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Tu B, Wang Y, Wu Z, Zhou W, Tang X, Zhang C, Gao Y. DIA-based serum proteomics revealed the protective effect of modified siwu decoction against hypobaric hypoxia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117303. [PMID: 37827297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Siwu decoction (SWD) is a common traditional formula for nourishing blood, and its derived formulas are also widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinic. However, the protective effects of SWD and its derived formulas on blood deficiency and blood stasis caused by rushing to the plateau are rarely reported, and the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study explores the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of modified siwu decoction (MSWD) adding Persicae Semans (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) and Carthami Flos (Carthamus tinctorius L.) against hypobaric hypoxia (HH). The acute toxicity of MSWD was also evaluated to further validate the potential of MSWD as a therapeutic candidate for HH. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypoxic models of C57BL/6 J and KM male mice were used to evaluate the pharmacological effect of MSWD. 2 μL serum sample of C57BL/6 J mice was digested into peptide mixtures and analyzed with DIA mode on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer after LC separation. The peptide and protein identifications were limited to a 1% FDR. Screening of differential expressed proteins, correlation analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, principal components analysis and Mfuzz analysis were all performed by R packages. The protein-protein interaction network was analyzed using the STRING website and constructed with Cytoscape software. RESULTS MSWD showed a protective effect against acute hypoxia exposure through increasing the number of red blood cells and improving hemodynamics indexes in mice. Meanwhile, the biochemical results showed that MSWD could reduce the inflammation and oxidative stress, reduce the content of organ injury biomarkers and significantly improve the high-intensity exercise ability of mice. Subsequently, serum DIA proteomic results revealed significant changes in proteomic characteristics after MSWD intervention. Specifically, proteins related to oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system, such as Sod1, Gstp1, Vcp and Usp14, were down-regulated after MSWD intervention, suggesting that the protective effect of MSWD involved the reduction of oxidative stress and energy expenditure. MSWD also intervened in energy metabolism and lipid metabolism processes by altering the expression levels of Eno1, Sphk1 and Apoa1 to ameliorate hypoxia-induced disorders. At the same time, MSWD acute toxicity test showed no obvious toxicity. CONCLUSIONS MSWD has a good protective effect against HH by ameliorating hypoxia-induced disorders of energy and lipid metabolism, supporting MSWD as a safe drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of acute hypoxia fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodan Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhenhui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xianglin Tang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guang Zhou, 510006, China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330000, China; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guang Zhou, 510006, China; Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Chronic Training Induces Metabolic and Proteomic Response in Male and Female Basketball Players: Salivary Modifications during In-Season Training Programs. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020241. [PMID: 36673609 PMCID: PMC9858989 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the salivary proteome and metabolome of highly trained female and male young basketball players, highlighting common and different traits. A total of 20 male and female basketball players (10 female and 10 male) and 20 sedentary control subjects (10 female and 10 male) were included in the study. The athletes exercised at least five times per week for 2 h per day. Saliva samples were collected mid-season, between 9:00 and 11:00 a.m. and away from sport competition. The proteome and metabolome were analyzed by using 2DE and GC-MS techniques, respectively. A computerized 2DE gel image analysis revealed 43 spots that varied in intensity among groups. Between these spots, 10 (23.2%) were differentially expressed among male athletes and controls, 22 (51.2%) between female basketball players and controls, 11 spots (25.6%) between male and female athletes, and 13 spots (30.2%) between male and female controls. Among the proteins identified were Immunoglobulin, Alpha-Amylase, and Dermcidin, which are inflammation-related proteins. In addition, several amino acids, such as glutamic acid, lysine, ornithine, glycine, tyrosine, threonine, and valine, were increased in trained athletes. In this study, we highlight that saliva is a useful biofluid to assess athlete performance and confirm that the adaptation of men and women to exercise has some common features, but also some different sex-specific behaviors, including differential amino acid utilization and expression of inflammation-related proteins, which need to be further investigated. Moreover, in the future, it will be interesting to examine the influence of sport-type on these differences.
