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Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37736748 PMCID: PMC10517027 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengtong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Antra, Parashar P, Hungyo H, Jain A, Ahmad S, Tandon V. Unraveling molecular mechanisms of Head and neck cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103778. [PMID: 35932993 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies that develop from mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract are known as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Heterogeneity, late stage diagnosis and high recurrence rate are big hurdles in head and neck treatment regimen. Presently, the biomarkers available for diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC are based on smoking as the major risk habit. This review shed light on the differential environment of HNSCC in smokeless tobacco consuming Indian patients. Frequent mutation in genes involved in DNA repair pathway (p53), cell proliferation (PIK3CA, HRAS) and cell death (CASP8, FADD) are common in western population. On the contrary, the genes involved in metastasis (MMPs, YAP1), lymphocyte proliferation (TNFRSF4, CD80), cell-cell adhesion (DCC, EDNRB), miRNA processing (DROSHA) and inflammatory responses (TLR9, IL-9) are mutated in Indian HNSCC patients. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted that responses to chemical stimulus, immune pathways and stress pathways are highly enriched in Indian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antra
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Palak Parashar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Hungharla Hungyo
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Anuja Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Shandar Ahmad
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067.
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Padin-Iruegas E, Chamorro-Petronacci CM, Sines-Cajade I, Lorenzo-Pouso AI, Blanco-Carrión A, Pérez-Jardón A, Gándara-Vila P, Pérez-Sayans M. DNA Methylation by Bisulfite Next-Generation Sequencing for MLH1 and MGMT in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Potentially Malignant Disorders: An Integrative Analysis towards Field Cancerization. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070878. [PMID: 35888599 PMCID: PMC9322644 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: MGMT methylation is a well-described biomarker in several solid tumors and MLH1 seems to occur in the initial stages of oral carcinogenesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate MHL1 and MGMT methylation levels in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and to integrate this information with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Materials and Methods: To determine the percentage of gene methylation in MLH1 and MGMT, pyrosequencing analysis was conducted. Samples were divided as follows: (1) patients diagnosed with OSCC (N = 16); (2) patients with OPDM who developed OSCC in the same location (N = 47); and (3) patients with OPDM who developed OSCC in a different location (N = 22). As a validation cohort in this study, data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) database, particularly regarding Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma, was used. Results: Overall MLH1 methylation levels of 8.6 ± 11.5% and 8.1 ± 9.2% for MGMT were obtained. With regard to MHL1, the OSCC presented the highest degree of methylation with 9.3 ± 7.3% (95%CI 5.1–13.6), and with regards to MGMT, the simultaneous malignancy group presented the highest degree of methylation with 10 ± 13.5% (95%CI 6–10), although no significant differences were found between the groups (p = 0.934 and p = 0.515, respectively). The estimated survival was higher for MGMT methylated cases (19.1 months, 95%CI 19.1–19.1) than for unmethylated cases (9.4 months, 95%CI 6–12.8), but not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our results did not show a correlation between MGMT and MLH1 methylation and any clinicopathological feature or survival in our institutional cohort. MLH1 methylation was present mainly in OSCC, whilst MGMT in OPMD represented a modest contribution to field cancerization, with an overall consistency with the TCGA database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Padin-Iruegas
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Area, Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Physiotherapy, University of Vigo, 36001 Pontevedra, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Cintia M. Chamorro-Petronacci
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Iria Sines-Cajade
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alejandro I. Lorenzo-Pouso
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-636-67-67-84
| | - Andrés Blanco-Carrión
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Pilar Gándara-Vila
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayans
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (ORALRES Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.M.C.-P.); (A.B.-C.); (A.P.-J.); (P.G.-V.); (M.P.-S.)
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela (MedOralRes Group), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Mori K, Hamada T, Beppu M, Tsuchihashi H, Goto Y, Kume K, Hijioka H, Nishi K, Mishima Y, Sugiura T. Detecting Early-Stage Oral Cancer from Clinically Diagnosed Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders by DNA Methylation Profile. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112646. [PMID: 35681626 PMCID: PMC9179386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clinically, early-stage oral cancers are difficult to distinguish from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) because they show a variety of mucosal pathologies. Therefore, invasive tissue biopsies should be performed to determine the treatment strategy. Previously, we focused on gargle fluid as a noninvasive testing method and reported aberrant methylation in gargle fluid in patients with oral cancer. In this study, we successfully identified aberrantly methylated genes in early-stage oral cancer and reported that a combination of methylation of six genes could distinguish early-stage oral cancer from OPMDs, with high diagnostic performance. In addition, the methylation panel more accurately reflected the presence of early-stage oral cancer than cytology testing. Our results suggest that the methylation panel using gargle fluid has the potential to be used as a noninvasive screening tool to diagnose early-stage cancer. Abstract Clinically, early-stage oral cancers are difficult to distinguish from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and invasive tissue biopsy should be performed to determine a treatment strategy. Previously, we focused on gargle fluid as a noninvasive testing method and reported aberrant methylation in gargle fluid in patients with oral cancer. This study aimed to distinguish early-stage oral cancer from clinically diagnosed OPMDs using gargle fluid samples. We collected gargle fluid samples from 40 patients who were clinically diagnosed with OPMDs in the training set; among them, 9 patients were pathologically diagnosed with oral cancer. Methylation levels of 25 tumor suppressor genes were analyzed using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) method. We found that a combination of six genes (TP73, CASP8, RARB, KLLN, GSTP1, and CHFR) could distinguish oral cancer from clinically diagnosed OPMDs with high diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC], 0.885; sensitivity, 77.8%; and specificity, 87.1%). Additionally, the panel comprised of the six methylated genes was validated in the test set. Furthermore, when compared with cytology testing, the panel could accurately detect oral cancer. The present methylated gene panel may serve as a novel biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Mori
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomofumi Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hakuaikai Social Medical Corporation, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima 892-0833, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-99-224-1800 (T.H.); +81-99-275-6232 (T.S.)
