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Hung N, Chen YC, Choy Yung RMP, Kwan MSM, To AKY, Fung ESM, Chan CLW. Generativity in Later-Life: The Interplay Between Retirement Status and Human, Social, and Financial Capital. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2024; 67:35-54. [PMID: 37183428 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2023.2212730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Generativity has been increasingly recognized as an important component of healthy aging. Although the desire to be generative is influenced by societal and cultural expectations, the relative influence of its driving factors by retirement status, a significant life-course transition, is underexplored. This study examined how later-life generativity is driven by the interplay between retirement status and financial, human and social capital. An online survey targeting Hong Kong adults aged 45+ was conducted. Linear regression models were stratified by retirement status (working and retired) to examine the effects of financial (income, assets, and financial satisfaction), human (education and health-related measures), and social capitals (productive and social engagement) on generativity. Among those working, higher generativity was associated with financial, human, and social capitals that facilitated material provision. Among those retired, human and social capitals that supported the transmission of knowledge and experience were more important for generativity. For both groups, support from close social networks was the strongest predictor. Different cultural demands, dictated by retirement status, play a crucial role in determining how older adults feel like they can contribute to subsequent generations. These findings can inform policies and programs that seek to support healthy transitions into retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalee Hung
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu-Chih Chen
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Social Policy Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Angela K Y To
- Golden Age Foundation, Wan Chai, Hong Kong SA, China
| | | | - Cecilia L W Chan
- Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Zhao Y, Tang L, Zeng QW, Bu F, Zhan NN, Wang ZL, Deng XH, Lyu QY. Association between bidirectional intergenerational support and successful aging in China: Evidence from CHARLS 2018. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 49:81-88. [PMID: 36446149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging has gradually accelerated in China, and achieving successful aging of older adults has become a public health concern. Intergenerational support is crucial for Chinese older adults in later life due to the culture of filial piety. However, the association between successful aging and intergenerational support remains poorly understood in China. This study aimed to examine the association between patterns of intergenerational support and successful aging of older adults in China. The present study is a secondary analysis of data obtained from the follow-up survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. Bidirectional intergenerational support was associated with successful aging in the participants. In addition, there was an association between different intergenerational financial, caring, and emotional support patterns and elements of successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Tang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Wei Zeng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Bu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na-Ni Zhan
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Lin Wang
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Deng
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Yuan Lyu
- School of Nursing, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Huang X, Zhang M, Fang J, Zeng Q, Wang J, Li J. Classifying and characterizing the development of self-reported overall quality of life among the Chinese elderly: a twelve-year longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1139. [PMID: 35672842 PMCID: PMC9175517 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To promote healthy aging, the information about the development of quality of life (QoL) is of great importance. However, the explorations of the heterogeneity in the change of QoL under the Chinese context were limited. This study aimed to identify potential different development patterns of QoL and the influential factors using a longitudinal, nationally representative sample of the Chinese elderly. Methods We adopted a five-wave longitudinal dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and a total of 1645 elderly were obtained. The sample had a mean age of 72.7 years (SD = 6.64) and was 47.2% male. Overall QoL was measured through self-report during the longitudinal process. We utilized the conditional growth mixture model (GMM) with time-invariant covariates (TICs) to explore various development patterns and associated factors. Results Three distinct trajectories of self-reported overall QoL were identified: the High-level Steady Group (17.08%), the Mid-level Steady Group (63.10%), and the Low-level Growth Group (19.82%). Results also indicated that several factors predicted distinct trajectories of self-reported overall QoL. Those elderly who received enough financial resources, had adequate nutrition, did not exhibit any disability, engaged in leisure activities, and did less physical labor or housework at the baseline were more likely to report a higher level of overall QoL over time. Conclusions There existed three development patterns of self-reported overall QoL in elders, and the findings provided valuable implications for the maintenance and improvement of QoL among the Chinese elderly. Future studies could examine the influence of other confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Huang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minqiang Zhang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China. .,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Junyan Fang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jinqing Wang
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, West of Zhongshan Avenue, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, 510631, Guangdong Province, China
