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Vargas-Alarcón G, Pérez-Méndez Ó, Martínez-Ríos MA, Díaz-Santillán I, Morales-Villamil LÁ, Delgadillo-Rodríguez H, Posadas-Sánchez R, Ramírez-Bello J, Fragoso JM. The DEFB1 gene rs11362 A/G genetic variant is associated with risk of developing CAD: a case-control study. Acta Cardiol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38973431 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2024.2375487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we evaluated whether DEFB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Two rs11362 A/G, and rs1800972 C/G gene polymorphisms of DEFB1 gene were genotyped by 5'exonuclease TaqMan assays in 219 patients with CAD and 522 control individuals. RESULTS The distribution of rs1800972 C/G polymorphisms was similar in patients with CAD and healthy controls. Nonetheless, under the co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and additive models, the AA genotype of the rs11362 A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.89 pCCo-Dom = 0.041, OR = 1.46, pCDom = 0.034, OR = 1.69, pCRes = 0.039, and OR = 1.37, pCAdd = 0.012, respectively). In addition, the linkage disequilibrium showed that the 'AG' haplotype was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.23, p = 0.042). According, with the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium data, the rs11362 AA genotype is associated with a low mRNA expression of the β-defensin-1 in tissues, such as artery aorta, artery coronary, heart left ventricle, and heart atrial appendage (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that rs11362 A/G polymorphism of the DEFB1 gene is involved in the risk of developing CAD, and with a low RNA expression of the β-defensin-1 in heart tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Óscar Pérez-Méndez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Irán Díaz-Santillán
- Department of Hemodynamics, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Julián Ramírez-Bello
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
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Uemura I, Takahashi-Suzuki N, Sano A, Yamada S, Nakata A, Satoh T. Curcumin effects on age-related changes in oral immunity: an in vivo study. Br J Nutr 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38634264 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of ageing on oral immunity using β-defensin (DEFB) 1/2 as a marker and evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on these processes. The study sample included thirty male C57BL/6J mice divided into three groups based on the treatment method used. The young control (YC) and old control (OC) groups received 0·5 % methylcellulose-400 (CUR vehicle) orally for 5 days, whereas the CUR group of older mice received a CUR solution suspended in 0·5 % methylcellulose-400 (dose: 3·0 mg/kg body). DEFB1/2 and immune indicator levels were measured in the saliva and salivary glands post-treatment. The saliva volume and protein content were significantly reduced in the OC group compared with the YC group. CUR administration restored these parameters, decreased DEFB1 expression in the salivary gland and increased DEFB1/2 secretion and DEFB2 expression. These findings were supported by epigenetic gene regulation and partial cytokine activation from changes in WD40 repeat protein 5, TNF alpha and IL-1beta. CUR can partially restore age-related changes in oral immune responses and promote oral health, thereby preventing frailty in the older population through a nutritional therapeutic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Uemura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
| | - Natsuko Takahashi-Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
| | - Akari Sano
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamada
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, 7-Jo 15-4-1 Maeda, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido006-8585, Japan
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Farag AGA, Shoeib MAA, labeeb AZ, Sleem AS, Khallaf HMA, Khalifa AS, Elshaib ME, Elnaidany NF, Hanout HMA. Human beta-defensin 1 circulating level and gene polymorphism in non-segmental vitiligo Egyptian patients. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:181-188. [PMID: 36535830 PMCID: PMC9984704 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired depigmented skin disorder. It has a genetic and autoimmune background. Human beta defensin-1(HBD-1) plus its gene polymorphism were linked to some autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the possible role of HBD-1 in the pathogenesis of non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) through evaluation of HBD-1 serum levels and its single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in patients having NSV, in addition, to correlating the results with the extent of vitiligo in those patients. METHODS A current case-control study included 50 patients having NSV and 50 controls. The authors used Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) score to assess vitiligo severity and laboratory investigations to assess serum HBD-1 level using ELISA and defensin-beta1 (DEFB1) SNP using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS There were significantly lower HBD-1 serum levels in NSV cases than in controls (p < 0.001). There was a significant predominance of GG DEFB1 genotype and G allele in NSV patients in comparison to controls (p < 0.001). The levels of serum HBD-1 and DEFB1 genotypes were not associated or correlated significantly with any of the personal and clinical parameters of vitiligo patients. STUDY LIMITATION The small sample size. CONCLUSIONS DEFB1 gene polymorphism (GG genotype and G allele) may modulate vitiligo risk and contribute to vitiligo development in Egyptian populations. Decreased circulating HBD-1 levels might have an active role in vitiligo etiopathogenesis that could be mediated through its possible anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt.