| | - Mahiro Beppu
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroki Tsuchihashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kenichi Kume
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Hijioka
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Keitaro Nishi
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yumiko Mishima
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiura
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-99-224-1800 (T.H.); +81-99-275-6232 (T.S.)
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Flausino CS, Daniel FI, Modolo F. DNA methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: from its role in carcinogenesis to potential inhibitor drugs. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 164:103399. [PMID: 34147646 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is one of epigenetic changes most frequently studied nowadays, together with its relationship with oral carcinogenesis. A group of enzymes is responsible for methylation process, known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although essential during embryogenesis, DNA methylation pattern alterations, including global hypomethylation or gene promoter hypermethylation, can be respectively associated with chromosomal instability and tumor suppressor gene silencing. Higher expression of DNA methyltransferases is a common finding in oral cancer and may contribute to inactivation of important tumor suppressor genes, influencing development, progression, metastasis, and prognosis of the tumor. To control these alterations, inhibitor drugs have been developed as a way to regulate DNMT overexpression, and they are intended to be associated with ongoing chemo- and radiotherapy in oral cancer treatments. In this article, we aimed to highlight the current knowledge about DNA methylation in oral cancer, including main hyper/hypomethylated genes, DNMT expression and its inhibitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe Ivan Daniel
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Filipe Modolo
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Association between MGMT status and response to alkylating agents in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222307. [PMID: 32141507 PMCID: PMC7098124 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a specific DNA damage reversal repair protein. The influence of MGMT status on alkylating agent sensitivity in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) is controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the influence of MGMT status on the therapeutic sensitivity of alkylating agents in patients with NENs. Methods: We searched PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane library public databases through 3 July 2019. The objective response rate (ORR) was the outcome data of interest. Subgroup analysis was performed according based on MGMT methylation and expression of MGMT protein. Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The proportion of patients with NENs that achieved an ORR after alkylating agent treatment was higher in the MGMT-deficient group than the non-deficient group (OR: 5.00; 95% CI: 3.04–8.22; P < 0.001; I2: 3%). Similar results were noted in the MGMT methylation and MGMT protein expression subgroups. Conclusion: Patients with NENs and MGMT methylation or low protein expression had a higher ORR proportion than patients without MGMT methylation or high protein expression. The MGMT status can be used as a biological indicator of the response to alkylating agent treatment in patients with NENs.
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Jensen GL, Axelrud G, Fink D, Hammonds K, Walker K, Volz M, Gowan A, Rao A, Deb N, Jhavar SG. Improved local control in p16 negative oropharyngeal cancers with hypermethylated MGMT. Radiother Oncol 2021; 157:234-240. [PMID: 33577867 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with oropharyngeal cancers that are p16 negative (p16-) have worse outcomes than those who are p16 positive (p16+) and there is an unmet need for prognostic markers in this population. O6-Methylguanine (O6-MG)-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) gene methylation has been associated with response to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in glioblastoma. We sought to find if MGMT promoter methylation was associated with outcomes of locally advanced oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OOSCC) in patients treated with definitive concurrent CRT. METHODS Patients were identified with primary OOSCC, known p16 status, retrievable pre-treatment biopsies, and at least 6 months of follow-up who received definitive concurrent CRT from 2004 to 2015. Biopsies were tested for MGMT hypermethylation (MGMT+) using a Qiagen pyrosequencing kit (Catalog number 970061). Outcomes were subsequently recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were included with a median follow up of 78 (range 6-196) months. Fourteen patients (24.1%) had oral cavity cancer and 44 (75.9%) had oropharyngeal cancer. A significant difference was found for local recurrence free survival (LRFS) by combined MGMT and p16 status (p = 0.0004). Frequency of LR in MGMT+/p16+, MGMT+/p16-, MGMT-/p16+, and MGMT-p16- patients was 14.3%, 14.3%, 13.0%, and 69.2%, respectively (p = 0.0019). A significant difference was not found for distant recurrence free survival (p = 0.6165) or overall survival (p = 0.1615). LRFS remained significant on analysis restricted to oropharyngeal cancer patients (p-value = 0.0038). CONCLUSION Patients who are p16- and MGMT+ with oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma have significantly better LC with definitive CRT than those who are p16- and MGMT-. Prospective studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett L Jensen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA.
