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Stasolla F, Di Gioia M, Messina I, Treglia F, Passaro A, Zullo A, Dragone M. Assessing and recovering Alzheimer's disease: a comparative analysis of standard neuropsychological approaches and virtual reality interventions with the use of digital storytelling. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1406167. [PMID: 39114597 PMCID: PMC11303320 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1406167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that predominantly affects the elderly population. Traditional assessment methods, including neuropsychological tests like the MMSE, have been the cornerstone of AD diagnosis for decades. These methods are grounded in a wealth of research and clinical experience, providing a robust framework for understanding the cognitive deficits of AD. The evolution of AD assessment and rehabilitation has recently been tackled with the introduction of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies. Objectives To evaluate the use of storytelling and reminiscence therapy in virtual reality programs as a complementary and enhancing modality alongside standard assessment and rehabilitation for Alzheimer's patients. To explore how regular interaction with VR narratives can slow cognitive decline or improve relevant features of cognitive functioning over the time. To propose a new assessment and rehabilitative tool based on the use of VR and digital storytelling. Method A comparative analysis of Standard Neuropsychological Approaches and Virtual Reality Interventions in patients with Alzheimer disorder was carried out. A literature overview on the empirical studies between 2019 and 2024 was conducted. Results We propose a new VR-based setup mediated by the use of storytelling for the assessment and recovery of AD. Conclusion The employment of storytelling within VR programs for the assessment and rehabilitation of Alzheimer's disease can positively impact both the cognitive and emotional realms of patients, with beneficial outcomes on caregivers' and families' burden. The successful implementation of this approach requires careful consideration of accessibility, data interpretation, and standard validation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francesco Treglia
- Academy of Mind Ecology-School of Specialization in Systemic Relational Psychotherapy, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Passaro
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Mirella Dragone
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, Benevento, Italy
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Castellote-Caballero Y, Carcelén Fraile MDC, Aibar-Almazán A, Afanador-Restrepo DF, González-Martín AM. Effect of combined physical-cognitive training on the functional and cognitive capacity of older people with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Med 2024; 22:281. [PMID: 38972988 PMCID: PMC11229192 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03469-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in population aging highlights the growing prevalence of mild cognitive impairment, prompting the adoption of interventions that combine physical exercise and cognitive training to improve health and cognitive performance in older adults. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of a combined program on physical and cognitive health in older people with cognitive impairment. METHODS A 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial involving 95 participants (aged 72.12 ± 4.25 years), 47 individuals participated in a control group (CG) that only underwent cognitive stimulation, while 48 individuals were in an experimental group (EG) that participated in a combined program. Balance was measured using the Tinetti scale, upper body strength was assessed with the arm curl test, lower body strength was evaluated with the 30-s chair stand test, flexibility was tested using the back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test, physical function was measured with the Timed Up and Go test, cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination, cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, verbal fluency was tested with the Isaac test, and executive functions were assessed using the Trail Making Test. RESULTS The results of the study show significant improvements in both physical and cognitive aspects, such as balance, gait, upper and lower body strength, flexibility, physical function, cognitive function, cognitive impairment, verbal fluency, and executive functions in the group that carried out the intervention compared to the control group. CONCLUSION A combined program for older individuals with mild cognitive impairment leads to enhancements in physical and cognitive health. These improvements underscore the importance of integrating physical exercise with cognitive training as an effective strategy for enhancing overall health and quality of life in older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05503641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Castellote-Caballero
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, 23071, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Carcelén Fraile
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain.
