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Hayashi R, Yamazaki S, Mutoh N, Hashimoto T, Ohshima H, Tani-Ishii N. Influence of IgA nephropathy on the progression of pulpitis and apical periodontitis in HIGA mice. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:98-104. [PMID: 37979655 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy has been associated with oral infections such as periodontitis, but its pathogenesis is not fully understood; no treatments exist. This study analyzes the influence of IgA nephropathy, an autoimmune disease, on the pathogenesis of pulpitis and apical periodontitis. METHODS Two groups of mice were used in pulp infection experiments: high serum IgA nephropathy model mice (HIGA) and control mice (BALB/c). Histologic analyses of the pulp and apical periodontal tissues were performed on days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 following oral bacterial infection. The dynamics of odontoblasts, apoptotic cells, and IgA expression were analyzed using anti-Nestin, TUNEL, and anti-IgA staining, respectively. RESULTS Inflammatory cells infiltrated the exposed pulp at day three in both groups and by 14 days, these cells had infiltrated from the pulp to the apical periodontal tissue. The area of necrotic pulp tissue increased significantly in the control group at seven days. Odontoblasts decreased from day three onwards and disappeared by 28 days in both groups. The number of apoptotic cells in the pulp and apical periodontal tissues was significantly higher in the experimental group at day 28. The experimental group exhibited a significant increase in IgA production in the pulp after 14 days. Bone resorption in the apical periodontal tissue was significantly decreased in the experimental group at day 28. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that IgA nephropathy may modulate the inflammatory response and sustain long-term biological defense responses in pulpitis and apical periodontitis in HIGA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reona Hayashi
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - Shiori Yamazaki
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - Noriko Mutoh
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Hashimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tani-Ishii
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Kanagawa Dental University, Japan.
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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Arora S, Cooper PR, Friedlander LT, Rizwan S, Seo B, Rich AM, Hussaini HM. Potential application of immunotherapy for modulation of pulp inflammation: opportunities for vital pulp treatment. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1263-1274. [PMID: 33797765 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caries results in the demineralization and destruction of enamel and dentine, and as the disease progresses, irreversible pulpitis can occur. Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is directed towards pulp preservation and the prevention of the progression of inflammation. The outcomes of VPT are not always predictable, and there is often a poor correlation between clinical signs and symptoms, and the events occurring at a molecular level. The inflamed pulp expresses increased levels of cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17 and IL-23, which recruit and drive a complex cellular immune response. Chronic inflammation and sustained cytokine release can result in irreversible pulp damage and a decreased capacity for tissue healing. Other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, inflammatory bowel diseases and rheumatoid arthritis, are also characterized by an dysregulated immune response composed of relatively high cytokine levels and increased numbers of immune cells along with microbial and hard-soft tissue destructive pathologies. Whilst anti-cytokine therapies have been successfully applied in the treatment of these diseases, this approach is yet to be attempted in cases of pulp inflammation. This review therefore focuses on the similarities in the aetiology between chronic inflammatory diseases and pulpitis, and explores how anti-cytokine therapies could be applied to manage an inflamed pulp and facilitate healing. Further proof-of-concept studies and clinical trials are justified to determine the effectiveness of these treatments to enable more predictable outcomes in VPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Arora
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L T Friedlander
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Rizwan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B Seo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A M Rich
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H M Hussaini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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EDTA Promotes the Mineralization of Dental Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo. J Endod 2020; 47:458-465. [PMID: 33352150 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentin regeneration is one of the main goals of vital pulp treatment in which the biological properties of dental pulp cells (DPCs) need to be considered. In our previous study, we showed that EDTA could enhance the stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha-induced migration of DPCs. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of EDTA on the mineralization of dental pulp in vitro and in vivo. METHODS DPCs were obtained from human premolars or third molars. Alkaline phosphatase assays and alizarin red S staining were used to examine the degree of differentiation and mineralized nodule formation of DPCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the messenger RNA and protein expressions of mineralization-related markers in DPCs. Extracellular-regulated protein kinase and Smad inhibitors were used to study the roles of these 2 signaling pathways in this process. In addition, pulp exposures were created on 18 premolars of 2 beagle dogs (>12 months) using a high-speed dental handpiece. The experimental group (n = 9) was treated with 12% EDTA for 5 minutes, and the control group (n = 9) was treated with sterile saline for the same duration. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used for direct pulp capping followed by glass ionomer cement sealing. Samples were collected 3 months later, and the regenerated dentin was assessed by micro-computed tomographic and histologic analyses. RESULTS Exposure to 12% EDTA promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, the formation of mineralized nodules, and the messenger RNA and protein expressions of mineralization-related markers in DPCs. Furthermore, the process of 12% EDTA enhancing the differentiation of DPCs was mediated by the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling pathway and inhibited by the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. In vivo, compared with the control group, more regenerated dentin that had fewer tunnel defects was formed in the 12% EDTA-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 12% EDTA could promote the mineralization of dental pulp in vitro and in vivo.