| | - Gabriel Axelrud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - David Fink
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Kendall Hammonds
- Department of Biostatistics, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Kimberly Walker
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Marcus Volz
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Alan Gowan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Arundhati Rao
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Niloyjyoti Deb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA
| | - Sameer G Jhavar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, USA.
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Hsu PJ, Yan K, Shi H, Izumchenko E, Agrawal N. Molecular biology of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 102:104552. [PMID: 31918173 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is a heterogeneous and complex disease that arises due to dysfunction of multiple molecular signaling pathways. Recent advances in high-throughput genetic sequencing technologies coupled with innovative analytical techniques have begun to characterize the molecular determinants driving OCSCC. An understanding of the key molecular signaling networks underlying the initiation and progression of is essential for informing treatment of the disease. In this chapter, we discuss recent findings of key genes altered in OCSCC and potential treatments targeting these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Hsu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kenneth Yan
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Section of Hematology Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Sánchez‐Siles M, Aliaga‐Sánchez A, Medina S, Adoamnei E, Fernández‐Ruiz JA, Pelegrín‐Hernández JP, Corno‐Caparrós A, Rosa‐Salazar V, Camacho‐Alonso F. Genotyping of the C>T allele of rs16906252, predictor of O16‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, in erosive atrophic lesions of oral lichen planus. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1078-1082. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Aliaga‐Sánchez
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Reina Sofia Hospital Murcia Spain
- Department of Oral Surgery University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Department of Food Science and Technology CEBAS‐CSIC Murcia Spain
| | - Evdochia Adoamnei
- Department of Public Health Sciences University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | | | | | | | - Vladimir Rosa‐Salazar
- Tromboembolic Disease Unit/Short Stay Unit Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital Murcia Spain
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do Amaral GCLS, Planello AC, Borgato G, de Lima DG, Guimarães GN, Marques MR, de Souza AP. 5-Aza-CdR promotes partial MGMT demethylation and modifies expression of different genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 127:425-432. [PMID: 30827853 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) vary, depending on the stage of diagnosis. Surgery and radiotherapy are options for localized lesions for stage I patients, whereas chemotherapy is the main treatment for metastatic OSCC. However, aggressive tumors can relapse, frequently causing death. In an attempt to address this, novel treatment protocols using drugs that alter the epigenetic profile have emerged as an alternative to control tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, the objective in this study was to investigate the effect of the demethylating drug 5-aza-CdR in SCC9 OSCC cells. STUDY DESIGN SCC9 cells were treated with 5-Aza-CdR at concentrations of 0.3μM and 2μM for 24hours and 48hours. DNA methylation of the MGMT, BRCA1, APC, c-MYC, and hTERT genes were investigated by using the methylation-specific high-resolution melting technique. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to analyze gene expression. RESULTS 5-Aza-CdR promoted demethylation of MGMT and modified the transcription of all analyzed genes. Curiously, 5-aza-CdR at the concentration of 0.3μM was more efficient than 2μM in SCC9 cells. CONCLUSIONS We observed that 5-aza-CdR led to MGMT demethylation, upregulated the transcription of 3 important tumor suppressor genes, and promoted the downregulation of c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C L S do Amaral
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Aline C Planello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriell Borgato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Dieila Giomo de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo N Guimarães
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Souza
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, FOP, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil.
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The potential role of MGMT rs12917 polymorphism in cancer risk: an updated pooling analysis with 21010 cases and 34018 controls. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180942. [PMID: 30232235 PMCID: PMC6435461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed at determining the potential role of rs12917 polymorphism of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene in the occurrence of cancer. Based on the available data from the online database, we performed an updated meta-analysis. We retrieved 537 articles from our database research and finally selected a total of 54 case–control studies (21010 cases and 34018 controls) for a series of pooling analyses. We observed an enhanced risk in cancer cases compared with controls, using the genetic models T/T compared with C/C (P-value of association test <0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 1.29) and T/T compared with C/C+C/T (P<0.001; OR = 1.32). We detected similar positive results in the subgroups ‘Caucasian’, and ‘glioma’ (all P<0.05; OR > 1). However, we detected negative results in our analyses of most of the other subgroups (P>0.05). Begg’s and Egger’s tests indicated that the results were free of potential publication bias, and sensitivity analysis suggested the stability of the pooling results. In summary, the T/T genotype of MGMT rs12917 is likely to be linked to an enhanced susceptibility to cancer overall, especially glioma, in the Caucasian population.
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