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Agusmawanti P, Ratih DN, Purwanti N, Raharjo TJ. The Potential of QP3VH-Chitosan Peptide as Biomimetic Remineralization in Early Dental Caries Treatment: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759995 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of remineralization biomimetics using organic peptide molecules is expected to resemble the hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization process in tooth enamel. The development of an amelogenin derivative peptide combined with antimicrobial peptide was designed, resulting in QP3VH. This combination then was mixed with chitosan as a carrier. This study aimed to evaluate the biomimetic efficacy of QP3VH as a remineralizing agent combined with chitosan. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty deciduous mandibular incisor enamel samples were used in this study. The artificial enamel lesions were created on a buccal surface and were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 each according to the remineralizing agent used: QP3VH, NaF, QP3VH + NaF, QP3VH + CS (QP3VH + chitosan), and saline distilled water (SDW). Each group was performed pH cycling for seven days. Enamel surface morphology and evaluation of mineral content Ca/P (calcium and phosphate) using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The assessment was carried out, after demineralization, and after application with remineralization agents. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by least significance difference post-hoc test. The paired t-test was utilized to compare the demineralization and remineralization results. The significance level used was 95%. RESULTS The remineralized group exhibited a significant increase in calcium and phosphate content on the enamel surface (p <0.05), and QP3VH + CS produced the maximum Ca/P mass percent after remineralization. CONCLUSION Combining QP3VH with chitosan produces greatest remineralization than QP3VH, QP3VH + NaF, Naf, and SDW; therefore, QP3VH peptide has potential as a remineralizing agent, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prima Agusmawanti
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Departement of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung, Indonesia
| | - Diatri Nari Ratih
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nunuk Purwanti
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tri Joko Raharjo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Yaşar M, Bal C, Aksoy M, Güngörmüş M, Orhan K. In vitro caries-preventive effect of a mineralization-promoting peptide combined with fluoride gel on sound primary teeth. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024; 34:256-266. [PMID: 37837213 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mineralization-promoting peptide-3 (MPP3) is a new biomimetic remineralization agent. AIM To assess the remineralization efficiency of MPP3, either alone or in combination with fluoride gel. DESIGN The samples were divided into four groups: control, 1.23% fluoride gel, 10% MPP3 gel, and 1.23% fluoride gel + 10% MPP3. Following the application of remineralization agents (4 min), the samples remained in a pH-cycling model (37°C, 4 weeks). Microhardness, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis were conducted. RM-ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for statistical analysis, and a significance level of p < .05 was employed. RESULTS Mineralization-promoting peptide 3 and fluoride gel + MPP3 increased the microhardness of the enamel compared with initial values in each group (p < .05). Mineralization-promoting peptide 3 successfully maintained the mineral density of enamel, although the cariogenic pH-cycling and PLM results indicated that the lesion depth (μm) was significantly lower in the fluoride gel + MPP3 group (27.0336 ± 12.53650) than in the control group (37.3907 ± 12.76002, p < .05). CONCLUSION The combined use of MPP3 with fluoride gel enhanced the caries-protective and mineralization-promoting effects of fluoride. Mineralization-promoting peptide 3 may be a potential agent that can be employed to improve the physical properties of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yaşar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Gulhane Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenkhan Bal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Gulhane Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Aksoy
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Gulhane Dental Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güngörmüş
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- MERLAB Application and Research Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
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Gungor AS, Dalkılıç E, Alkan E, Yılmaz-Atalı P, Tağtekin D. Enamel Matrix Derivative, 58S5 Bioactive Glass, and Fluoride Varnish for Enamel Remineralization: A Multi-analysis Approach. Oper Dent 2024; 49:353-363. [PMID: 38807323 DOI: 10.2341/23-102-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the enamel remineralization efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), experimental bioactive glass (BAG), and fluoride varnish in vitro. METHODS AND MATERIALS Artificial initial caries lesions were developed on fifty human enamel specimens using demineralization solution (pH 4.5, 37°C, 96 hours). Specimens were randomly assigned to five groups (n=10): I-5% NaF varnish (Enamelast), II-experimental 58S5 BAG+37% phosphoric acid (PA), III-EMD (Emdogain) + Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA), IV-EMD+37% PA, V-Control (untreated). All remineralization agents were applied with pH cycling for seven days. The specimens were scanned by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) at baseline, at demineralization, and after pH cycling. Lesion depths were measured using image analysis software (ImageJ). Lesions were evaluated using surface microhardness (SMH) and two fluorescence methods (FluoreCam and