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Lei S, Liu XM, Liu Y, Bi J, Zhu S, Chen X. Lipopolysaccharide Downregulates the Osteo-/Odontogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells From Apical Papilla by Inducing Autophagy. J Endod 2020; 46:502-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fawzy El-Sayed KM, Elsalawy R, Ibrahim N, Gadalla M, Albargasy H, Zahra N, Mokhtar S, El Nahhas N, El Kaliouby Y, Dörfer CE. The Dental Pulp Stem/Progenitor Cells-Mediated Inflammatory-Regenerative Axis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:445-460. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Nehal Zahra
- Faculty of Dentistry, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
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Feng X, Wang C, Gu Z, Ni J, Huang D, Feng G, Lian M, Lu Q, Song Y. Rosuvastatin Regulates Odontoblast Differentiation by Suppressing NF-κB Activation in an Inflammatory Environment. Cell Reprogram 2019; 21:18-25. [PMID: 30735076 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Department of Urology and Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Feng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Lian
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Wang C, Song Y, Gu Z, Lian M, Huang D, Lu X, Feng X, Lu Q. Wedelolactone Enhances Odontoblast Differentiation by Promoting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Suppressing NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:236-244. [PMID: 30089027 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2018.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihua Song
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingmei Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Ricucci D, Loghin S, Niu LN, Tay FR. Changes in the radicular pulp-dentine complex in healthy intact teeth and in response to deep caries or restorations: A histological and histobacteriological study. J Dent 2018; 73:76-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Widbiller M, Eidt A, Wölflick M, Lindner SR, Schweikl H, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Galler KM. Interactive effects of LPS and dentine matrix proteins on human dental pulp stem cells. Int Endod J 2018; 51:877-888. [PMID: 29377169 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the combinatorial effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracted dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) on regenerative and inflammatory responses in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODOLOGY Culture media were supplemented with several concentrations of LPS, eDMP and combinations of both. Cell viability was assessed over 1 week by MTT assay; cell survival was evaluated after 24 h and 7 days by flow cytometry. The expression of mineralization-associated marker genes was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To analyse the inflammatory response, secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was quantified in the initial and the late phase of cell culture by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were treated nonparametrically and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to compare all experimental groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS Whereas LPS had no impact on viability, eDMP led to a concentration-dependent decrease, which was significant after 7 days (P ≤ 0.024). A moderate decline of cell survival induced by LPS was detected after 48 h (P ≤ 0.026), whereas eDMP was able to reverse this effect. eDMP alone caused increased expression of tested marker genes, LPS had no regulatory effect. Combined eDMP and LPS induced an upregulation of collagen type I and osteocalcin, whereas expression levels of dentine matrix acidic phosphoprotein and dentine sialophosphoprotein were similar to the control. IL-6-secretion was increased by LPS over time. eDMP markedly elevated initial production of IL-6 (P ≤ 0.002), but suppressed LPS-induced cytokine production in the later phase. CONCLUSIONS Lipopolysaccharide did not affect cell viability but interfered with odontoblast-like cell differentiation of DPSCs. Proteins from the dentine matrix may have a protective effect, attenuate the detrimental impact of LPS and thus play an important role during pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Eidt
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S R Lindner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-A Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Dental Pulp Defence and Repair Mechanisms in Dental Caries. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:230251. [PMID: 26538821 PMCID: PMC4619960 DOI: 10.1155/2015/230251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease resulting from the penetration of oral bacteria into the enamel and dentin. Microorganisms subsequently trigger inflammatory responses in the dental pulp. These events can lead to pulp healing if the infection is not too severe following the removal of diseased enamel and dentin tissues and clinical restoration of the tooth. However, chronic inflammation often persists in the pulp despite treatment, inducing permanent loss of normal tissue and reducing innate repair capacities. For complete tooth healing the formation of a reactionary/reparative dentin barrier to distance and protect the pulp from infectious agents and restorative materials is required. Clinical and in vitro experimental data clearly indicate that dentin barrier formation only occurs when pulp inflammation and infection are minimised, thus enabling reestablishment of tissue homeostasis and health. Therefore, promoting the resolution of pulp inflammation may provide a valuable therapeutic opportunity to ensure the sustainability of dental treatments. This paper focusses on key cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pulp responses to bacteria and in the pulpal transition between caries-induced inflammation and dentinogenic-based repair. We report, using selected examples, different strategies potentially used by odontoblasts and specialized immune cells to combat dentin-invading bacteria in vivo.