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Yu JJ, Non AL, Heinrich EC, Gu W, Alcock J, Moya EA, Lawrence ES, Tift MS, O'Brien KA, Storz JF, Signore AV, Khudyakov JI, Milsom WK, Wilson SM, Beall CM, Villafuerte FC, Stobdan T, Julian CG, Moore LG, Fuster MM, Stokes JA, Milner R, West JB, Zhang J, Shyy JY, Childebayeva A, Vázquez-Medina JP, Pham LV, Mesarwi OA, Hall JE, Cheviron ZA, Sieker J, Blood AB, Yuan JX, Scott GR, Rana BK, Ponganis PJ, Malhotra A, Powell FL, Simonson TS. Time Domains of Hypoxia Responses and -Omics Insights. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885295. [PMID: 36035495 PMCID: PMC9400701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to respond rapidly to changes in oxygen tension is critical for many forms of life. Challenges to oxygen homeostasis, specifically in the contexts of evolutionary biology and biomedicine, provide important insights into mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation and tolerance. Here we synthesize findings across varying time domains of hypoxia in terms of oxygen delivery, ranging from early animal to modern human evolution and examine the potential impacts of environmental and clinical challenges through emerging multi-omics approaches. We discuss how diverse animal species have adapted to hypoxic environments, how humans vary in their responses to hypoxia (i.e., in the context of high-altitude exposure, cardiopulmonary disease, and sleep apnea), and how findings from each of these fields inform the other and lead to promising new directions in basic and clinical hypoxia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Yu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy L. Non
- Department of Anthropology, Division of Social Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
| | - Erica C. Heinrich
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joe Alcock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, MX, United States
| | - Esteban A. Moya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Elijah S. Lawrence
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Tift
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Katie A. O'Brien
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, ENG, United Kingdom
| | - Jay F. Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Anthony V. Signore
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, IL, United States
| | - Jane I. Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, United States
| | | | - Sean M. Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Colleen G. Julian
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lorna G. Moore
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mark M. Fuster
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Stokes
- Department of Kinesiology, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, United States
| | - Richard Milner
- San Diego Biomedical Research Institute, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John B. West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - John Y. Shyy
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - José Pablo Vázquez-Medina
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Letters and Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Luu V. Pham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Omar A. Mesarwi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Cheviron
- Division of Biological Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Jeremy Sieker
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arlin B. Blood
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Jason X. Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Graham R. Scott
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Brinda K. Rana
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Department of Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Ponganis
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Frank L. Powell
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Amy L. Non, Tatum S. Simonson,
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Sharma V, Varshney R, Sethy NK. Human adaptation to high altitude: a review of convergence between genomic and proteomic signatures. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:21. [PMID: 35841113 PMCID: PMC9287971 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both genomics- and proteomics-based investigations have identified several essential genes, proteins, and pathways that may facilitate human adaptive genotype/phenotype in a population-specific manner. This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date list of genes and proteins identified for human adaptive responses to high altitudes. Genomics studies for indigenous high-altitude populations like Tibetans, Andeans, Ethiopians, and Sherpas have identified 169 genes under positive natural selection. Similarly, global proteomics studies have identified 258 proteins (± 1.2-fold or more) for Tibetan, Sherpa, and Ladakhi highlanders. The primary biological processes identified for genetic signatures include hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated oxygen sensing, angiogenesis, and erythropoiesis. In contrast, major biological processes identified for proteomics signatures include 14–3-3 mediated sirtuin signaling, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), and integrin signaling. Comparing genetic and protein signatures, we identified 7 common genes/proteins (HBB/hemoglobin subunit beta, TF/serotransferrin, ANGPTL4/angiopoietin-related protein 4, CDC42/cell division control protein 42 homolog, GC/vitamin D-binding protein, IGFBP1/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1, and IGFBP2/insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2) involved in crucial molecular functions like IGF-1 signaling, LXR/RXR activation, ferroptosis signaling, iron homeostasis signaling and regulation of cell cycle. Our combined multi-omics analysis identifies common molecular targets and pathways for human adaptation to high altitude. These observations further corroborate convergent positive selection of hypoxia-responsive molecular pathways in humans and advocate using multi-omics techniques for deciphering human adaptive responses to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Sharma
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajeev Varshney
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Niroj Kumar Sethy
- Peptide and Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
