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Pinkhasov I, Kabakov L, Nemcovsky CE, Weinreb M, Schlesinger P, Bender O, Gal M, Bar DZ, Weinberg E. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of oral masticatory and lining mucosa-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:807-818. [PMID: 36864739 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the heterogeneity of ex vivo-cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either masticatory or lining oral mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were retrieved from the lamina propria of the hard palate and alveolar mucosa of three individuals. The analysis of transcriptomic-level differences was accomplished using single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Cluster analysis clearly distinguished between cells from the masticatory and lining oral mucosa, and revealed 11 distinct cell sub-populations, annotated as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells or mesenchymal stem cells. Interestingly, cells presenting a mesenchymal stem cell-like gene expression pattern were predominantly found in masticatory mucosa. Although cells of masticatory mucosa origin were highly enriched for biological processes associated with wound healing, those from the lining oral mucosa were highly enriched for biological processes associated with the regulation of epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our previous work had shown that cells from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous. Here, we extend these findings to show that these changes are not the result of differences in averages but rather represent two distinct cell populations, with mesenchymal stem cells more common in masticatory mucosa. These features may contribute to specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Pinkhasov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Kabakov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miron Weinreb
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pnina Schlesinger
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Omer Bender
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maayan Gal
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Tayman MA, Koyuncu İ. Differential gene expression of ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 in periodontitis. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:126-131. [PMID: 36093887 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) are metalloproteinases that bind to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to regulate tissue remodeling and homeostasis. ADAMTS can be inhibited by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Expression of ADAMTS increases under inflammatory conditions. We investigated the mRNA expression of ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 genes in both healthy gingival tissues and periodontitis. Clinical periodontal measurements were conducted and gingival biopsies were obtained from stage IIIgrade C generalized periodontitis and healthy (control) groups. mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR). All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the periodontitis group than for the control group. ADAMTS-1 levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group and were significantly correlated with clinical attachment level and probing pocket depth. Differences in ADAMTS-9 and TIMP-3 mRNA in the periodontitis group compared to the control group were not statistically significant. Increased ADAMTS-1 mRNA expression in periodontitis indicates that members of the ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases are associated with pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease. Maintaining balance between ADAMTS and TIMP is important for limiting ECM catabolism and preventing tissue damage.
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de Carvalho MM, Hidalgo MAR, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Ribeiro Junior NV, Sperandio FF, Pigossi SC, de Carli ML. Photobiomodulation of gingival lesions resulting from autoimmune diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3949-3964. [PMID: 35024960 PMCID: PMC8755514 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) in gingival lesions resulting from autoimmune diseases; to compare PBM and topical corticosteroid (CS) treatment; and to assess PBM outcome over time of follow-up. Materials and methods A comprehensive electronic search was performed in four electronic databases. Treatment effects were measured through visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and clinical evolution of lesion (Thongprasom scale for oral lichen planus (OLP)). Meta-analysis was performed to compare PBM with topical corticosteroid treatment and to evaluate PBM effect over time of follow-up. Results Seventeen studies were included in this review, of which six were used for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results showed no significant differences between PBM and topical CS in pain reduction at baseline (MD = 0.20, 95% CI = − 0.92, 1.32, p = 0.72) and 60-day follow-up (MD = 0.63, 95% CI = − 3.93, 5.19, p = 0.79); however, VAS showed significant pain reduction when compared before and after PBM at 30-day (MD = − 3.52, 95% CI = − 5.40, − 1.64, p = 0.0002) and 60-day (MD = − 5.04, 95% CI = − 5.86, − 4.22, p < 0.00001) follow-up. Thongprasom clinical scale for OLP also showed significant improvement at 30-day follow-up (MD = − 2.50, 95% CI = − 2.92, − 2.08, p < 0.00001) after PBM. Conclusion PBM led to significant reduction of pain and clinical scores of the lesions, not having shown significant differences when compared to topical CS. Clinical relevance PBM has been used in the treatment of autoimmune gingival lesions, but so far there is little strong evidence to support its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Moraes de Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Rimachi Hidalgo
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, FOAr/UNESP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Mantuaneli Scarel-Caminaga
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, FOAr/UNESP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Noé Vital Ribeiro Junior
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fornias Sperandio
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzane Cristina Pigossi
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Marina Lara de Carli
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 - Centro, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil.