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He W, Wang Z, Luo Z, Yu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. LPS promote the odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells via MAPK signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:554-61. [PMID: 25104580 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) show significant potential for exploitation in novel regeneration strategies, although lack of understanding of their responses to bacterial challenge constrains their application. The present study aimed to investigate whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major pathogenic factor of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates the differentiation of hDPSCs and which intracellular signaling pathways may be involved. LPS treatment significantly promoted the differentiation of hDPSCs demonstrable by increased mineralized nodule formation and mRNA expression of several odontoblastic markers in a dose-dependent manner. While inhibition of TLR4, p38, and ERK signaling markedly antagonized LPS-mediated differentiation of hDPSCs. The inhibition of JNK and NF-κB signaling had no detectable effect on LPS activation of hDPSCs. LPS stimulation resulted in phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, IκB-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in DPSCs in a time-dependent manner, which was markedly suppressed by their specific inhibitors, respectively. Data demonstrated that LPS promoted odontoblastic differentiation of hDPSCs via TLR4, ERK, and P38 MAPK signaling pathways, but not NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Identification and analysis of a novel bmp4 enhancer in Fugu genome. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:540-5. [PMID: 25594624 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) in epithelial and mesenchymal cells is critical for the development of many organs including teeth. Since Bmp4 has a complex and widespread regulatory area in mammals, the tissue-specific enhancers that are responsible for mesenchymal expression of Bmp4 are difficult to identify in mammals. TakiFugu rubripes (Fugu, pufferfish) has a highly compact genome size and is widely used in comparative genomics studies of gene regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we used the Fugu genome to evaluate the 15kb promoter region upstream of the Fugu bmp4 gene. By DNA segmental cloning and luciferase assay with two dental odontoblast-like cell lines, a dental ameloblast-like cell line, and a kidney fibroblast cell line, we identified a 485bp cis-regulatory enhancer between -4213 and -3728bp of the Fugu bmp4 gene. This enhancer showed strong transcriptional activity in all three dental cell lines and, to a lesser extent, also in kidney fibroblast cells. Though not located in an evolutionary conserved region, the enhancer activity for the DNA segment is intense. This is the first time a bmp4 enhancer sequence with activity in both mesenchymal and epithelial cells has been identified, which will help to decode the mechanism of tooth development in vertebrates.
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Cooper PR, Smith AJ. Molecular mediators of pulp inflammation and regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Recruitment of dental pulp cells by dentine and pulp extracellular matrix components. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2397-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Carrilho M, Nascimento FD, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Manzoli L, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L. A review of the nature, role, and function of dentin non-collagenous proteins. Part II: enzymes, serum proteins, and growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yuan B, Dong R, Shi D, Zhou Y, Zhao Y, Miao M, Jiao B. Down-regulation of miR-23b may contribute to activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway during the termination stage of liver regeneration. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:927-34. [PMID: 21354414 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play important roles in liver regeneration, although the role of miRNAs associated with the termination of liver regeneration is not as well studied. Here we reported the down-regulation of miR-23b in the termination stage of liver regeneration in rats. In addition, Smad3 was identified as a target of miR-23b during liver regeneration. Up-regulation of miR-23b promoted BRL-3A cell proliferation and partially inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, TGF-β1 transcriptionally inhibited miR-23b expression. We conclude that down-regulation of miR-23b may contribute to activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signalling pathway during the termination stage of liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Cooper PR, Takahashi Y, Graham LW, Simon S, Imazato S, Smith AJ. Inflammation–regeneration interplay in the dentine–pulp complex. J Dent 2010; 38:687-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kwon SM, Kim SA, Yoon JH, Ahn SG. Transforming growth factor beta1-induced heat shock protein 27 activation promotes migration of mouse dental papilla-derived MDPC-23 cells. J Endod 2010; 36:1332-5. [PMID: 20647091 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) regulates cellular functions including cell growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. The TGFbeta1 signal transduction pathways are mostly undefined in mouse dental papilla-derived MDPC-23 cells. In this study, we investigated TGFbeta1-induced migration focusing on heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) activation. METHODS Cellular responses mediated by TGFbeta1 in MDPC-23 cells were measured by Western blot and MTT assays. Cell migration was determined by counting migrated cells using the chemotaxis cell migration assay. RESULTS TGFbeta1 induced cell migration and increased the phosphorylation of Hsp27 and p38 MAPK in MDPC-23 cells. However, TGFbeta1 did not affect Akt/NF-kappaB signaling to regulate the migration of MDPC-23 cells. Inhibiting p38 MAPK with SB203580 blocked TGFbeta1-induced Hsp27 activation and cell migration. CONCLUSION Hsp27 phosphorylation followed by p38 MAPK activation was required for TGFbeta1-induced migration, and Hsp27 itself contributed to MDPC-23 cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Dentistry Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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21
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Adrenomedullin is expressed during rodent dental tissue development and promotes cell growth and mineralization. Biol Cell 2010; 102:145-57. [PMID: 19828015 DOI: 10.1042/bc20090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION ADM (adrenomedullin) has pleiotropic effects, including regulation of inflammation, infection, angiogenesis, mineralized-tissue formation and development. Recently, we demonstrated up-regulation of the ADM transcript in diseased pulpal tissue while the protein is sequestered within the dentine extracellular matrix during dentinogenesis. The present study aimed to characterize ADM localization during rodent dental tissue development and determine its potential effects on dental cells. Finally, we sought to profile ADM transcript levels in adult organs and tissues to compare its expression in teeth relative to other tissues. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of developmental rat oral tissues indicated that, at E16 (embryonic day 16), ADM was present in dental epithelium and, by E18, ADM localized to the dental papilla and inner and outer dental epithelia. By E20, ADM was detected in secretory odontoblasts and ameloblasts and exhibited a similar expression profile to that of the key dentinogenesis signalling molecule, TGF-beta1 (transforming growth factor-beta1). Cell growth analysis in the dental MDPC-23, OD-21 and control 3T3 cell lines exposed to ADM (range 10(-15)-10(-7) M) together with EDTA-extracted DMPs (dentine matrix proteins) (range 0.00001-1000 mg/ml) containing comparable concentrations of ADM demonstrated that ADM stimulated a biphasic response in dental cell growth, comparable with that of DMPs, with peak stimulation observed at approximately 10(-11) M. For mineralization analysis, cell lines were exposed to combinations of 50 microg/ml ascorbic acid, 10 mM beta-G (beta-glycerophosphate), 10(-8) M DEX (dexamethasone) and ADM (range 10(-15)-10(-7) M). The results demonstrated that ADM could substitute for DEX to stimulate mineralization. Postnatally, multiple tissue expression profiling indicated abundant ADM levels in tongue and pulpal tissues. CONCLUSIONS During oral and dental tissue development ADM initially localizes to epithelial tissue, whereas during later stages it is present in mineralized secreting cells, including odontoblasts. ADM may regulate proliferation and mineralization processes during development, whereas, in adulthood, it may be important for maintaining dental tissue homoeostasis.