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Carstensen G, Rosberg B, Mc Kee KJ, Åberg AC. Before evening falls: Perspectives of a good old age and healthy ageing among oldest-old Swedish men. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 82:35-44. [PMID: 30711841 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The late life experiences of men in the oldest-old age group have been under-researched, and their perspectives on ageing successfully neglected. This study explored the perspectives of oldest-old Swedish men on what a 'good old age' and ageing successfully meant to them. A purposive sample of 17 men, aged 85-90 years, was drawn from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men. An interview guide explored participants' perspectives on their ageing experiences and how they viewed ageing successfully. Participants were interviewed twice, with 1-2 weeks between interviews, and both interviews were recorded and transcribed. Content analysis identified four themes: i) Adaptation, concerning the ability to adapt to growing old with increasing limitations; ii) Sustaining Independence, related to financial resources and good health as the foundation for independence; iii) Belongingness, representing close relationships, established friendships, and the significance of the spouse; and iv) Perspectives of Time, also a common thread in all themes, in which past life experiences create an existential link between the past, the present and the future, establishing continuity of the self and enhancing life satisfaction. The participants presented themselves as active agents involved in maintaining meaning and achieving life satisfaction; a process related to the ability to manage changes in life. Our findings have resonance with models of healthy or successful ageing, but also diverge in important ways, since such models do not consider the significance of an individual's life history for their present well-being, and primarily conceptualise health as an outcome, rather than as a resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunilla Carstensen
- School of Technology and Business Studies, DalarnaUniversity, Falun, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Rosberg
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akademiska Sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Mc Kee
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Anna Cristina Åberg
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Objective and subjective financial status and mortality among older adults in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 81:182-191. [PMID: 30597341 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The association between financial status and mortality in older adults is well documented. However, it is unclear whether the association may vary by objective and subjective indicators of financial status. To examine this issue, we used the latest four waves (2005, 2008/2009, 2011/2012, and 2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) of community-residing adults aged 65 and older (n = 25,954). Financial status was assessed using eight objective, subjective, and culturally-oriented measures to capture various dimensions of financial resources at older ages. Multivariate hazard models were used to examine how different indicators of financial status were associated with subsequent mortality in all older adults and by age, gender, and urban-rural residence. Results showed that higher financial status-either objective or subjective-was associated with lower risks of mortality. Subjective assessments of financial status had stronger associations with mortality than objective assessments. The patterns were generally similar between young-old (aged 65-79) and the oldest-old (aged 80+), between women and men, and between rural and urban areas. Together, the findings offer new evidence to help improve the socioeconomic gradient in mortality among older adults in China.
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Zhao Y, Fu H, Guo A, Qiu L, Cheung KSL, Wu B, Jopp D, Gu D. A comparison of perceived uselessness between centenarians and non-centenarians in China. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:251. [PMID: 30348092 PMCID: PMC6196423 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-perceived uselessness is associated with poorer health in older adults. However, it is unclear whether there is a difference in self-perceived uselessness between centenarians and non-centenarians, and if so, which factors contributed to the difference. METHODS We used four waves of a nationwide longitudinal dataset from 2005 to 2014 in China to investigate these research goals. We first performed multinomial logit regression models to examine the risk of the high or moderate frequency of self-perceived uselessness relative to the low frequency among centenarians (5778 persons) in comparison with non-centenarians aged 65-99 (20,846 persons). We then conducted a cohort analysis for those born in 1906-1913, examining differences in self-perceived uselessness between those centenarians and those died between ages 91 and 99 during 2005-2014. RESULTS Compared to persons aged 65-79, centenarians had 84% (relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.84, 95% CI:1.69-2.01) and 35% (RRR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25-1.46) higher risk to have the high frequency and the moderate frequency of feeling useless versus low frequency, respectively, when only demographic factors were controlled for. However, centenarians had 31% (RRR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.88), 43% (RRR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.49-0.68), and 25% (RRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67-0.83) lower risk, respectively, to have the high frequency of self-perceived uselessness relative to the low frequency when a wide set of study covariates were controlled for. In the case of the moderate versus the low frequency of self-perceived uselessness, the corresponding figures were 18% (RRR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66-1.02), 22% (RRR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.67-0.90), and 13% (RRR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79-0.96), respectively. The cohort analysis further indicates that those who became centenarians were 36-39% less likely than those died at ages 91-94 to report the high and the moderate frequencies of self-perceived uselessness versus the low frequency; no difference was found between centenarians and those died at ages 95-99. In both period and cohort analyses, behavioral and health-related factors affected the perception substantially. CONCLUSIONS Overall, centenarians were less likely to perceive themselves as useless compared to non-centenarians of younger birth cohorts when a wide set of covariates were considered and non-centenarians of the same birth cohort. How centenarians manage to do so remains an open question. Our findings may help improve our understanding about the longevity secrets of centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Ginling College, School of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Fu
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aimei Guo
- Ginling College, International Center for Aging Studies, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Independent Researcher, New York, USA
| | | | - Bei Wu
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing and NYU Aging Incubator, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Jopp
- Department of Psychology and National Centre for Research LIVES, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Danan Gu
- United Nations Population Division, Two UN Plaza, DC2-1910, New York, NY, 10017, USA.
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