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Dermatophytic Biofilms: Characteristics, Significance and Treatment Approaches. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020228. [PMID: 36836342 PMCID: PMC9960790 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are found in the environment, possibly more often as biofilms than in planktonic forms. Biofilm formation has been described for several important fungal species. The presence of a dermatophytoma in a dermatophytic nail infection was the basis for the proposal that dermatophytes form biofilms as well. This could explain treatment failure and recurrent dermatophytic infections. Several investigators have performed in vitro and ex vivo experiments to study the formation of biofilms by dermatophytes and their properties. The nature of the biofilm structure itself contributes to fungal protection mechanisms against many harmful external agents, including antifungals. Thus, a different approach should be carried out regarding susceptibility testing and treatment. Concerning susceptibility testing, methods to evaluate either the inhibition of biofilm formation, or the ability to eradicate it, have been introduced. As for treatment, in addition to classical antifungal agents, some natural formulations, such as plant extracts or biosurfactants, and alternative approaches, such as photodynamic therapy, have been proposed. Studies that connect the results of the in vitro and ex vivo experimentation with clinical outcomes are required in order to verify the efficacy of these approaches in clinical practice.
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Alves PJ, Gryson L, Hajjar J, Lepelletier D, Reners M, Rodríguez Salazar J, Simon A. Role of antiseptics in the prevention and treatment of infections in nursing homes. J Hosp Infect 2023; 131:58-69. [PMID: 36216172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Inadequate infection control, wound care, and oral hygiene protocols in nursing homes pose challenges to residents' quality of life. Based on the outcomes from a focus group meeting and a literature search, this narrative review evaluates the current and potential roles of antiseptics within nursing home infection management procedures. We examine contemporary strategies and concerns within the management of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; including decolonization regimes), chronic wound care, and oral hygiene, and review the available data for the use of antiseptics, with a focus on povidone-iodine. Compared with chlorhexidine, polyhexanide, and silver, povidone-iodine has a broader spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with rapid and potent activity against MRSA and other microbes found in chronic wounds, including biofilms. As no reports of bacterial resistance or cross-resistance following exposure to povidone-iodine exist, it may be preferable for MRSA decolonization compared with mupirocin and chlorhexidine, which can lead to resistant MRSA strains. Povidone-iodine oral products have greater efficacy against oral pathogens compared with other antiseptics such as chlorhexidine mouthwash, highlighting the clinical benefit of povidone-iodine in oral care. Additionally, povidone-iodine-based products, including mouthwash, have demonstrated rapid in-vitro virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may help reduce its transmission if incorporated into nursing home coronavirus 2019 control protocols. Importantly, povidone-iodine activity is not adversely affected by organic material, such as that found in chronic wounds and the oral cavity. Povidone-iodine is a promising antiseptic agent for the management of infections in the nursing home setting, including MRSA decolonization procedures, chronic wound management, and oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Alves
- Wounds Research Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Portugal.
| | - L Gryson
- Belgian Defence Medical Component, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Hajjar
- Infection Control Practitioner, Consultant, Pau, France
| | - D Lepelletier
- Hospital Hygiene Department, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - M Reners
- Private Dental Practice, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - A Simon
- Infection Control Team, Groupe Hospitalier Jolimont, Haine Saint-Paul, Belgium
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3
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Chen S, Tang L, Xu M, Chen T, Zhao S, Liu M, Liu S. Light-emitting-diode-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:311-321. [PMID: 34907599 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of light-emitting diode (LED)-based photodynamic therapies in the treatment of periodontitis is increasing because these modalities are effective, safe, and painless. They are not subject to acquired drug resistance or environmental issues and are associated with no complications when used appropriately. These light sources have also been used in combination with pharmacological measures to synergize their effects and optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review focuses on optical devices used in treating periodontitis and delineates the current applications of various methods, including their utility and efficacy. The application of LEDs in periodontology is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Tang
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianran Chen
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- Department of Light Source and Illuminating Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Adjunctive dental therapies in caries-active children: Shifting the cariogenic salivary microbiome from dysbiosis towards non-cariogenic health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 18. [PMID: 34485763 PMCID: PMC8415465 DOI: 10.1016/j.humic.2020.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The oral microbiome is a complex assembly of microbial species, whose constituents can tilt the balance towards progression of oral disease or sustained health. Recently we identified sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome contained within caries-active and caries-free children. In this study, we sought to ascertain if adjunctive dental therapies, including povidone iodine and chlorhexidine, were effective in shifting the cariogenic microbiome from dysbiosis to non-cariogenic health. Design: We recruited young children (ages 2–12 years) to enter five enrollment groups, with each group (N = 9–30 participants/group) receiving caries restorative and/or adjunctive therapies, either singularly or in combination (OHSU IRB #6535). Saliva specimens were collected pre- and post-treatment (4–8 weeks) of caries preventive measures, and oral microbiota were identified using next generation sequencing (HOMINGS, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA). Results: With the use of multi-dimensional scaling plots, support vector machine learning, odds ratio analysis, and other statistical methods, we have determined that treatment with povidone iodine can shift the composition of the salivary cariogenic microbiome to include higher proportions of aerobic microorganisms, such as Stentrophomonas maltophila, as well as non-cariogenic, anaerobic microorganisms including Poryphyromonas and Fusobacterium species. Conclusion: We have identified microorganisms that are associated with caries-active children and have determined that povidone iodine is an effective adjunctive therapy that has the potential to shift the composition of the cariogenic microbiome to one more closely aligned with non-cariogenic health.
