future longitudinal studies should help further understand the mechanisms linking social capital and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Cao
- a Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Public Health , Zhejiang University , PR China
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Yan E, Chan KL, Tiwari A. A systematic review of prevalence and risk factors for elder abuse in Asia. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2015; 16:199-219. [PMID: 25380662 DOI: 10.1177/1524838014555033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The number of older victims of domestic violence is expected to increase drastically in Asia as many countries are experiencing rapid population aging. In 2012, 11% of the population in Asia were aged 60 years and over. This is expected to rise to 24% by 2050. This article discusses the unique features of Asian cultures that are relevant to the understanding of elder abuse and summarizes the existing literature looking at the prevalence and risk factors of such abuse in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsie Yan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ko-Ling Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Agnes Tiwari
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Dong X, Chen R, Li C, Simon MA. Understanding depressive symptoms among community-dwelling Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. J Aging Health 2014; 26:1155-71. [PMID: 25239971 PMCID: PMC9944289 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314527611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults. METHOD Data were from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study, a population-based survey of U.S. Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to examine depressive symptoms. RESULTS Of the 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults, 1,717 (54.4%) reported having any depressive symptoms in the last 2 weeks. Older age (r = .09), being female (r = .10), lower income (r = .09), not being married (r = .07), having fewer years in the United States (r = .05), lower overall health status (r = .32), poorer quality of life (r = .14), and worsening health over the past year (r = .24) were significantly and positively correlated with any depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION Depressive symptoms are common among U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to better understand risk factors and outcomes of depressive symptoms among U.S. Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chengyue Li
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Melissa A. Simon
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation among U.S. Chinese older adults. METHOD Guided by the community-participatory research approach, the PINE (Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago) study is a population-based epidemiological study conducted from 2011 to 2013 of 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged 60 years and above in the Greater Chicago area. RESULTS The 2-week prevalence of suicidal ideation, 12-month prevalence of suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicidal ideation were 3.5%, 4.8%, and 9.4%, respectively. Age, sex, marital status, education, income, living arrangement, country of origin, years in the United States, overall health status, quality of life, and health changes over the past year were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation. DISCUSSION Suicidal ideation was common among U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to explore the risk and protective factors associated with suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Esther Wong
- Chinese American Service League, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dong X, Chen R, Fulmer T, Simon MA. Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in a community-dwelling population of U.S. Chinese older adults. J Aging Health 2014; 26:1209-24. [PMID: 25239973 PMCID: PMC9941853 DOI: 10.1177/0898264314531617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment among U.S. Chinese older adults. METHOD Data were drawn from the Population-Based Study of ChINese Elderly (PINE) study, a population-based epidemiological survey of 3,159 U.S. Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area. The study design was guided by a community-based participatory research approach. RESULTS This study found a prevalence of 15.0% for elder mistreatment among community-dwelling Chinese older adults. In addition, higher levels of education (r = .16, p< .001), fewer children (r = .1, p< .001), lower health status (r = .11, p< .001), poorer quality of life (r = .05, p< .01), and worsening health over the past year (r = .08, p< .001) were positively correlated with any elder mistreatment. DISCUSSION Elder mistreatment is prevalent among U.S. Chinese older adults. The findings point to a pressing need for researchers, community service workers, health care providers, and policy makers to increase efforts on reducing elder mistreatment in U.S. Chinese communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- Rush UniversityMedicalCenter, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Rush UniversityMedicalCenter, Chicago, IL, USA
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Dong X. Elder abuse: research, practice, and health policy. The 2012 GSA Maxwell Pollack award lecture. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2014; 54:153-62. [PMID: 24270215 PMCID: PMC3954417 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnt139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elder abuse, also called elder mistreatment or elder maltreatment, includes psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect (caregiver neglect and self-neglect), and financial exploitation. Evidence suggests that 1 out of 10 older adults experiences some form of elder abuse, and only a fraction of cases are actually reported to social services agencies. At the same time, elder abuse is independently associated with significant morbidity and premature mortality. Despite these findings, there is a great paucity in research, practice, and policy dealing with this pervasive issue. In this paper, I review the epidemiology of elder abuse as well as key practical issues in dealing with the cases of elder abuse. Through my experiences as a Congressional Policy Fellow/National Health and Aging Policy Fellow, I highlight key previsions on 2 major federal legislations dealing with the issues of elder abuse: Older Americans Act (OAA) and Elder Justice Act (EJA). Lastly, I highlight major research gaps and future policy relevant research directions to advance the field of elder abuse. Interdisciplinary and community-based efforts are needed to devise effective strategies to detect, treat, and prevent elder abuse in our increasingly diverse aging populations. Collective advocacy and policy advances are needed to create a national infrastructure to protect the vulnerable older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Dong
- *Address correspondence to Xinqi Dong, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, 1645 West Jackson Boulevard, Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail:
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Dong X, Chen R, Chang ES, A. Simon M. The prevalence of suicide attempts among community-dwelling US Chinese older adults – findings from the PINE study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1108/eihsc-10-2013-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of suicide attempts and explore the suicide methods among community-dwelling Chinese older adults.