| | | | - Azza Zagloul labeeb
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shaaban Sleem
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt
| | | | - Amany Salah Khalifa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University, Shebin EL-koum, Egypt
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Sood A, Cherian LM, Heera R, Sathyan S, Banerjee M. Association between matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 gene polymorphism with basement membrane disruption in oral lichen planus: A case-control pilot study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2022; 12:258-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Immunomodulatory and Allergenic Properties of Antimicrobial Peptides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052499. [PMID: 35269641 PMCID: PMC8910669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the growing problem of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the search for alternative ways to combat bacterial infections is extremely urgent. While analyzing the effect of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on immunocompetent cells, their effect on all parts of the immune system, and on humoral and cellular immunity, is revealed. AMPs have direct effects on neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, T-lymphocytes, and mast cells, participating in innate immunity. They act on B-lymphocytes indirectly, enhancing the induction of antigen-specific immunity, which ultimately leads to the activation of adaptive immunity. The adjuvant activity of AMPs in relation to bacterial and viral antigens was the reason for their inclusion in vaccines and made it possible to formulate the concept of a “defensin vaccine” as an innovative basis for constructing vaccines. The immunomodulatory function of AMPs involves their influence on cells in the nearest microenvironment, recruitment and activation of other cells, supporting the response to pathogenic microorganisms and completing the inflammatory process, thus exhibiting a systemic effect. For the successful use of AMPs in medical practice, it is necessary to study their immunomodulatory activity in detail, taking into account their pleiotropy. The degree of maturity of the immune system and microenvironment can contribute to the prevention of complications and increase the effectiveness of therapy, since AMPs can suppress inflammation in some circumstances, but aggravate the response and damage of organism in others. It should also be taken into account that the real functions of one or another AMP depend on the types of total regulatory effects on the target cell, and not only on properties of an individual peptide. A wide spectrum of biological activity, including direct effects on pathogens, inactivation of bacterial toxins and influence on immunocompetent cells, has attracted the attention of researchers, however, the cytostatic activity of AMPs against normal cells, as well as their allergenic properties and low stability to host proteases, are serious limitations for the medical use of AMPs. In this connection, the tasks of searching for compounds that selectively affect the target and development of an appropriate method of application become critically important. The scope of this review is to summarize the current concepts and newest advances in research of the immunomodulatory activity of natural and synthetic AMPs, and to examine the prospects and limitations of their medical use.
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Wu L, Li Z, Zhou J, Ma B, Yu F, Zheng X, Hu X, Ma Z, Su X. An association analysis for genetic factors for dental caries susceptibility in a cohort of Chinese children. Oral Dis 2020; 28:480-494. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Wu
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Jianye Zhou
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Bin Ma
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Dentistry Lanzhou University Lanzhou, Gansu Province China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaopan Hu
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Zhongming Ma
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
| | - Xuelian Su
- Department of Dentistry Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases of Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Northwest Minzu University Lanzhou China
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Ślebioda Z, Woźniak T, Dorocka-Bobkowska B, Woźniewicz M, Kowalska A. Beta-defensin 1 gene polymorphisms in the pathologies of the oral cavity-Data from meta-analysis: Association only with rs1047031 not with rs1800972, rs1799946, and rs11362. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:22-31. [PMID: 33231892 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this meta-analysis was to reveal a potential association of the four functional polymorphisms in human Beta-defensin 1 (DEFB1) gene: rs1047031(c*5G > A) at 3'UTR and rs11362 (-20 G > A), rs1800972(-44 C > G), and rs1799946 (-52 G > A) at 5'UTR with the risk of common oral cavity pathologies that included periodontitis, caries, lichen planus, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS The relevant studies were obtained by the two researchers from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to April 29, 2020. The manual search of the reference lists was also performed. Studies on DEFB1 gene polymorphisms and oral cavity disorders, using the case-control genetic association analysis approach, and published as full texts in English were included. To assess the association strength, odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. RESULTS Thirteen publications met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in this meta-analysis. Statistically significant values of the association tests were found only for the rs1047031 polymorphism. Allele distribution in the rs1047031 polymorphism was significantly associated with susceptibility to oral cavity pathologies (adjusted P value = 0.003). The rare variant allele carriers had a significantly higher risk for oral disasters under recessive (CC vs CT + TT), and CC vs CT models. No significant correlations between rs11362, rs1800972, and rs1799946 and the risk of oral pathologies were revealed. CONCLUSIONS Significant association between rs1047031 polymorphism and risk of oral pathologies has been found, and therefore, we suggest to include this polymorphism in future research concerning the genetic background of the oral cavity diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Ślebioda