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Ashfaq M, Talreja N, Chauhan D, Rodríguez CA, Mera AC, Mangalaraja RV. A novel bimetallic (Fe/Bi)-povidone-iodine micro-flowers composite for photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 219:112204. [PMID: 33957469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assisted Fe-BiOI based Fe/Bi-povidone‑iodine (Fe/Bi-P-I) micro-flowers based composite and its photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. The Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite material was synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. The prepared Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite materials were characterized using various characterization techniques and tested against photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye and antibacterial analysis. The PVP or povidone‑iodine provides more exposure of reactive sites and oxygen vacancies, which leads to a high separation rate of photoinduced charge carriers, and migration, thereby 100% of photodegradation efficiency at 1 mg/L initial concentration of RhB dye towards the synthesized P-Fe-BiOI based micro-flowers composite. Interestingly, Povidone-Iodine in Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite might be advantageous for antimicrobial activity against both gram-negative (E. coli), and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacterial strains. Therefore, the prepared Fe/Bi-P-I micro-flowers-based composite improved both photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants as well as high antimicrobial activity. The method of synthesizing the Bi/Fe-P-I micro flower composite in the present study is novel, facile, and economically viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ashfaq
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute for Science and Technology, IIMCT, University of La Serena, 1015 Juan Cisternas St., La Serena, Chile; Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070409, Chile; School of Life Science, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600048, India.
| | - Neetu Talreja
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute for Science and Technology, IIMCT, University of La Serena, 1015 Juan Cisternas St., La Serena, Chile; Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070409, Chile
| | - Divya Chauhan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - C A Rodríguez
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute for Science and Technology, IIMCT, University of La Serena, 1015 Juan Cisternas St., La Serena, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Adriana C Mera
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute for Science and Technology, IIMCT, University of La Serena, 1015 Juan Cisternas St., La Serena, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - R V Mangalaraja
- Advanced Ceramics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070409, Chile
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6
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Venkei A, Eördegh G, Turzó K, Urbán E, Ungvári K. A simplified in vitro model for investigation of the antimicrobial efficacy of various antiseptic agents to prevent peri-implantitis. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2020; 67:127-132. [PMID: 32160783 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The biofilm formation by oral bacteria on the implant surface is one of the most remarkable factors of peri-implant infections, which may eventually lead to bone resorption and loss of the dental implant. Therefore, the elimination of biofilm is an essential step for the successful therapy of implant-related infections. In this work we created a basic in vitro model to evaluate the antibacterial effect of three widely used antiseptics.Commercially pure (CP4) titanium sample discs with sand blasted, acid etched, and polished surface were used. The discs were incubated with mono-cultures of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus salivarius. The adhered bacterial biofilms were treated with different antiseptics: chlorhexidine-digluconate (CHX), povidone-iodine (PI), and chlorine dioxide (CD) for 5 min and the control discs with ultrapure water. The antibacterial effect of the antiseptics was tested by colorimetric assay.According to the results, the PI and the CD were statistically the most effective in the elimination of the two test bacteria on both titanium surfaces after 5 min treatment time. The CD showed significant effect only against S. salivarius.Based on our results we conclude that PI and CD may be promising antibacterial agents to disinfecting the peri-implant site in the dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Venkei
- 1Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Eördegh
- 2Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Turzó
- 3Dentistry Program, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7621, Dischka Gy. u. 5, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edit Urbán
- 1Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725, Semmelweis u. 6, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Ungvári
- 2Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, 6720, Tisza Lajos krt. 64, Szeged, Hungary
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7
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Cao X, Cai X, Chen R, Zhang H, Jiang T, Wang Y. A thermosensitive chitosan‐based hydrogel for sealing and lubricating purposes in dental implant system. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21:324-335. [PMID: 30821099 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xinjie Cai
