1
|
Sepulveda Inostroza EA, Bressane A, Schwarzmeier LÂT, Lacerda EB, Anjos KRD, Santos TSPD, Cavalcanti DR, Nascimento FD, Almeida JD, Oliveira Alves MG. Evaluation of micronuclei, cytomorphometric and cytologic changes of the oral mucosa in hookah and cigarette smokers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2024; 137:640-650. [PMID: 38692958 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of hookah and cigarettes on the oral mucosa of smokers through the use of exfoliative cytology. STUDY DESIGN Smear samples were collected by exfoliative cytology from the tongue of 33 hookah smokers, 22 cigarette smokers, and 30 non-smokers. The selected analyses include micronuclei (MN), metanuclear anomalies, epithelial maturation, and cytomorphology (nuclear area [NA], cytoplasmic area [CA], and NA/CA ratio). RESULTS The largest differences observed for MN and metanuclear anomalies were between cigarette smokers and the control group (notably 1 MN P = .04; total cells with MN P = .039; total MN P = .042; karyorrhexis and binucleation, P = .0001). The hookah group, compared with the control group, showed the greatest differences for karyolysis (P = .0023), binucleation (P = .0003), and broken egg (P = .008). Significant differences were found between the smokers and the control groups regarding changes in the superficial cell without nucleus, perinuclear halo, vacuolization, color change, mucus, and keratohyalin granules. There was a significant increase in the NA and NA/CA ratio in the smoker groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that a combined analysis of exfoliative cytology associated with other diagnostic methods is a useful tool for studying oral carcinogenesis. Hookah and cigarettes showed similar effects in terms of displaying substantial cytogenetic and cytotoxic damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Antonieta Sepulveda Inostroza
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Adriano Bressane
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karine Rodrigues Dos Anjos
- Research Center for Lasers and Applications - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN)/University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Dupart Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira Alves
- Technology Research Center (NPT), Universidade Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil; Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Screening for Biomarkers for Progression from Oral Leukoplakia to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Evaluation of Diagnostic Efficacy by Multiple Machine Learning Algorithms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235808. [PMID: 36497288 PMCID: PMC9738227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify key genes during the progression from oral leukoplakia (OL) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and predict effective diagnoses. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis were performed to identify seven genes associated with the progression from OL to OSCC. Twelve machine learning algorithms including k-nearest neighbor (KNN), neural network (NNet), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) were used to construct multi-gene models, which revealed that each model had good diagnostic efficacy. The functional mechanism or the pathways associated with these genes were evaluated using enrichment analysis, subtype clustering, and immune infiltration analysis. The enrichment analysis revealed that the genes enriched were associated with the cell cycle, cell division, and intracellular energy metabolism. The immunoassay results revealed that the genes primarily affected the infiltration of proliferating T cells and macrophage polarization. Finally, a nomogram and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to predict the prognostic efficacy of key genes in OSCC patients. The results showed that genes could predict the prognosis of the patients, and patients in the high-risk group had a poor prognosis. Our study identified that the seven key genes, including DHX9, BCL2L12, RAD51, MELK, CDC6, ANLN, and KIF4A, were associated with the progression from OL to OSCC. These genes had good diagnostic efficacy and could be used as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of OSCC patients.