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Phenotype and behaviour of dental pulp cells during expansion culture. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:898-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Karube H, Nishitai G, Inageda K, Kurosu H, Matsuoka M. NaF Activates MAPKs and Induces Apoptosis in Odontoblast-like Cells. J Dent Res 2009; 88:461-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509334771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of fluoride on odontoblasts are not clear. In this study, we examined whether NaF induces apoptosis in MDPC-23 odontoblast-like cells and the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in NaF-induced apoptosis. MDPC-23 cells incubated with 5 mM NaF for 24 hrs exhibited caspase-3 activation, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, DNA fragmentation, and an increase in cytoplasmic nucleosomes. Prior to the induction of apoptosis, all MAPKs examined were phosphorylated, but in a different manner. In contrast to the sustained phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, NaF exposure induced a biphasic phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). NaF-induced apoptosis was markedly suppressed by treatment with the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, and mildly suppressed by the MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor, U0126. Inhibition of p38 activity did not protect cells from apoptosis. Thus, exposure to NaF induces apoptosis in odontoblast-like cells, depending on JNK and, less significantly, ERK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Karube
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - G. Nishitai
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - K. Inageda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - H. Kurosu
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - M. Matsuoka
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health I, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Lee DS, Park JT, Kim HM, Ko JS, Son HH, Gronostajski RM, Cho MI, Choung PH, Park JC. Nuclear factor I-C is essential for odontogenic cell proliferation and odontoblast differentiation during tooth root development. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:17293-17303. [PMID: 19386589 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.009084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) null mice developed short molar roots that contain aberrant odontoblasts and abnormal dentin formation. Based on these findings, we performed studies to elucidate the function of NFI-C in odontoblasts. Initial studies demonstrated that aberrant odontoblasts become dissociated and trapped in an osteodentin-like mineralized tissue. Abnormal odontoblasts exhibit strong bone sialoprotein expression but a decreased level of dentin sialophosphoprotein expression when compared with wild type odontoblasts. Loss of Nfic results in an increase in p-Smad2/3 expression in aberrant odontoblasts and pulp cells in the subodontoblastic layer in vivo and primary pulp cells from Nfic-deficient mice in vitro. Cell proliferation analysis of both cervical loop and ectomesenchymal cells of the Nfic-deficient mice revealed significantly decreased proliferative activity compared with wild type mice. In addition, Nfic-deficient primary pulp cells showed increased expression of p21 and p16 but decreased expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1, strongly suggesting cell growth arrest caused by a lack of Nfic activity. Analysis of the pulp and abnormal dentin in Nfic-deficient mice revealed an increase in apoptotic activity. Further, Nfic-deficient primary pulp cells exhibited an increase in caspase-8 and -3 activation, whereas the cleaved form of Bid was hardly detected. These results indicate that the loss of Nfic leads to the suppression of odontogenic cell proliferation and differentiation and induces apoptosis of aberrant odontoblasts during root formation, thereby contributing to the formation of short roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seol Lee
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Jong-Tae Park
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Hyun-Man Kim
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Jea Seung Ko
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Ho-Hyun Son
- Conservative Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Richard M Gronostajski
- Department of Biochemistry and the Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science, Buffalo, New York 14214-3092
| | - Moon-Il Cho
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214-3092
| | - Pill-Hoon Choung
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul 110-749, Korea; Tooth Bioengineering National Research Lab, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | - Joo-Cheol Park
- From the Department of Oral Histology-Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
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Tai TF, Chan CP, Lin CC, Chen LI, Jeng JH, Chang MC. Transforming Growth Factor β2 Regulates Growth and Differentiation of Pulp Cells via ALK5/Smad2/3. J Endod 2008; 34:427-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2007] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Smith AJ, Lumley PJ, Tomson PL, Cooper PR. Dental regeneration and materials—a partnership. Clin Oral Investig 2008; 12:103-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-008-0189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tomson PL, Grover LM, Lumley PJ, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ, Cooper PR. Dissolution of bio-active dentine matrix components by mineral trioxide aggregate. J Dent 2007; 35:636-42. [PMID: 17566626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the soluble components of setting and set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), assess the abilities of two varieties of MTA and Ca(OH)(2) solutions to solubilise dentine matrix proteins (DMPs) and determine if these extracts contain signalling molecules important to pulpal repair and regeneration. METHODS The metallic ion composition of solutions of white and grey MTA (pH 11.7), 0.02M Ca(OH)(2) (pH 11.9) and 10% EDTA (pH 7.2) was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Extracellular dentine matrix components from powdered human dentine were extracted using all solutions over 14 days. Extracts were analysed for concentrations of non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and protein profiles were examined using 1D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE). ELISAs for TGF-beta1 and adrenomedullin (ADM) were also performed. RESULTS Aluminium, calcium, potassium, and sodium ions were detected in both white and grey MTA solutions. MTA and Ca(OH)(2) solutions liberated similar amounts of GAGs and NCPs although yields were considerably lower than those obtained using the EDTA solution. 1D-PAGE analysis demonstrated differences in protein profiles solubilised from dentine for all solutions. All extracts contained TGF-beta1 and ADM, EDTA solution liberated significantly greater amounts of TGF-beta1, and Ca(OH)(2) and grey MTA solutions released more ADM. CONCLUSIONS These data imply that when placed clinically soluble components of set and setting MTA may release dentine matrix components that potentially influence cellular events for dentine repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip L Tomson