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ruiying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Tao Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of StomatologyWuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
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8
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Johani K, Malone M, Jensen SO, Dickson HG, Gosbell IB, Hu H, Yang Q, Schultz G, Vickery K. Evaluation of short exposure times of antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms: from in vitro to in vivo. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:494-502. [PMID: 29165561 PMCID: PMC5890786 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Test the performance of topical antimicrobial wound solutions against microbial biofilms using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo model systems at clinically relevant exposure times. Methods Topical antimicrobial wound solutions were tested under three different conditions: (in vitro) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil, polyhexamethylene biguanide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine and hypochlorous acid were tested at short duration exposure times for 15 min against 3 day mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; (ex vivo) hypochlorous acid was tested in a porcine skin explant model with 12 cycles of 10 min exposure, over 24 h, against 3 day mature P. aeruginosa biofilms; and (in vivo) 4% w/v Melaleuca oil was applied for 15 min exposure, daily, for 7 days, in 10 patients with chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm. Results In vitro assessment demonstrated variable efficacy in reducing biofilms ranging from 0.5 log10 reductions to full eradication. Repeated instillation of hypochlorous acid in a porcine model achieved <1 log10 reduction (0.77 log10, P = 0.1). Application of 4% w/v Melaleuca oil in vivo resulted in no change to the total microbial load of diabetic foot ulcers complicated by biofilm (median log10 microbial load pre-treatment = 4.9 log10 versus 4.8 log10, P = 0.43). Conclusions Short durations of exposure to topical antimicrobial wound solutions commonly utilized by clinicians are ineffective against microbial biofilms, particularly when used in vivo. Wound solutions should not be used as a sole therapy and clinicians should consider multifaceted strategies that include sharp debridement as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johani
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Central Military Laboratories and Blood Bank, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Malone
- High Risk Foot Service, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia.,Liverpool Diabetes Collaborative Research Unit, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - S O Jensen
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - H G Dickson
- Ambulatory Care Department (PIXI), Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney LHD, Sydney, Australia
| | - I B Gosbell
- Medical Sciences Research Group, Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Antimicrobial Resistance and Mobile Elements Group, Ingham Institute of Applied Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney South West Pathology Service, New South Wales Health Pathology, Liverpool, Sydney, Australia
| | - H Hu
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G Schultz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Wound Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Vickery
- Surgical Infection Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Nanoparticles having amphiphilic silane containing Chlorin e6 with strong anti-biofilm activity against periodontitis-related pathogens. J Dent 2018; 81:70-84. [PMID: 30593855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop the multifunctional nanoparticles containing Chlorin e6 (Ce6), Coumarin 6 (C6) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs); and (2) investigate the inhibitory effects of the nanoparticles via antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against three species of periodontitis-related pathogens for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ce6 and C6 were co-loaded into the Fe3O4-silane core-shell structure to form multifunctional nanoparticles (denoted "Fe3O4-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs"). The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles were characterized. Biofilm properties of Streptococcus sanguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were tested. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and metabolic activity of biofilms were determined to evaluate the aPDT function mediated by the Fe3O4-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs. Fluorescence imaging and the targeted antibacterial effects were also investigated. RESULTS Fe3O4-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs showed superparamagnetic properties, chemical stability and water-solubility, with no cytotoxicity. Fe3O4 NPs did not compromise the emission peaks of C6 and Ce6. The Fe3O4-silane@Ce6/C6-mediated aPDT had much greater reduction in biofilms than the control groups (p < 0.05). Biofilm CFU was reduced by about 4-5 orders of magnitude via Fe3O4-silane@Ce6/C6-mediated aPDT. The co-loading of Ce6 and C6 enabled the real-time aPDT monitoring by ratio emissions with the same wavelength. Fe3O4 with magnetic field enabled the targeting of infection sites by killing bacteria via magnetic field. CONCLUSION The multifunctional nanoparticles exerted strong anti-biofilm activity against periodontitis-related pathogens, with excellent biocompatibility, real-time monitoring, and magnetically-targeting capacities. The multifunctional nanoparticles have great potential in antibacterial applications to inhibit the occurrence and progression of periodontitis.
