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Nilsen BW, Simon‐Santamaria J, Örtengren U, Jensen E, Bruun J, Michelsen VB, Sørensen KK. Dose- and time-dependent effects of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate on the proteome of human THP-1 monocytes. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:345-358. [PMID: 30051916 PMCID: PMC6585793 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is commonly used in polymer resin-based dental materials. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of TEGDMA toxicity by identifying its time- and dose-dependent effects on the proteome of human THP-1 monocytes. The effects of different concentrations (0.07-5 mM) and exposure times (0-72 h) of TEGDMA on cell viability, proliferation, and morphology were determined using a real-time viability assay, automated cell counting, and electron microscopy, and laid the fundament for choice of exposure scenarios in the proteomic experiments. Solvents were not used, as TEGDMA is soluble in cell culture medium (determined by photon correlation spectroscopy). Cells were metabolically labeled [using the stable isotope labeled amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) strategy], and exposed to 0, 0.3 or 2.5 mM TEGDMA for 6 or 16 h before liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Regulated proteins were analyzed in the STRING database. Cells exposed to 0.3 mM TEGDMA showed increased viability and time-dependent upregulation of proteins associated with stress/oxidative stress, autophagy, and cytoprotective functions. Cells exposed to 2.5 mM TEGDMA showed diminished viability and a protein expression profile associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle inhibition. Altered expression of immune genes was observed in both groups. The study provides novel knowledge about TEGDMA toxicity at the proteomic level. Of note, even low doses of TEGDMA induced a substantial cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W. Nilsen
- Department of Clinical DentistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Ulf Örtengren
- Department of Clinical DentistryUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Department of CariologyInstitute of Odontology/Sahlgrenska AcademyGöteborgSweden
| | - Einar Jensen
- Department of PharmacyUiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Jack‐Ansgar Bruun
- Department of Medical BiologyUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | | | - Karen K. Sørensen
- Department of Medical BiologyUiT – The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
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Janjić K, Cvikl B, Kurzmann C, Moritz A, Agis H. Do hypoxia and L-mimosine modulate sclerostin and dickkopf-1 production in human dental pulp-derived cells? Insights from monolayer, spheroid and tooth slice cultures. BMC Oral Health 2018. [PMID: 29523112 PMCID: PMC5845180 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To understand the responses of the dental pulp to hypoxia is of high relevance for regenerative endodontics and dental traumatology. Here, we aimed to reveal the effects of hypoxia and the hypoxia mimetic agent L-mimosine (L-MIM) on the production of sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) in human dental pulp-derived cells (DPC). Methods DPC in monolayer, spheroid and tooth slice cultures were treated with L-MIM or hypoxia. Resazurin-based toxicity and MTT assays were performed to determine cell viability. mRNA and protein levels of SOST and DKK-1 were measured with quantitative reverse transcription PCR and ELISA, respectively. To validate the hypoxia-like response, SDF-1, VEGF and IL-8 were assessed. In addition Western blots for HIF-1α, HIF-2α and HIF-3α were done. Results Cells were vital upon treatment procedures and showed increased levels of HIF-1α, and HIF-2α. In monolayer cultures, mRNA levels of SOST and DKK-1 were downregulated by L-MIM and hypoxia, respectively. A significant downregulation of SOST by hypoxia was found at the protein level compared to untreated cells while the effect on DKK-1 and the impact of L-MIM on SOST and DKK-1 did not reach the level of significance at the protein level. In spheroid cultures, mRNA levels of SOST and DKK-1 were downregulated by L-MIM. A significant downregulation of DKK-1 upon hypoxia treatment was found at the protein level while the impact of hypoxia on SOST and the effect of L-MIM on SOST and DKK-1 did not reach the level of significance. SOST and DKK-1 were also produced in tooth slices, but no pronounced modulation by L-MIM or hypoxia was found. Evaluation of SDF-1, VEGF and IL-8 showed a hypoxia-like response in the culture models. Conclusions There is no pronounced influence of hypoxia and L-MIM on DPC viability, SOST and DKK-1 protein production. However, the specific response depends on the culture model and the level of evaluation (mRNA or protein). These results deepen our understanding about the role of hypoxia and the potential impacts of hypoxia-based strategies on dental pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria.,Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Kurzmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstr. 13, Vienna, 1200, Austria.
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