Design/methodology/approach
– Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) study, a population-based epidemiological study of Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in the greater Chicago area. Guided by the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, the study enrolled 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults from 2011 to 2013.
Findings
– The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts is 791 per 100,000 and the past 12-month prevalence of suicide attempts is 285 per 100,000. Medication overdose is the most common suicide method both in the group of lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Lower income is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts and 12-month suicide attempts. Living with fewer household members is positively correlated with lifetime suicide attempts but not with 12-month suicide attempts.
Research limitations/implications
– The findings emphasize the needs for improved understanding of suicidal behavior among minority older adults and to develop culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.
Practical implications
– Community stakeholders should improve the accessibility and availability of culturally sensitive mental health services and extend timely and effective suicide interventions in the Chinese community.
Originality/value
– This study represents the first and largest population-based epidemiological study to investigate the suicide attempts and methods among US Chinese older adults. In addition, the implementation of the CBPR approach allows us to minimize the cultural barriers associated with suicide investigation. The study emphasizes the need for improved understanding on suicidal behavior among minority older adults to inform culturally and linguistically sensitive prevention and intervention strategies.
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Dong X, Zhang M, A. Simon M. Self-mastery among Chinese Older Adults in the Greater Chicago Area. AIMS MEDICAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.3934/medsci.2014.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Melchiorre MG, Chiatti C, Lamura G, Torres-Gonzales F, Stankunas M, Lindert J, Ioannidi-Kapolou E, Barros H, Macassa G, Soares JFJ. Social support, socio-economic status, health and abuse among older people in seven European countries. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54856. [PMID: 23382989 PMCID: PMC3559777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support has a strong impact on individuals, not least on older individuals with health problems. A lack of support network and poor family or social relations may be crucial in later life, and represent risk factors for elder abuse. This study focused on the associations between social support, demographics/socio-economics, health variables and elder mistreatment. METHODS The cross-sectional data was collected by means of interviews or interviews/self-response during January-July 2009, among a sample of 4,467 not demented individuals aged 60-84 years living in seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden). RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that women and persons living in large households and with a spouse/partner or other persons were more likely to experience high levels of social support. Moreover, frequent use of health care services and low scores on depression or discomfort due to physical complaints were indicators of high social support. Low levels of social support were related to older age and abuse, particularly psychological abuse. CONCLUSIONS High levels of social support may represent a protective factor in reducing both the vulnerability of older people and risk of elder mistreatment. On the basis of these results, policy makers, clinicians and researchers could act by developing intervention programmes that facilitate friendships and social activities in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Melchiorre
- Centre of Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Italian National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, I.N.R.C.A., Ancona, Italy.