| | - Agustín Aibar-Almazán
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, 23071, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | | | - Ana María González-Martín
- Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Atlántico Medio, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Centro de Educación Superior de Enseñanza e Investigación Educativa, Plaza de San Martín, 4, Madrid, 28013, Spain
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Antoniadou E, Giusti E, Capodaglio P, Han DS, Gimigliano F, Guzman JM, Oh-Park M, Frontera W. Frailty recommendations and guidelines: an evaluation of the implementability and a critical appraisal of clinical applicability by the ISPRM Frailty Focus Group. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 60:530-539. [PMID: 38656081 PMCID: PMC11258911 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.24.08486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with an increased burden of multi-morbidity and disease related functional loss and disability, widely impacting patients and health care systems. Frailty is a major actor in age-related disability and is an important target for rehabilitation interventions, considering that is a reversible condition. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A working group of members of the ISPRM, responding to WHO 2030 call for action to strengthen rehabilitation, was established to assess the quality and implementability of the existing guidelines for the rehabilitation of frailty. Guidelines were retrieved using a systematic search on Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science and from the reference lists of screened articles. The included guidelines were evaluated using the AGREE II to assess their quality and using the AGREE-REX to assess their clinical credibility and implementability. Guidelines with a score >4 in the AGREE II item evaluating the overall quality of the guideline were considered for endorsement. Finally, nine external reviewers evaluated the applicability of each recommendation from the endorsed guidelines, providing comments about the barriers and facilitators for their implementation in their country. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Ten guidelines were retrieved and evaluated by the working group, of which four guidelines, i.e. the WHO Guidelines on Integrated Care for Older People, the FOCUS guidelines, the Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty and the ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and Management of Frailty, were considered for endorsement. All these guidelines were rated as of adequate quality and implementability. CONCLUSIONS The WHO Guidelines on Integrated Care for Older people (24) the ICFSR International Clinical Practice Guidelines for Identification and management of Frailty (15), the FOCUS guidelines (25) and the Asia Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines (14) for the Management of Frailty have the best quality and applicability of the existing guidelines on the management of frailty, we suggest that should be employed to define the standards of care for patients with frailty. There are barriers for their implementation, as stated by our experts, to take into account, and some of them are country- or region-specific. Screening for frailty, exercise, nutrition, pharmacological management, social and psychological support, management of incontinence, and an overall comprehensive clinical management are the best tools to face upon frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftheria Antoniadou
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Clinic Centre Hospitalier du Nord, Ettelbruck, Luxembourg -
| | - Emanuele Giusti
- EPIMED Research Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Rehabilitation, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Dipartimento di Salute Mentale e Fisica e Medicina Preventiva Università Vanvitelli Campania, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Mooyeon Oh-Park
- Burke Rehabilitation Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walter Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Pepper A, Dening KH. Community support for families affected by dementia. Br J Community Nurs 2024; 29:218-223. [PMID: 38701008 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2024.29.5.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This paper provides and overview of the community support services that may be available for people with dementia and their family carers. The authors introduce dementia, including the impact of the diagnosis on both the person with dementia and the wider family. Using a case study approach, the authors describe the support available, spanning health and social care and third sector organisations. They discuss how this support can enable people with dementia and their carers to maintain wellbeing and cope with the impact of dementia. This article will be of interest to community nurses, and health and social care professionals more generally, who may encounter families affected by dementia in community settings. Having a good knowledge of the support available and how to access it will allow community nurses to capitalise on the health promotion opportunities presented to them, when they come into contact with families affected by dementia in the course of their day-to-day practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pepper
- Admiral Nurse and Research Fellow, Dementia UK, Floor 7, One Aldgate, London, EC3N 1RE
| | - Karen Harrison Dening
- Head of Research and Publications; Chair of Dementia Nursing (honorary), De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH