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Kabakov L, Nemcovsky CE, Plasmanik-Chor M, Meir H, Bar DZ, Weinberg E. Fibroblasts from the oral masticatory and lining mucosa have different gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1393-1401. [PMID: 34409631 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the gene expression profiles and proliferation rates of fibroblasts from the oral lining and masticatory mucosae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human fibroblasts were retrieved from the posterior masticatory hard palate and the lining alveolar mucosa of five individuals. The gene expression profile was evaluated using total RNA sequencing. The proliferation rate was determined colorimetrically. RESULTS Substantial differences in specific gene groups and pathways were observed between fibroblasts from the two tissues. Significantly enriched gene ontology processes were focused on the extracellular components. Lining mucosa fibroblasts exhibited significantly higher expression of the principal structural collagens, cranial neural crest markers, and homeobox genes associated with positional memory. Masticatory mucosa fibroblasts showed greater expression of genes related to transforming growth factor-β signalling, which may be associated with fibrosis. In addition, they expressed higher levels of the EP2 prostaglandin E2 receptor and Toll-like receptor 1. Finally, masticatory mucosa fibroblasts exhibited a 10%-30% higher proliferation rate. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblasts from the lining and masticatory oral mucosae are phenotypically heterogeneous, presenting distinct gene expression profiles and proliferation rates. These features may contribute to their specific physiological functions and have relevance for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Kabakov
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Carlos E Nemcovsky
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Metsada Plasmanik-Chor
- Bioinformatics Unit, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haya Meir
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Z Bar
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeny Weinberg
- Department of Oral Biology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Nezu A, Kubota T, Maruyama S, Nagata M, Nohno K, Morozumi T, Yoshie H. Expression of neprilysin in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 79:35-41. [PMID: 28285126 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the pathogeneses of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontal diseases have overlapping features, including ageing and chronic inflammation, the association between AD and periodontitis remains unclear. To explore the pathogenesis of periodontitis, a comprehensive gene expression/transcriptome analysis in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues found that the AD pathway was significantly up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. AD-related genes, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), interleukin-1 beta and compliment 1QA, were significantly elevated in periodontitis. In the present study, balance between mRNA expression of APP and a potent amyloid degradation enzyme, neprilysin (NEP), as well as protein localisation of APP and NEP were analysed. DESIGN Eighteen periodontitis-affected and 18 clinically healthy control gingival tissues were taken from patients with severe chronic periodontitis or undergoing tooth extraction. Total RNA was purified and used for quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The localisation of APP and NEP was analysed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Both APP and NEP genes were up-regulated in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues. APP-expressing macrophages and NEP-expressing neutrophils and fibroblasts, reflecting inflammatory stages, were detected in inflamed gingival tissues by IHC. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of APP and NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis-affected gingival tissues compared with healthy controls was confirmed by qRT-PCR analyses. Since NEP is one of the primary enzymes that degrades amyloid beta, increased NEP mRNA levels in periodontitis may act as an inhibitor of amyloid beta accumulation in gingival tissues, balancing increased APP mRNA expression. However, NEP has several effects including degradation of vasoactive substances; therefore, further sresearch is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nezu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - T Kubota
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan.
| | - S Maruyama
- Oral Pathology Section, Department of Surgical Pathology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
| | - M Nagata
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - K Nohno
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - T Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
| | - H Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan; Division of Periodontics, Department of Preventive and Conservative Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Japan
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6
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Tomita T, Kubota T, Nakasone N, Morozumi T, Abe D, Maruyama S, Shimizu T, Horimizu M, Saku T, Yoshie H. Gene and protein localisation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α converting enzyme in gingival tissues from periodontitis patients with drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1014-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jung HY, Kim YG, Park JW, Suh JY, Lee JM. The expression of a nitric oxide derivative, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-4 in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2013; 43:87-95. [PMID: 23678392 PMCID: PMC3651942 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2013.43.2.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, and TIMP-4 in the gingival tissues of periodontal patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods Depending on the patient's systemic condition and clinical criteria of the gingiva, each gingival sample was classified into one of three groups. Sixteen clinically, systemically healthy patients (group 1), 16 periodontal patients (group 2), and 16 periodontal patients with DM (group 3) were included. Tissue samples in each group were collected, prepared, and analyzed by western blotting. Quantification of the relative amount of TIMP-3, TIMP-4, and iNOS was performed. Results The expression levels of iNOS and TIMP-3 both increased in group 1, group 2, and group 3 in increasing order, and were significantly higher in both group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1 (P<0.05). The expression levels of TIMP-4 increased in the same order, but significantly increased in group 2 as compared to group 1, in group 3 as compared to group 1, and group 3 as compared to group 2 (P<0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrated that iNOS, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 might be involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM. It is thought that further study of these factors can be applied practically for the diagnosis and control of periodontitis in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yub Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea