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
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Abstract
The dentine-pulp complex displays exquisite regenerative potential in response to injury. The postnatal dental pulp contains a variety of potential progenitor/stem cells, which may participate in dental regeneration. A population of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells known as dental pulp stem cells with high proliferative potential for self-renewal has been described and may be important to the regenerative capacity of the tissue. The nature of the progenitor/stem cell populations in the pulp is of importance in understanding their potentialities and development of isolation or recruitment strategies, and allowing exploitation of their use in regeneration and tissue engineering. Various strategies will be required to ensure not only effective isolation of these cells, but also controlled signalling of their differentiation and regulation of secretory behaviour. Characterization of these cells and determination of their potentialities in terms of specificity of regenerative response will form the foundation for development of new clinical treatment modalities, whether involving directed recruitment of the cells and seeding of stem cells at sites of injury for regeneration or use of the stem cells with appropriate scaffolds for tissue engineering solutions. Such approaches will provide an innovative and novel biologically based new generation of clinical treatments for dental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sloan
- Oral Surgery, Medicine & Pathology, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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Arany S, Nakata A, Kameda T, Koyota S, Ueno Y, Sugiyama T. Phenotype properties of a novel spontaneously immortalized odontoblast-lineage cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 342:718-24. [PMID: 16494847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on the spontaneous immortalization upon serial passages of mouse fetal dental papilla cells, which present odontoblast phenotype features. The cells named odontoblast-lineage cell (OLC) produced dentin extracellular matrix proteins, such as DSP and DMP1, and maintained transcripts of various matrix components as osteopontin, BMP-4, procollagen-1, and MEPE. The addition of osteogenic differentiation medium with beta-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid was effective for inducing calcification and mineralization in vitro in cell cultures for up to 28 days. For the first time, we investigated the expression of Lhx6 and Lhx7 genes during induced biomineralization, since these new members of LIM homeodomain proteins have been recently proposed tracking odontoblastic phenotypes. Our results indicate that beta-glycerophosphate treatment of OLC cultures decreases Lhx6 transcript levels in vitro. Our findings proved odontoblast phenotype-specificity, which demonstrates that this novel odontoblast-lineage cell line is a valuable tool for future experiments in odontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Arany
- Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Graham L, Cooper PR, Cassidy N, Nor JE, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ. The effect of calcium hydroxide on solubilisation of bio-active dentine matrix components. Biomaterials 2006; 27:2865-73. [PMID: 16427123 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) has been used extensively to induce dentine regeneration through formation of dentine bridges at sites of pulp exposure after dental tissue injury, however, the biological processes underpinning these events are unclear. We hypothesise that growth factors and other bio-active molecules, sequestered within dentine matrix, may be released by the action of Ca(OH)(2) and signal gene expression in pulp cells, which mediates the changes in cell behaviour observed during regeneration. Powdered sound, human dentine samples were extracted with either 0.02 m Ca(OH)(2), pH 11.7 or 10% EDTA, pH 7.2 ( a control known extractant of bio-active and other ECM molecules from dentine) over a 14-day period. Extracts were compared for non-collagenous protein (NCP) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content using dye binding assays and protein compositions were analysed by 1D-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE) and TGF-beta1 ELISA. The effects of extracts on TGF-beta1, Collagen-1alpha and Nestin gene expression were analysed using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in the dental MDPC-23, OD-21 and fibroblastic Swiss 3T3 cell lines following 24h of exposure. Ca(OH)(2) solubilised NCPs and GAGs from the dentine ECM, although with a lower yield than the EDTA solution and with different kinetics. 1D-PAGE analysis demonstrated some differences in profiles for proteins solubilised from dentine by Ca(OH)(2) and EDTA. Both solutions released TGF-beta1 from the dentine with higher concentrations present in the EDTA (1.395 +/- 0.036 ng/mg) versus the Ca(OH)(2) (0.364 +/- 0.012 ng/mg) extract. Notably, both extracts induced similar gene expression profiles in all cell lines. These data provide a rational explanation for the action of Ca(OH)(2) during pulp capping in which the cellular activities involved in dentine bridge formation may be mediated through release of growth factors and other bio-active molecules from the dentine by Ca(OH)(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Graham
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, St. Chads Queensway B4 6NN, UK
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