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10
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Pawar V, Topkar H, Srivastava R. Chitosan nanoparticles and povidone iodine containing alginate gel for prevention and treatment of orthopedic implant associated infections. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1131-1141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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11
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Gupta AK, Carviel J, Shear NH. Antibiofilm Treatment for Onychomycosis and Chronic Fungal Infections. Skin Appendage Disord 2017; 4:136-140. [PMID: 30197888 DOI: 10.1159/000480023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a difficult-to-treat chronic fungal infection of the nail. The chronic nature of onychomycosis, with relevance to current treatment practices, could be attributed to host anergy, development of increased virulence in causal agents (multidrug resistance efflux pump), and biofilms. Biofilms must be disrupted prior to antifungal treatment suggesting the necessity of combination treatment. Once the biofilm has been disrupted, further techniques in addition to antifungal usage are suggested to ensure a positive prognosis including use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or low-frequency surface acoustic waves. Overall, with continued success in developing antibiofilm treatment for bacterial and yeast pathogens, therapy can be more quickly expanded to dermatophytes. With a rise in predisposing factors, it is important to preemptively address treatment for this disease with continued investigation into antibiofilm therapy including optimal treatment combinations and dosages targeted specifically at dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Neil H Shear
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Jia L, Qiu J, Du L, Li Z, Liu H, Ge S. TiO2 nanorod arrays as a photocatalytic coating enhanced antifungal and antibacterial efficiency of Ti substrates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:761-776. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the photocatalytic inactivation of fungi and bacteria mediated by TiO2 nanorod arrays (TNRs). Materials & methods: The features of TNRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurement. The antimicrobial efficiency was detected on biofilm and planktonic forms of Candida albicans, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by crystal violet and XTT (2,3-bis [2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide) assay, confocal laser scanning microscope and colony-forming assay. Fluorogenic quantitative assay was used to explore the underlying mechanism. Results & conclusion: TNRs were well aligned and vertically oriented on Ti with a diameter of about 100 μm, possessing a rougher surface and better hydrophilicity. Moreover, TNRs exhibited significantly higher antifungal and antibacterial efficiency compared with Ti under UV irradiation, laying the foundation for surface modification of implants with TNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Lingqian Du
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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13
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Wang L, Xie X, Weir MD, Fouad AF, Zhao L, Xu HHK. Effect of bioactive dental adhesive on periodontal and endodontic pathogens. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:168. [PMID: 27699574 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a new bioactive dental bonding agent with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate and dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate for tooth root caries restorations and endodontic applications, and (2) investigate biofilm inhibition by the bioactive bonding agent against eight species of periodontal and endodontic pathogens for the first time. Bonding agent was formulated with 5 % of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate. Nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate at 30 wt% was mixed into adhesive. Eight species of biofilms were grown on resins: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium. Colony-forming units, live/dead assay, biomass, metabolic activity and polysaccharide of biofilms were determined. The results showed that adding dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate into bonding agent did not decrease dentin bond strength (P > 0.1). Adding dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate reduced the colony-forming units of all eight species of biofilms by nearly three orders of magnitude. The killing efficacy of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate resin was: P. gingivalis > A. actinomycetemcomitans > P. intermedia > P. nigrescens > F. nucleatum > P. micra > E. faecalis > E. faecium. Dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate resin had much less biomass, metabolic activity and polysaccharide of biofilms than those without dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a novel dental adhesive was developed for root caries and endodontic applications, showing potent inhibition of biofilms of eight species of periodontal and endodontic pathogens, and reducing colony-forming units by three orders of magnitude. The bioactive adhesive is promising for tooth root restorations to provide subgingival margins with anti-periodontal pathogen capabilities, and for endodontic sealer applications to combat endodontic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, 21250, USA.