DIAGNOdent Pen [DDPen]). The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal Wallis, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). RESULTS According to SD-OCT results, fluoride varnish was found to be the most effective agent in reducing lesion depth (p=0.005). All agents increased the SMH values after pH cycling. No significant difference was found among fluoride varnish, BAG, and EMD+PA groups. These SMH values were significantly higher than EMD+EDTA and control groups (p<0.001). All groups showed lower DDPen scores compared with the control group (p<0.001), however, no significant difference was found among the remineralization agents. In FluoreCam assessment, size and intensity values of all treated groups showed improvement. However, there was no significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of FluoreCam size measurements (p=0.186). CONCLUSION 58S5 BAG and EMD+PA have remineralization capacity as effective as fluoride varnish. EMD+PA showed better SMH and lesion intensity results than EMD+EDTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarialioglu Gungor
- *Ayca Sarialogu Gungor, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Galata University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Dalkılıç
- Evrim Dalkılıç, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Alkan
- Elif Alkan, DDS, MSc, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - P Yılmaz-Atalı
- P Yılmaz-Atalı, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Tağtekin
- Dilek Tağtekin, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Veiga N, Figueiredo R, Correia P, Lopes P, Couto P, Fernandes GVO. Methods of Primary Clinical Prevention of Dental Caries in the Adult Patient: An Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111635. [PMID: 37297776 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Preventive approaches to oral health diseases, mainly dental caries, require individual and collective policies. Thus, this review was conducted to identify the primary prevention methods of dental caries in adults to improve oral health at the clinical and community levels. METHODS This review followed the PICO strategy with the research question: "What are the methods of primary prevention of dental caries, in adults, for improving and maintaining oral health integrating clinical and community-based strategies?" Electronic screening was carried out by two independent reviewers in five databases (MedLine/PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and LILACS) to find relevant publications between 2015-2022. We applied eligibility criteria for selection of the articles. The following MeSH terms were used: "Primary Prevention"; "Adult"; "Oral Health"; "Dental Caries"; "Fluorides, Topical"; "Fluoride Varnishes"; "Pit and Fissure Sealants"; "Preventive Dentistry". Although the term "Prevention strategy" is not a MeSH descriptor, several correlated terms appeared and were used in the search engines: "Preventative Care", "Disease Prevention, Primary", and "Prevention, Primary". The tool provided by the JBI organization (Joanna Briggs Institute) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. RESULTS Nine studies were included. Overall, it was found that the main primary prevention methods applied in dentistry in adults are the application of pit and fissure sealants, topical application of fluoride performed in the dental clinic, use of fluoridated toothpaste, mouthwash with chlorhexidine at home, use of xylitol, the recommendation for regular appointments with the dentist, and the need to inform patients about the saliva buffer capacity and adoption of a non-cariogenic diet. For that purpose, preventive policies should be taken to prevent dental caries. These include three major challenges: providing the adult population with more knowledge regarding their oral health, empowering patients through adopting healthy lifestyles, and developing new preventive strategies and awareness campaigns aimed at the adult population to promote proper oral health habits. CONCLUSIONS A small number of studies were found whose participants were adult patients. There was some consistency regarding primary prevention methods in our studies. However, good quality randomized control studies are still required to define the best intervention strategies for adult caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Veiga
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Figueiredo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Correia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Pedro Lopes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Couto
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Liu Z, Lu J, Chen X, Xiu P, Zhang Y, Lv X, Jiang X, Wang K, Zhang L. A novel amelogenesis-inspired hydrogel composite for the remineralization of enamel non-cavitated lesions. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:10150-10161. [PMID: 36472307 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01711c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enamel non-cavitated lesions (NCLs) are subsurface enamel porosity from carious demineralization. The developed enamel cannot repair itself once NCLs occurs. The regeneration of mineral crystals in a biomimetic environment is an effective way to repair enamel subsurface defects. Previously, an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was proven to repair demineralized enamel. In this work, inspired by amelogenesis, a novel biomimetic hydrogel composite containing the QP5 peptide and bioactive glass (BG) was designed, in which QP5 could promote enamel remineralization by guiding the calcium and phosphorus ions provided by BG. Also, BG could adjust the mineralization micro-environment to alkalinity, simulating the pH regulation of ameloblasts during enamel maturity. The BQ hydrogel composite showed biosafety and possessed capacity for enamel binding, ion release and pH buffering. Enamel NCLs treated with the BQ hydrogel composite showed a higher reduction in lesion depth and mineral loss both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, compared to the hydrogels containing only BG or QP5, groups treated with the BQ hydrogel composite attained more surface microhardness recovery and color recovery, exhibiting resistance to erosion and abrasion of the remineralization layer. We envision that the BQ hydrogel composite can provide a biomimetic micro-environment to favor enamel remineralization, thus reducing the lesion depth and increasing the mineral content as a promising biomimetic material for enamel NCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Junzhuo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangshu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinmo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Section 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China