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Zhang QZ, Nguyen AL, Yu WH, Le AD. Human oral mucosa and gingiva: a unique reservoir for mesenchymal stem cells. J Dent Res 2012; 91:1011-8. [PMID: 22988012 DOI: 10.1177/0022034512461016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of progenitor cells with self-renewal and multipotent differentiation potential. Aside from their regenerative role, extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that MSCs are capable of potent immunomodulatory effects on a variety of innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we will review recent experimental studies on the characterization of a unique population of MSCs derived from human oral mucosa and gingiva, especially their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions and their application in the treatment of several in vivo models of inflammatory diseases. The ease of isolation, accessible tissue source, and rapid ex vivo expansion, with maintenance of stable stem-cell-like phenotypes, render oral mucosa- and gingiva-derived MSCs a promising alternative cell source for MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Z Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, Penn Dental Medicine and Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Rostami Z, Einollahi B, Einollahi MJ, lessan S. The impact of amlodipine on gingival enlargement after kidney transplantation. Nephrourol Mon 2012; 4:565-70. [PMID: 23573487 PMCID: PMC3614294 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.5427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background: Although cyclosporine (CsA) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) parallel to each other may provoke gingival enlargement (GE), there are few considerations about combined effects of CsA and CCBs on gingival tissues. Objectives: This study aimed to determine prevalence of GE among renal transplant recipients and to compare its occurrence in patients who received only CsA and those who were on CsA and amlodipine. Patients and Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized case-control trial including 213 renal transplant recipients between February 2010 and August 2010. They were randomly divided into two groups including control group (on continuous treatment with CsA alone; n = 112) and trial group (treated with combined CsA and amlodipine; n = 101). Buccal, lingual, and inter-proximal membranes at last 12 anterior teeth were assessed for GE and packet depth (PD) using Gingival Index of McGaw and others, and Packet Index of Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman, respectively. Results: Marked GE was observed in 26 patients (25.7%) in trial group and only in 4 individuals (3.6%) in control group (P = 0.000). In logistic regression analysis, obese (OR = 3, P = 0.04), older (OR = 2.8, P = 0.03), and female (OR = 1.3, P = 0.03) recipients as well as who received high dose amlodipine (OR = 4.4, P = 0.000) were at risk for marked GE. Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between GE, in particular marked GE, and combination therapy with CsA and amlodipine in transplant patients compared to those treated by CsA alone. We suggest CsA dose reduction may restrain this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rostami
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Zohreh Rostami, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Molla Sadra Ave, Vanak Sq. Tehran, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-9121544897, Fax: +98-81262073, E-mail:
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Simin lessan
- Oral Medicine Department, Islamic Azad University-DentalBranch, Tehran, IR Iran
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Drewlo S, Czikk M, Baczyk D, Lye S, Kingdom J. Glial cell missing-1 mediates over-expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 in severe pre-eclamptic placental villi. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1025-34. [PMID: 21406447 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe pre-eclampsia (sPE) causes significant maternal morbidity and intrauterine growth restriction as a result of severe placental dysfunction. Defects in the formation of both extra-villous and villous trophoblast are characteristic of this disease. The outer syncytiotrophoblast layer covering the placental villi develops syncytial knots and focal necrosis while reduced invasion of the extra-villous trophoblast results in a reduced maternal blood supply and ischemia of the placental villi. The transcription factor glial cell missing-1 (GCM1) regulates formation of both types of trophoblast. GCM1 expression is reduced in placental villi of women with sPE but the functional downstream consequences of reduced GCM1 expression are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS In floating first trimester villous explants we demonstrated increased mRNA (2.5-fold, n = 12) and protein level (9.8-fold) of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 (TIMP4) following repression of GCM1 (70 ± 7%) by small interfering-RNA, using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Similar increases in TIMP4 mRNA (4.2-fold, n = 7, P< 0.001 versus control) and protein levels were found following gene silencing of GCM1 in BeWo cells (<90% knock down of protein). TIMP4 protein was increased in placenta from women with sPE (3.5 ± 0.4 pg/µg, n = 8), compared with preterm (1.7 ± 0.17 pg/µg, n = 9) and term controls (1.6 ± 0.16 pg/µg, n = 9; P< 0.01; quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and visualized using immunohistochemistry) with reduced GCM1 expression, mostly in the pathologic syncytial knots. CONCLUSIONS TIMP4 is a downstream target of GCM1 that may link the consequences of reduced GCM-1-directed trophoblast differentiation to histologic and functional components of disordered placentation in sPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Drewlo
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Shimizu T, Kubota T, Nakasone N, Abe D, Morozumi T, Yoshie H. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR analyses in calcium-channel blockers induced gingival overgrowth tissues of periodontitis patients. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 56:277-84. [PMID: 21035109 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to analyse transcriptomes and mRNA expression levels for specific genes in calcium-channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth (GO) tissues. DESIGN Eight gingival tissues samples (from both GO negative and positive sites) were harvested from four GO patients for microarray analyses. Twelve candidate genes were selected for further quantitative real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. Ten GO tissues from periodontitis patients and ten control gingival tissues from healthy subjects were compared by qRT-PCR. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical evaluation. RESULTS In GO positive tissues, 163-1631 up-regulated and 100-695 down-regulated genes were identified with more than two-fold changes compared with GO negative tissues amongst patients by microarray experiments. No commonly expressed genes amongst the eight sets of microarray data were found. The clustering analysis confirmed that the entire transcriptome patterns showed similarities in individuals, but differences amongst the four patients. The qRT-PCR and statistical analyses for the candidate genes, though, revealed differential gene expressions between GO-positive and negative tissues. We found that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-12 as well as cathepsin-L were significantly up-regulated whilst keratin-10 and transforming growth factor-β1 were significantly down-regulated in GO tissues of periodontitis patients compared with the control gingival tissues of healthy subjects. CONCLUSION The microarray analyses revealed that GO pathogenesis was complex and individually varied, though GO-affected gingival tissues were controlled at least by genes related to collagen metabolisms including regulated MMPs, cathepsin-L, growth factors, and keratins to maintain tissue homeostasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Shimizu
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan
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