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A protein-repellent and antibacterial nanocomposite for Class-V restorations to inhibit periodontitis-related pathogens. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:702-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Wang L, Melo MAS, Weir MD, Xie X, Reynolds MA, Xu HHK. Novel bioactive nanocomposite for Class-V restorations to inhibit periodontitis-related pathogens. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e351-e361. [PMID: 27671471 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The occurrence of tooth root caries is increasing as the world population ages and tooth retention in seniors increases. Class V restorations with subgingival margins are difficult to clean and often lead to periodontitis. The objectives of this study were to develop a Class V composite containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and investigate mechanical properties and the inhibition of six species of periodontitis-related biofilms for the first time. METHODS Ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) and pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) were mixed at 1:1 mass ratio to form the resin matrix. DMAHDM, NACP, and glass particles were incorporated at 3%, 20% and 50% by mass, respectively. Six species were tested: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Enterococcus faecalis. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, biomass via crystal violet staining, and polysaccharide production by biofilms were determined on composites. RESULT Adding 3% DMAHDM to composite did not affect the flexure strength and elastic modulus (p>0.1). For all six species of periodontal pathogens, the DMAHDM composite had biofilm CFU nearly three orders of magnitude less than that without DMAHDM. The killing efficacy of DMAHDM composite against the six species was: E. faecalis<F. nucleatum<P. nigrescens=P. intermedia<A. actinomycetemcomitans<P. gingivalis. Biofilm biomass and polysaccharide were also greatly reduced via DMAHDM (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The novel nanocomposite containing DMAHDM and NACP showed strong inhibiting effect against all six species of periodontitis-related pathogens. This composite is promising for Class V restorations to restore root caries and combat periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- VIP Integrated Department, Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Michael D Weir
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xianju Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mark A Reynolds
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Hockin H K Xu
- Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA.
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Oda H, Nakagawa T, Maruyama K, Dono Y, Katsuragi H, Sato S. Effect of Brazilian green propolis on oral pathogens and human periodontal fibroblasts. J Oral Biosci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Decker EM, Bartha V, Kopunic A, von Ohle C. Antimicrobial efficiency of mouthrinses versus and in combination with different photodynamic therapies on periodontal pathogens in an experimental study. J Periodontal Res 2016; 52:162-175. [PMID: 27038101 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the therapy of destructive periodontal disease, chemical antimicrobial agents and increasingly photodynamic therapy (PDT) play an important adjunctive role to standard mechanical anti-infective treatment procedures. However, both antiseptic methods have their shortcomings in terms of eliminating periodontal pathogens. The aim of the study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of different antiseptic mouthrinses, of a conventional and a new, modified PDTplus as well as of the different antiseptic mouthrinses combined with either the conventional or the modified PDTplus against periopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six representative periodontitis-associated bacterial strains were grown for 24 h under anaerobic conditions. After mixing the individual cell pellets they were exposed to 10 different antiseptic mouthrinse formulations: chlorhexidine (0.2%, 0.06%, CHX); CHX + cetylpyridinium chloride (each 0.05%); sodium hypochlorite (0.05%); polyhexanide (0.04%, PHMB1; 0.1%, PHMB2); octenidine dihydrochloride (0.1%); fluoride (250 ppm); essential oils; povidone iodine (10%); and saline (0.9%, NaCl) as control. Furthermore, the bacteria were treated with conventional PDT based on light-emitting diodes and a new modified photodisinfection combining photosensitizer with hydrogen peroxide to PDTplus also based on light-emitting diodes. In addition to the single treatments, a combined application of antiseptic exposure followed by use of PDT or PDTplus was performed. The microbial viability was characterized by analyzing colony growth and fluorescence-based vitality proportions. RESULTS Nearly all mouthrinses caused a statistically significant growth inhibition. The most effective antiseptics, CHX (0.2%), CHX/cetylpyridinium chloride and octenidine dihydrochloride, inhibited bacterial growth completely. Conventional PDT resulted in moderate reduction of colony growth. The modified PDTplus achieved maximum antimicrobial effect. The combination of antiseptic exposure and PDT against periopathogens predominantly increased antibacterial efficacy compared to the single applications. The mouthrinse containing essential oil seemed to interfere with PDT. CONCLUSION A combination therapy of preceding chemotherapeutical exposure and subsequent photodisinfection may be a more effective and promising antibacterial treatment than single applications of the antiseptic methods. The modified PDTplus using oxygen-enriched toluidine showed a superior antibacterial effect on periodontal pathogens to conventional PDT and to the majority of the investigated mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-M Decker
- Department for Pediatric and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University of Tübingen, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Bartha