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Mouelhy ATM, Nasry SA, Abou El-Dahab O, Sabry D, Fawzy El-Sayed K. In vitro evaluation of the effect of the electronic cigarette aerosol, Cannabis smoke, and conventional cigarette smoke on the properties of gingival fibroblasts/gingival mesenchymal stem cells. J Periodontal Res 2021; 57:104-114. [PMID: 34748642 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of electronic cigarette (EC) aerosol, Cannabis, and conventional cigarettes smoke on gingival fibroblast/gingival mesenchymal stem cells' (GF/G-MSCs) of never smokers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human GF/G-MSCs (n = 32) were isolated and characterized using light microscopy, flow cytometry, and multilineage differentiation ability. Following the application of aerosol/smoke extracts, GF/G-MSCs were evaluated for cellular proliferation; colony-forming units (CFU-F) ability; cellular viability (using the MTT assay); mitochondrial depolarization using JC-1 dye; and genes' expression of ATM, p21, Oct4, and Nanog. RESULTS Colony-forming units and viability (OD 450 nm) were significantly reduced upon exposure to Cannabis (mean ± SD; 5.5 ± 1.5; p < .00001, 0.47 ± 0.21; p < .05) and cigarettes smoke (2.3 ± 1.2 p < .00001, 0.59 ± 0.13, p < .05), while EC aerosol showed no significant reduction (10.8 ± 2.5; p = .05, 1.27 ± 0.47; p > .05) compared to the control group (14.3 ± 3, 1.33 ± 0.12). Significantly upregulated expression of ATM, Oct4, and Nanog (gene copies/GADPH) was noticed with Cannabis (1.5 ± 0.42, 0.82 ± 0.44, and 1.54 ± 0.52, respectively) and cigarettes smoke (1.52 ± 0.75, 0.7 ± 0.14, and 1.48 ± 0.79, respectively; p < .05), whereas EC aerosol caused no statistically significant upregulation of these genes compared to the control group (0.63 ± 0.1, 0.31 ± 0.12, and 0.64 ± 0.46, respectively; p > .05). The p21 gene was not significantly downregulated in EC aerosol (1.22 ± 0.46), Cannabis (0.71 ± 0.24), and cigarettes smokes (0.83 ± 0.54) compared to the control group (p = .053, analysis of variance). CONCLUSION Cannabis and cigarettes smoke induce DNA damage and cellular dedifferentiation and negatively affect the cellular proliferation and viability of GF/G-MSCs of never smokers, whereas EC aerosol showed a significantly lower impact on these properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Tarek Mansour El-Mouelhy
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Surgery and Oral Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherine Adel Nasry
- Department of Surgery and Oral Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Abou El-Dahab
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Tissue Engineering Unit, Cairo University School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.,Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Karim Fawzy El-Sayed
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Donís SP, González AP, Alves MGO, do Carmo Carvalho BF, Ferreira CCP, Almeida JD, Iruegas EP, Petronacci CMC, Peñaranda JMS, Sayáns MP. MLH1, MSH2, MRE11, and XRCC1 in Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 29:613-618. [PMID: 33734109 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage is accumulated in the cells over time as the result of both exogenous and endogenous factors. The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of the repair proteins in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin blocks were selected from the archives of the Laboratory of Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. The sample was composed of 16 cases of OL without dysplasia, 14 cases of OL with dysplasia, and 15 cases of OSCC. The patients' clinical data were collected and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for MLH1, MSH2, MRE11, and XRCC1. The data were submitted to the χ2 and the Kruskal-Wallis (P≤0.05) tests. RESULTS MSH2 was overexpressed in OSCC (P=0.020) and was positive in 100% of patients with OL with dysplasia or OSCC (P=0.019). Positivity for MLH1 was significantly associated with comorbidity (P=0.040), especially in patients who presented with 2 or more pathologies (P=0.028). XRCC1 positivity was also associated with comorbidity (P=0.039). No significant associations were found for the MRE11A expression. Although the simultaneous positivity for the 4 markers was observed in presence of comorbidities (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the effect of the overexpression of MSH2 protein in samples of OL with dysplasia and OSCC, most notably in patients who present with comorbidities and negativity for OL without dysplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna F do Carmo Carvalho
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila C P Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elena Padín Iruegas
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Idichus Foundation, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - José M Suárez Peñaranda
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Pathology, University of Santiago de Compostela
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Expression of DNA repair genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:298-305. [PMID: 32682592 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of DNA repair genes in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). STUDY DESIGN Expression of the MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 genes was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the OSCC group (32 patients) and the control group (15 patients). The groups were compared by using the Mann-Whitney test, with Bonferroni correction. Associations between gene expression levels and clinical data were explored by using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients, with P value less than .05 indicating a significant difference. RESULTS The MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 genes were downregulated in the OSCC group compared with the control group, with significant values for MLH1 (P < .0001); MSH2 (P = .038); MLH3 (P < .0001); ATM (P < .0001); MRE11A (P < .0001); XRCC1 (P = .0004); and PMS2 (P = .008). Analysis of the correlation between gene expression and clinical data only revealed a significant negative correlation between age and expression of the PMS2 gene. CONCLUSIONS Expression of the DNA repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MLH3, ATM, MRE11 AMRE11A, XRCC1, and PMS2 was reduced in OSCC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Carta CFL, Oliveira Alves MG, de Barros PP, Campos MS, Scholz J, Jorge AOC, Nunes FD, Almeida JD. Screening methylation of DNA repair genes in the oral mucosa of chronic smokers. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 92:83-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|