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Family functioning and social support for older patients with depression in an urban area of Shanghai, China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2012; 55:574-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cisler JM, Begle AM, Amstadter AB, Acierno R. Mistreatment and self-reported emotional symptoms: results from the National Elder Mistreatment Study. J Elder Abuse Negl 2012; 24:216-30. [PMID: 22737973 DOI: 10.1080/08946566.2011.652923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Many community-residing older adults in the United States report past year mistreatment; however, little is known about mental health correlates of abuse. This study investigated whether a recent history of emotional, physical, or sexual abuse is associated with self-reported emotional symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression) among a representative sample of older adults. Results demonstrated that each abuse type increased likelihood of reporting emotional symptoms; when other known correlates were controlled, only emotional abuse remained a significant predictor. Additional study of mistreatment-related correlates of depression and anxiety is needed, with a focus on the often overlooked category of emotional mistreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M Cisler
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Dong X, Chen R, Chang ES, Simon M. Elder abuse and psychological well-being: a systematic review and implications for research and policy--a mini review. Gerontology 2012; 59:132-42. [PMID: 22922225 DOI: 10.1159/000341652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elder abuse and psychological distress are both important geriatric syndromes and are independently associated with premature morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances, there has been little systematic exploration of the association between elder abuse and psychological distress. This systematic review synthesizes the qualitative and quantitative studies on the relationship between elder abuse and psychological distress, namely psychological distress as a risk factor and/or a consequence of elder abuse. Moreover, through this review, future research directions for elder abuse and psychological distress and their implications for practice and policy to improve the health and aging of vulnerable populations are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinQi Dong
- Chinese Health, Aging and Policy Program, Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abuse and neglect of older persons in seven cities in seven countries in Europe: a cross-sectional community study. Int J Public Health 2012; 58:121-32. [PMID: 22864651 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of abuse (psychological, physical, sexual, financial, neglect) of older persons (AO) in seven cities from seven countries in Europe (Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Spain, Sweden), and to assess factors potentially associated with AO. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2009 (n = 4,467, aged 60-84). Potentially associated factors were grouped into domains (domain 1: age, gender, migration history; domain 2: education, occupation; domain 3: marital status, living situation; domain 4: habitation, income, financial strain). We calculated odds ratios (OR) with their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Psychological AO was the most common form of AO, ranging from 10.4 % (95 % CI 8.1-13.0) in Italy to 29.7 % (95 % CI 26.2-33.5) in Sweden. Second most common form was financial AO, ranging from 1.8 % (95 % CI 0.9-3.2) in Sweden to 7.8 % (95 % CI 5.8-10.1) in Portugal. Less common was physical AO, ranging from 1.0 % (95 % CI 0.4-2.1) in Italy to 4.0 % (95 % CI 2.6-5.8 %) in Sweden. Sexual AO was least common, ranging from 0.3 (95 % CI 0.0-1.1) in Italy and Spain to 1.5 % (95 % CI 0.7-2.8) in Greece. Being from Germany (AOR 3.25, 95 % CI 2.34-4.51), Sweden (OR 3.16, 95 % CI 2.28-4.39) or Lithuania (AOR 2.45, 95 % CI 1.75-3.43) was associated with increased prevalence rates of AO. CONCLUSION Country of residence of older people is independent from the four assessed domains associated with AO. Life course perspectives on AO are highly needed to get better insight, and to develop and implement prevention strategies targeted at decreasing prevalence rates of AO.