- Department for Pediatric and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University of Tübingen, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Kopunic
- Department for Pediatric and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University of Tübingen, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C von Ohle
- Department for Pediatric and Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University of Tübingen, Center of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tuebingen, Germany
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Reise M, Gottschaldt M, Matz C, Völpel A, Jandt KD, Schubert US, Sigusch BW. Antibacterial effect of silver (I) carbohydrate complexes on oral pathogenic key species in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:42. [PMID: 27009305 PMCID: PMC4806493 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was the aim of this study to evaluate the antibacterial impact of two silver(I) carbohydrate complexes with tripodal thioglycosides, namely tris[2-(β-D-thio-glucopyranosyl)ethyl]-amine-silver(I)-nitrate (3) and tris[2-(α-D-thio-manno-pyranosyl)ethyl]-amine-silver(I)-nitrate (4), on five oral pathogenic bacterial strains. Furthermore, cytocompatibility was tested using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined on five oral pathogenic bacterial strains by using the broth microdilution method: Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 10953), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 33384), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Enterococcus faecalis (DSMZ 20376). Furthermore, antimicrobial efficiency was tested using agar diffusion assays. To evaluate cytocompatibility, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to AgNO3 and complex 3 followed by a live/dead staining. Results MIC of the silver(I) complexes ranged between 0.625 and 5.0 mmol/L. The silver complexes 3 and 4 showed higher antibacterial efficiency against all tested species than AgNO3. Antibacterial efficiency of complexes 3 and 4 on F. nucleatum (≥18 mm) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (≥23 mm) was more pronounced than against P. gingivalis (≥15 mm). Complex 3 (20 mM) induced the largest inhibition zones (30 to 31 mm) on Gram-negative strains. For Gram-positive strains, the largest inhibition zones were achieved by complex 3 (20 mM/S. mutans: 28 mm, E. faecalis: 18 mm). Complex 3 had a lower cytotoxic impact on HGFs compared to AgNO3 by the power of ten. Conclusions The findings suggest that silver(I) carbohydrate complexes 3 and 4 might function as novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of periodontal, carious or endodontic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Carina Matz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Völpel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Fraunhoferstraße 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd W Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Tada A, Nakayama-Imaohji H, Yamasaki H, Hasibul K, Yoneda S, Uchida K, Nariya H, Suzuki M, Miyake M, Kuwahara T. Cleansing effect of acidic L-arginine on human oral biofilm. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:40. [PMID: 27001253 PMCID: PMC4802732 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental plaque formed on tooth surfaces is a complex ecosystem composed of diverse oral bacteria and salivary components. Accumulation of dental plaque is a risk factor for dental caries and periodontal diseases. L-arginine has been reported to decrease the risk for dental caries by elevating plaque pH through the activity of arginine deiminase in oral bacteria. Here we evaluated the potential of L-arginine to remove established oral biofilms. Methods Biofilms were formed using human saliva mixed with Brain Heart Infusion broth supplemented with 1 % sucrose in multi-well plates or on plastic discs. After washing the biofilms with saline, citrate (10 mM, pH3.5), or L-arginine (0.5 M, pH3.5), the retained biofilms were analyzed by crystal violet staining, scanning electron microscopy, and Illumina-based 16S rDNA sequencing. Results Washing with acidic L-arginine detached oral biofilms more efficiently than saline and significantly reduced biofilm mass retained in multi-well plates or on plastic discs. Illumina-based microbiota analysis showed that citrate (pH3.5) preferentially washed out Streptococcus from mature oral biofilm, whereas acidic L-arginine prepared with 10 mM citrate buffer (pH3.5) non-specifically removed microbial components of the oral biofilm. Conclusions Acidic L-arginine prepared with citrate buffer (pH3.5) effectively destabilized and removed mature oral biofilms. The acidic L-arginine solution described here could be used as an additive that enhances the efficacy of mouth rinses used in oral hygiene. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-016-0194-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Tada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.,Department of Dental Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Nakayama-Imaohji
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Khaleque Hasibul
- Department of Dental Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Saori Yoneda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nariya
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Motoo Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyake
- Department of Dental Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kuwahara