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Małgorzata Woźniewicz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kowalska A, Ślebioda Z, Woźniak T, Zasadziński R, Daszkowska M, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Beta-defensin 1 gene polymorphisms at 5’ untranslated region are not associated with a susceptibility to recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:130-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ochoa-Ramírez LA, Becerra-Loaiza DS, Díaz-Camacho SP, Muñoz-Estrada VF, Ríos-Burgueño ER, Prado-Montes de Oca E, Rangel-Villalobos H, Velarde-Félix JS. Association of human beta-defensin 1 gene polymorphisms with nonsegmental vitiligo. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:277-282. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Ochoa-Ramírez
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - D. S. Becerra-Loaiza
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - S. P. Díaz-Camacho
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - V. F. Muñoz-Estrada
- Center of Research and Teaching in Health Sciences (CIDOCS); Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - E. R. Ríos-Burgueño
- Center of Research and Teaching in Health Sciences (CIDOCS); Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
| | - E. Prado-Montes de Oca
- Personalized Medicine National Laboratory (LAMPER); Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Research Center in Technology and Design Assistance of Jalisco State (CIATEJ); National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT); Jalisco Mexico
| | - H. Rangel-Villalobos
- Molecular Genetics Research Institute; University of Guadalajara (CUCI-UdeG); Ocotlan Jalisco Mexico
| | - J. S. Velarde-Félix
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
- Faculty of Biology; Autonomous University of Sinaloa; Culiacan Sinaloa Mexico
- General Hospital of Culiacan; Servicios de Salud Sinaloa; Culiacan Mexico
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Soraia Aguiar de Melo Dias R, Carlos Mourão Pinho R, Almeida FRD, Alfredo Farias Bandeira F, Celerino da Silva R, Crovella S, de Carvalho Farias Vajgel B, Cimões R. Evaluation ofDEFB1polymorphisms in individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 in a population of northeastern Brazil. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2018; 38:227-233. [DOI: 10.1111/scd.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco Alfredo Farias Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology; Agamenon Magalhães Hospital; Recife, PE Brazil
- Medical Sciences Faculty; University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | | | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Genetics; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Bruna de Carvalho Farias Vajgel
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Prosthesis and Buco-facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
| | - Renata Cimões
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
- Department of Prosthesis and Buco-facial Surgery; Federal University of Pernambuco; Recife, PE Brazil
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Makeudom A, Supanchart C, Montreekachon P, Khongkhunthian S, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit J, Krisanaprakornkit S. The antimicrobial peptide, human β-defensin-1, potentiates in vitro osteoclastogenesis via activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Peptides 2017; 95:33-39. [PMID: 28709835 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated increased expression and raised levels of human β-defensin (hBD)-1 in gingival tissue and crevicular fluid of patients with chronic periodontitis and peri-implantitis, oral bone-resorbing diseases caused by enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of hBD-1 on osteoclast formation and function and to elucidate the involved signaling pathway in vitro. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were first incubated with various doses of hBD-1 and cell viability was assayed by MTT. PBMCs were treated with macrophage-colony stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of non-toxic doses of hBD-1. In vitro osteoclastogenesis was analyzed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, osteoclast-specific gene expression, and a resorption pit assay. Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was studied by immunoblotting and specific MAPK inhibitors. HBD-1 potentiated induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL, as shown by significantly increased number of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells and resorption areas on the dentin slices, and further up-regulated expressions of osteoclast-specific genes compared to those by RANKL treatment (p <0.05). However, hBD-1 treatment without RANKL failed to induce formation of osteoclast-like cells. A significant and further increase in transient phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs was demonstrated by hBD-1 co-treatment (p<0.05), consistent with the inhibitory effect by pretreatment with U0126 or PD98059 on hBD-1-enhanced osteoclastogenesis. Collectively, hBD-1 potentiates the induction of in vitro osteoclastogenesis by RANKL via enhanced phosphorylation of the p44/42 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupong Makeudom
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chayarop Supanchart
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pattanin Montreekachon
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sakornrat Khongkhunthian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thanapat Sastraruji
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julaporn Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
- Center of Excellence in Oral and Maxillofacial Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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