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Wu L, Chen H, Hu Y, Xiang H, Yu X, Zhang T, Cao Z, Wang Y. Prevalence and associated factors of elder mistreatment in a rural community in People's Republic of China: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33857. [PMID: 22448276 PMCID: PMC3309016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current knowledge about elder mistreatment is mainly derived from studies done in Western countries, which indicate that this problem is related to risk factors such as a shared living situation, social isolation, disease burden, and caregiver strain. We know little about prevalence and risk factors for elder mistreatment and mistreatment subtypes in rural China where the elder population is the most vulnerable. Methods In 2010, we conducted a cross-sectional survey among older adults aged 60 or older in three rural communities in Macheng, a city in Hubei province, China. Of 2245 people initially identified, 2039 were available for interview and this was completed in 2000. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding mistreatment and covariates. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors related to elder mistreatment and subtypes of mistreatment. Results Elder mistreatment was reported by 36.2% (95% CI: 34.1%–38.3%) of the participants. Prevalence rates of psychological mistreatment, caregiver neglect, physical mistreatment, and financial mistreatment were 27.3% (95% CI: 25.3%–29.2%), 15.8% (95% CI: 14.2%–17.4%), 4.9% (95% CI: 3.9%–5.8%) and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.3%–2.6%), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that depression, being widowed/divorced/single/separated, having a physical disability, having a labor intensive job, depending solely on self-made income, and living alone were risk factors for elder mistreatment. Different types of elder mistreatment were associated with different risk factors, and depression was the consistent risk factor for the three most common mistreatment subtypes. Conclusion Older adults in rural China self-report a higher rate of mistreatment than their counterparts in Western countries. Depression is a main risk factor associated with most subtypes of mistreatment. Our findings suggest that prevention and management of elder mistreatment is a challenge facing a rapidly aging Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiyun Xiang
- Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Tongji Center of Injury Prevention, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Lau Y, Yin L, Wang Y. Antenatal depressive symptomatology, family conflict and social support among Chengdu Chinese women. Matern Child Health J 2012; 15:1416-26. [PMID: 20957512 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-010-0699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association between demo-socio-economic status, obstetric variables, family conflict, social support and antenatal depressive symptoms among 1,609 Chinese women from four regional public hospitals during their second trimester of pregnancy in Chengdu. The vulnerable factors of depressive symptoms were explored in terms of their demo-socio-economic, obstetric, and Chinese family relational aspects, as well as in terms of social support. The women were identified as having depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Marital conflict and parent-in-law conflict were assessed using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Stryker Adjustment Checklist, respectively. The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List was used to measure the functional aspects of the perceived availability of social support. The prevalence rates of antenatal mild to severe and severe depressive symptoms were 35.9 and 7.3%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that participants who had been married for a shorter time, had a single source of financial support, a poor marital and mother-in-law relationship, and who lacked social support were more likely to have mild to severe depressive symptoms (P<0.05). Participants who were younger, who had lived in Chengdu for a shorter period of time, had a shorter duration of marriage, solo financial support, poor marital relationship, and poor social support were more likely to have severe depressive symptoms (P<0.05). The findings provide important information for prenatal screening, public health and social policies to help in the reduction of antenatal depressive symptoms among the Chengdu population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lau
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, 5/F Centro Hotline Building, No. 335-341, Alameda Dr. Carlos D' Assumpcao, Macao SAR, China.
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Abstract
Elder mistreatment encompasses a range of behaviors including emotional, financial, physical, and sexual abuse, neglect by other individuals, and self-neglect. This article discusses the range of elder mistreatment in community-living older adults, associated factors, and consequences. Although self-neglect is not considered a type of abuse in many research definitions, it is the most commonly reported form of elder mistreatment and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The case on which this article is based describes a 70-year-old woman who neglects herself and dies despite multiple contacts with the medical community. Despite significant gaps in research, enough is known to guide clinical practice. This article presents the practical approaches a health care professional can take when a reasonable suspicion of elder mistreatment arises. Public health and interdisciplinary team approaches are needed to manage what is becoming an increasing problem as the number of older adults around the world increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mosqueda
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 101 The City Dr S, Bldg 200, Ste 512, Rt 81, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Elder abuse refers to the actions or lack of actions that harm an older adult or put them at risk of harm. The harm may be physical, emotional and/or financial. True prevalence is unknown owing to methodological challenges and lack of consensus regarding definition. Elder abuse largely remains hidden, as most cases are unnoticed or unreported. The medical complexities of elder abuse have led some to view it as a geriatric syndrome, with multifactorial causes. Aside from direct injuries and losses, victims suffer increased morbidity and mortality. Clinicians caring for older adults are integral to the prevention, intervention and treatment of elder abuse. However, physicians rarely report abuse. Education of medical professionals must include the clinical manifestations and consequences of abuse. Indeed, interdisciplinary teams, including geriatric providers, have formed to address elder abuse. Over the next decade, elder abuse will be appreciated as a significant contributor to chronic disease and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gibbs
- University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA
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