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Kanagalingam J, Feliciano R, Hah JH, Labib H, Le TA, Lin JC. Practical use of povidone-iodine antiseptic in the maintenance of oral health and in the prevention and treatment of common oropharyngeal infections. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:1247-56. [PMID: 26249761 PMCID: PMC6767541 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To better inform medical practitioners on the role of antiseptics in oropharyngeal health and disease, this article focuses on povidone-iodine (PVP-I), an established and widely-available antiseptic agent. METHODOLOGY Review of the anti-infective profile, efficacy and safety of PVP-I in managing common upper respiratory tract infections such as the common cold, influenza and tonsillo-pharyngitis, as well as oral complications resulting from cancer treatment (oral mucositis), and dental conditions (periodontitis, caries). RESULTS Antiseptics with broad-spectrum anti-infective activity and low resistance potential offer an attractive option in both infection control and prevention. While there is some evidence of benefit of antiseptics in a variety of clinical settings that include dental and oral hygiene, dermatology, oncology, and pulmonology, there appears to be discordance between the evidence-base and practice. This is especially apparent in the management and prevention of oropharyngeal infections, for which the use of antiseptics varies considerably between clinical practices, and is in marked contrast to their dermal application, where they are extensively used as both a prophylaxis and a treatment of skin and wound infections, thus minimising the use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION The link between oral and oropharyngeal health status and susceptibility to infection has long been recognised. The high rates of antibiotic misuse and subsequent development of bacterial resistance (e.g. increasing vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) in large parts of the world, especially across Asia Pacific, highlight the need for identifying alternative antimicrobials that would minimise the use of these medications. This, together with recent large-scale outbreaks of, for example, avian and swine influenza virus, further underline the importance of an increasing armamentarium for infection prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kanagalingam
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU-Imperial College, Singapore
| | - R Feliciano
- Department of Otolaryngology, St Luke's Medical Center, Global City, Philippines
| | - J H Hah
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Labib
- Dr. Hussein Labib Dental Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - T A Le
- Department of Oncology, Cho Ray hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - J-C Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sadekuzzaman M, Yang S, Mizan M, Ha S. Current and Recent Advanced Strategies for Combating Biofilms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sadekuzzaman
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea Dept. of Livestock Services, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - S. Yang
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - M.F.R. Mizan
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - S.D. Ha
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
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Krzyściak W, Jurczak A, Kościelniak D, Bystrowska B, Skalniak A. The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:499-515. [PMID: 24154653 PMCID: PMC3953549 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-013-1993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In some diseases, a very important role is played by the ability of bacteria to form multi-dimensional complex structure known as biofilm. The most common disease of the oral cavity, known as dental caries, is a top leader. Streptococcus mutans, one of the many etiological factors of dental caries, is a microorganism which is able to acquire new properties allowing for the expression of pathogenicity determinants determining its virulence in specific environmental conditions. Through the mechanism of adhesion to a solid surface, S. mutans is capable of colonizing the oral cavity and also of forming bacterial biofilm. Additional properties enabling S. mutans to colonize the oral cavity include the ability to survive in an acidic environment and specific interaction with other microorganisms colonizing this ecosystem. This review is an attempt to establish which characteristics associated with biofilm formation--virulence determinants of S. mutans--are responsible for the development of dental caries. In order to extend the knowledge of the nature of Streptococcus infections, an attempt to face the following problems will be made: Biofilm formation as a complex process of protein-bacterium interaction. To what extent do microorganisms of the cariogenic flora exemplified by S. mutans differ in virulence determinants "expression" from microorganisms of physiological flora? How does the environment of the oral cavity and its microorganisms affect the biofilm formation of dominant species? How do selected inhibitors affect the biofilm formation of cariogenic microorganisms?
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, UJCM 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland,
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Innovative strategies to overcome biofilm resistance. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:150653. [PMID: 23509680 PMCID: PMC3591221 DOI: 10.1155/2013/150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We review the recent literature concerning the efficiency of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation toward various microbial species in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The review is mainly focused on biofilm-growing microrganisms because this form of growth poses a threat to chronically infected or immunocompromised patients and is difficult to eradicate from medical devices. We discuss the biofilm formation process and mechanisms of its increased resistance to various antimicrobials. We present, based on data in the literature, strategies for overcoming the problem of biofilm resistance. Factors that have potential for use in increasing the efficiency of the killing of biofilm-forming bacteria include plant extracts, enzymes that disturb the biofilm structure, and other nonenzymatic molecules. We propose combining antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with various antimicrobial and antibiofilm approaches to obtain a synergistic effect to permit efficient microbial growth control at low photosensitizer doses.
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