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Zhu L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Wilson A, Zhou H, Li N, Wang Y. Longitudinal associations between the frequency of playing Mahjong and cognitive functioning among older people in China: evidence from CLHLS, 2008-2018. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1352433. [PMID: 38550318 PMCID: PMC10973127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1352433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is prevalent among older adults, often resulting in decreased capabilities for self-care and a diminished quality of life. Mahjong, a culturally cherished and extensively played intellectual game in China, demands considerable cognitive function. While the cognitive benefits of playing Mahjong have been widely accepted, this study investigates an under explored aspect and aimed to ascertain the game's potential contributions toward bolstering self-care abilities, enhancing overall quality of life, and mitigating against rising societal healthcare costs. Methods The data analyzed in the study is collected from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) with cognitive functioning being assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The frequency of playing Mahjong was measured through a self-reported questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models, latent variable growth models, and cross-lagged models were used to investigate the longitudinal relationship between game frequency and cognitive function in older people. Results Of the 7,535 participants, the mean (SD) age was 81.96 (10.53) years. There were 7,308 (97%), 4,453 (59%), and 1,974 (26%) participants in 2011, 2014, and 2018, respectively. The results showed that Mahjong players had significantly higher MMSE scores compared to non-players from 2008 to 2018 (β = 0.893; p < 0.001), and non-players had significantly lower scores in 2011, 2014, and 2018 than in 2008 (β = -1.326, -0.912, -0.833; Ps > 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of playing Mahjong was associated with improved various cognitive domains. The declining frequency of playing Mahjong was substantially associated with the declining rate of MMSE scores (r = 0.336; p < 0.001). Mahjong frequency showed positive effects on MMSE scores, while the influence of Mahjong on MMSE scores were not significant. Conclusion Playing Mahjong has a positive influence on the cognitive functioning among older people. It can help buffer against the decline in cognitive function and maintain cognitive function levels. The higher frequency of playing Mahjong is associated with improved reaction, attention and calculation, and self-coordination. A decline in the frequency of playing Mahjong was associated with a declining rate of cognitive function. The higher frequency of playing Mahjong among older people unilaterally influenced the improvement of cognitive function levels in older people in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixi Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuju Wu
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Amanda Wilson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Huan Zhou
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningxiu Li
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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AbdElsalam RMM, ElKholy SEAE. Pilot testing cognitive stimulation intervention on older adults' cognitive function, cognitive self-efficacy, and sense of happiness. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:191-203. [PMID: 38359739 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the ageing population increasing worldwide, identifying effective approaches to counteract cognitive decline becomes significant for maintaining cognitive health and quality of life in older adults. The lack of cognitive activity accelerates age cognitive decline. Cognitive stimulation interventions can maintain older adults' cognitive reserve, enhance their feelings of happiness, and potentially improve their psychosocial wellbeing. AIM This study aimed to determine the impact of Cognitive Stimulation Intervention on older adults' cognitive function, cognitive self-efficacy, and sense of happiness. METHOD A quasi-experimental methodological approach was applied. Two seniors' clubs were the sites for recruitment in this study as part of the Alexandria Governorate's Ministry of Social Solidarity, Egypt. Eighty older adults (aged 60 and above), randomly assigned into two equal groups. The study group received the study intervention, and the control group received regular seniors' club services. RESULTS Cognitive function, cognitive self-efficacy, and sense of happiness scores among the study group, were significantly increased from (22.40 ± 0.67, 54.51 ± 8.63 and 27.68 ± 14.0 respectively) to (24.30 ± 1.07, 87.84 ± 4.96 and 65.98 ± 8.90 respectively) (P < 0.001) following the interventions, and were significantly higher than the control group's post-test percent scores (22.08 ± 0.98, 54.35 ± 6.97, and 28.75 ± 9.60 respectively) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cognitive Stimulation Intervention effectively fostered the older adults' cognitive function, cognitive self-efficacy, and sense of happiness. Consequently, seniors' clubs, care homes, and other contexts seeking to apply Cognitive Stimulation Intervention to improve older adults' cognitive function, and general wellbeing must embed this intervention as part of their routine care and social activities programs.