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Kilic M, Gurbuz T. Evaluation of the effects of different remineralisation agents on initial enamel lesions by scanning electron microscope and energy-distributed X-ray analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14299. [PMID: 33930242 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared the ability of four remineralization agents to restore demineralised enamel lesions in permanent human incisors. METHODS In total, 40 teeth were included in the study. Two samples were obtained from each tooth. The 80 samples were divided into 10 groups (n = 8 per group). The right halves of the teeth were controls solely subjected to demineralisation and stored in artificial saliva for the duration of the experiment. The left halves of the teeth were remineralised using a 5% NaF-containing fluoride varnish (GC MI varnish; GC Corp.), a toothpaste containing casein phosphopeptide and amorphous calcium (GC tooth mousse; GC Corp.), a water-soluble remineralisation paste containing fluoride, hydroxyapatite, xylitol (Remin Pro; Voco), and ROCS remineralising gel containing Ca, magnesium(Mg) and phosphate (P). After 21 days of remineralisation, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) assessments were performed, and the results were analysed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS EDX analysis showed that the ROCS medical remineralising gel had the lowest Ca/P ratio among the groups (P = .04). Compared with the control groups, the Remin Pro and ROCS medical remineralising gel treatments produced significantly higher Ca/P ratios (P = .014 and P = .025). These results were statistically significant, and P-value <.05 was accepted for statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS The group treated with a fluoride-free, xylitol-containing ROCS medical remineralising gel had the lowest Ca/P ratio. Compared with the control groups, Remin Pro and ROCS remineralising gel appeared effective for repairing initial enamel lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munevver Kilic
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Taskin Gurbuz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Saglik ve Teknolojileri University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Lena Sezici Y, Yetkiner E, Aykut Yetkiner A, Eden E, Attin R. Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:4. [PMID: 33491110 PMCID: PMC7829296 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-020-00345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods Artificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Fluorescence loss (ΔF), lesion area (area), and impact (ΔQ) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D BiluminatorTM (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials. Results ΔF value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period. Conclusions The fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enver Yetkiner
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Arzu Aykut Yetkiner
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ece Eden
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rengin Attin
- Clinic for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hu D, Gong J, He B, Chen Z, Li M. Surface properties and Streptococcus mutans - Streptococcus sanguinis adhesion of fluorotic enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104970. [PMID: 33202357 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface properties of moderately to severely fluorotic enamel and the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis to enamel, exploring the relationship between dental fluorosis and dental caries from a microbiology perspective. METHODS We examined the basic surface properties of moderately to severely fluorotic enamel by surface microhardness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy. Then S. mutans single-species biofilms and S. mutans - S. sanguinis dual-species biofilms were cultured on fluorotic enamel surface. The morphology of biofilms, the volume of bacteria and expolysaccharides (EPS) and the number of bacteria were respectively tested by SEM, confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony-forming units (CFU) counting. RESULTS Fluorotic enamel displayed lower average microhardness and greater surface roughness than sound enamel, and it also showed structure defects like pores or pits. The biofilm thickness, volume of bacteria and EPS, and CFU counts of bacteria in both single-species and dual-species biofilms on fluorotic enamel were all significantly higher than those on sound enamel. The volume of bacteria and EPS in dual-species biofilms are both less than those of single-species biofilms. CONCLUSIONS The higher surface roughness and the structure defects of teeth with moderate to severe dental fluorosis contributed to the adhesion of S. mutans and S. sanguinis, and the increased adhesion of S. mutans may increase the susceptibility of dental caries. However, S. sanguinis would play a role as a "designer bacteria" which reduce the cariogenicity of the biofilms on fluorotic enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinglei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Wang Y, Hu D, Cui J, Zeng Y, Gan X, Chen Z, Ren Q, Zhang L. Unraveling the mechanism for an amelogenin-derived peptide regulated hydroxyapatite mineralization via specific functional domain identification. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10373-10383. [PMID: 33112349 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00949k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin and its various derived peptides play important roles in promoting biomimetic mineralization of enamel. Previously, an amelogenin-derived peptide named QP5 was proved to be able to repair demineralized enamel. The objective here was to interpret the mechanism of QP5 by elucidating the specific function of each domain for further sequence and efficacy improvement. Peptide QP5 was separated into domains (QPX)5 and C-tail. (QPX)3 was also synthesized to investigate how QPX repeats affect the mineralization process. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that two (QPX) repeats adopted a β-sheet structure, while C-tail exhibited a disordered structure. (QPX)5 showed more absorption in confocal laser scanning microscopy observation and a higher K value in Langmuir adsorption isotherms compared to C-tail, while (QPX)3 with better hydropathy had greater adsorption capability than (QPX)5. Meanwhile, calcium consumption kinetics, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicated that (QPX)5, C-tail and (QPX)3 had similar inhibitory effects on the spontaneous calcium consumption and the morphology of their nucleation products were alike, while QP5 had a greater inhibitory effect than them and induced elongated plate-like crystals. X-Ray diffraction further showed that both C-tail and (QPX)3 had greater potential in improving the apatite crystal orientation degree. In conclusion, (QPX)5 was the major adsorption region, both (QPX)5 and C-tail inhibited the nucleation, and C-tail contributed more to improve the HAP orientation degree, so QP5 could exert a significant remineralization effect. By reducing two repeats, (QPX)3 showed higher hydropathicity than (QPX)5 and achieved higher binding affinity, and it was more potential in improving the HAP orientation degree with lower economic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuhao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin Road South, Chengdu, China. and Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: Inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100:42-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ren Q, Li Z, Ding L, Wang X, Niu Y, Qin X, Zhou X, Zhang L. Anti-biofilm and remineralization effects of chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide on initial caries lesions. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:69-76. [PMID: 29644088 PMCID: PMC5887459 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have designed a more clinically powerful anti-caries treatment by applying the amelogenin-derived peptide QP5 to the antibacterial carrier material chitosan in a hydrogel (CS-QP5 hydrogel), and characterized its effects on the inhibition of a cariogenic biofilm and the promotion of the remineralization of the initial caries lesions. The results indicated that the CS-QP5 hydrogel sustainably inhibited the growth of the Streptococcus mutans biofilm, lactic acid production and the metabolic activity over a prolonged period of time. Moreover, the CS-QP5 hydrogel promoted the remineralization of early enamel lesions, which were indicated by surface micro-hardness (, polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography. In conclusion, the CS-QP5 hydrogel shows good potential for caries control in the clinic because of its antibacterial effects as well as the remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions even in a biofilm model over a prolonged period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; and Department of Cariology and Endodonics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, 3rd Section, Renmin Nan Lu, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Han S, Fan Y, Zhou Z, Tu H, Li D, Lv X, Ding L, Zhang L. Promotion of enamel caries remineralization by an amelogenin-derived peptide in a rat model. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 73:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yang Y, Lv XP, Shi W, Li JY, Li DX, Zhou XD, Zhang LL. 8DSS-promoted remineralization of initial enamel caries in vitro. J Dent Res 2014; 93:520-4. [PMID: 24496294 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514522815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides containing 8 repeats of aspartate-serine-serine (8DSS) have been shown to promote the nucleation of calcium phosphate from solution into human enamel. Here we tested the ability of 8DSS to promote the remineralization of demineralized enamel in an in vitro model of artificial early enamel caries. Initial caries lesions were created in bovine enamel blocks, which were then subjected to 12 d of pH cycling in the presence of 25 µM 8DSS, 1 g/L NaF (positive control) or buffer alone (negative control). Absorption of 8DSS was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Mineral loss, lesion depth, and mineral content at the surface layer and at different depths of the lesion body were analyzed before and after pH cycling by polarized light microscopy and transverse microradiography. Mineral loss after pH cycling was significantly lower in the 8DSS samples than in the buffer-only samples, and lesions in the 8DSS samples were significantly less deep. Samples treated with 8DSS showed significantly higher mineral content than buffer-only samples in the region extending from the surface layer (30 µm) to the average lesion depth (110 µm). No significant differences were found between the samples treated with 8DSS and those treated with NaF. These findings suggest that 8DSS has the potential to promote remineralization of demineralized enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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