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Figueroa-Vargas A, Góngora B, Alonso MF, Ortega A, Soto-Fernández P, Z-Rivera L, Ramírez S, González F, Muñoz Venturelli P, Billeke P. The effect of a cognitive training therapy based on stimulation of brain oscillations in patients with mild cognitive impairment in a Chilean sample: study protocol for a phase IIb, 2 × 3 mixed factorial, double-blind randomised controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:144. [PMID: 38395980 PMCID: PMC10885461 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing population has increased the prevalence of disabling and high-cost diseases, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The latter can be considered a prodromal phase of some dementias and a critical stage for interventions to postpone the impairment of functionality. Working memory (WM) is a pivotal cognitive function, representing the fundamental element of executive functions. This project proposes an intervention protocol to enhance WM in these users, combining cognitive training with transcranial electrical stimulation of alternating current (tACS). This technique has been suggested to enhance the neuronal plasticity needed for cognitive processes involving oscillatory patterns. WM stands to benefit significantly from this approach, given its well-defined electrophysiological oscillations. Therefore, tACS could potentially boost WM in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS This study is a phase IIb randomised, double-blind clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up period. The study participants will be 62 participants diagnosed with MCI, aged over 60, from Valparaíso, Chile. Participants will receive an intervention combining twelve cognitive training sessions with tACS. Participants will receive either tACS or placebo stimulation in eight out of twelve training sessions. Sessions will occur twice weekly over 6 weeks. The primary outcomes will be electroencephalographic measurements through the prefrontal theta oscillatory activity, while the secondary effects will be cognitive assessments of WM. The participants will be evaluated before, immediately after, and 3 months after the end of the intervention. DISCUSSION The outcomes of this trial will add empirical evidence about the benefits and feasibility of an intervention that combines cognitive training with non-invasive brain stimulation. The objective is to contribute tools for optimal cognitive treatment in patients with MCI. To enhance WM capacity, postpone the impairment of functionality, and obtain a better quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05291208. Registered on 28 February 2022. ISRCTN87597719 retrospectively registered on 15 September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación del Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio LaNCE, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Begoña Góngora
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - María Francisca Alonso
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alonso Ortega
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Soto-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca González
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación del Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Adrián JA, Bermúdez-Llusá G, Caramés JM, Rodríguez-Parra MJ, Arango-Lasprilla JC. The NeuroBel: A Screening Test for Verbal Language Impairment in Spanish-Speaking Elderly People With Cognitive Decline. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2023; 32:2615-2629. [PMID: 37656140 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-23-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The NeuroBel is a short test that can detect cognitive decline using language tasks. This study replicated previous research using larger clinical samples from three Spanish-speaking countries. METHOD Eight tasks were used to analyze verbal language functioning using a psycholinguistic approach. A total of 232 elderly, monolingual Spanish speakers from Spain, Cuba, and Colombia participated in this study. Of these, 76 had Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the initial phase, 75 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 81 did not exhibit cognitive impairment (healthy controls). RESULTS Significant differences were observed among the three clinical groups. The participants with AD and the participants with MCI had significantly lower NeuroBel scores than the control group on most of the tasks. However, repetition (in AD vs. MCI) and auditory lexical decision (in MCI vs. control) tasks were not significant in Tukey's post hoc tests. Discriminant analysis showed that 80.6% of the participants were correctly classified into the original groups and revealed the tasks that were the best and worst for differentiating among groups. The receiver-operating characteristic curves showed high sensitivity for AD and MCI. The area under the curve was .97 in the contrast of AD versus MCI + controls, .96 in the determination of overall cognitive decline (AD + MCI vs. controls), and .93 in the contrast of MCI and control groups. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that the NeuroBel is a suitable test for detecting cognitive decline based on language impairment in Spanish-speaking elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Adrián
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Málaga, Spain
| | - Geidy Bermúdez-Llusá
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Caramés
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Málaga, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Parra
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, University of Granada, Spain
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Stasolla F, Di Gioia M. Combining reinforcement learning and virtual reality in mild neurocognitive impairment: a new usability assessment on patients and caregivers. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1189498. [PMID: 37293666 PMCID: PMC10244593 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1189498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
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