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Proteomic and clinical biomarkers for acute mountain sickness in a longitudinal cohort. Commun Biol 2022; 5:548. [PMID: 35668171 PMCID: PMC9170681 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascending to high-altitude by non-high-altitude natives is a well-suited model for studying acclimatization to extreme environments. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is frequently experienced by visitors. The diagnosis of AMS mainly depends on a self-questionnaire, revealing the need for reliable biomarkers for AMS. Here, we profiled 22 AMS symptom phenotypes, 65 clinical indexes, and plasma proteomic profiles of AMS via a combination of proximity extension assay and multiple reaction monitoring of a longitudinal cohort of 53 individuals. We quantified 1069 proteins and validated 102 proteins. Via differential analysis, machine learning, and functional association analyses. We found and validated that RET played an important role in the pathogenesis of AMS. With high-accuracies (AUCs > 0.9) of XGBoost-based models, we prioritized ADAM15, PHGDH, and TRAF2 as protective, predictive, and diagnostic biomarkers, respectively. Our findings shed light on the precision medicine for AMS and the understanding of acclimatization to high-altitude environments. Potential acute mountain sickness diagnostic, predictive, protective biomarkers are established using plasma proteomic, clinical and symptom phenotype data with machine learning approaches in a longitudinal cohort of 53 individuals.
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Shuang M, Jie L, Ruixia Z, Chuanchuan L, Yan M. Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertensionc. CURR PROTEOMICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164619666220204123709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension
Background:
Background: Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high-altitudes.
Objective:
Objective: To investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of SD rats under hypoxia over a period of four-weeks.
Method:
Method: Proteomic profile analysis of pulmonary artery in a rat model under hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Results:
Results: With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were up-regulated while 46 were down-regulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were down-regulated. KEGG enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group.
Conclusion:
Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings submit basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is a pathological condition exemplified by a constant rise in pulmonary artery pressure in high altitudes. Herein, we investigated the proteome profile and response mechanisms of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under hypoxia over a period of four weeks. Unbiased iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics was utilized in proteome profile analysis of a rat model exposed to HPH. With 3,204 proteins identified, 49 were upregulated while 46 were downregulated. Upregulated genes included Prolargin, Protein, S100-A6 and Transgelin-2, whereas Nascent polypeptide-associated complex and Elongator complex protein 1 were downregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enriched pathways had purine metabolism, cancer, and lipolysis regulation as significantly enriched in hypoxic group. In conclusion, the findings from this study submit a basis for downstream studies on tissue hypoxia mechanisms alongside the associated physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Shuang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Liu Jie
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Zhang Ruixia
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Liu Chuanchuan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Ma Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, 810001, PR China
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McKetney J, Jenkins CC, Minogue C, Mach PM, Hussey EK, Glaros TG, Coon J, Dhummakupt ES. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling of acute and chronic stress events associated with military exercises. Mol Omics 2021; 18:279-295. [PMID: 34860218 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00271f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By characterizing physiological changes that occur in warfighters during simulated combat, we can start to unravel the key biomolecular components that are linked to physical and cognitive performance. Viable field-based sensors for the warfighter must be rapid and noninvasive. In an effort to facilitate this, we applied a multiomics pipeline to characterize the stress response in the saliva of warfighters to correlate biomolecular changes with overall performance and health. In this study, two different stress models were observed - one of chronic stress and one of acute stress. In both models, significant perturbations in the immune, metabolic, and protein manufacturing/processing systems were observed. However, when differentiating between stress models, specific metabolites associated with the "fight or flight" response and protein folding were seen to be discriminate of the acute stress model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin McKetney
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Conor C Jenkins
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA.
| | - Catie Minogue
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA.
| | - Erika K Hussey
- DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA.,Defense Innovation Unit, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Trevor G Glaros
- DEVCOM Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21010, USA. .,Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Joshua Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA. .,National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53515, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Ashour AA. High Altitude and Its Effects on Oral Health: A Review of Literature. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2320206820942401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Health deterioration at high altitudes is related to many pathophysiological processes. The literature contains much evidence describing the multiple factors responsible for this deterioration, including hypoxia, decreased oxygen saturation, and decreased barometric pressure. An increase in the levels of oxidative stress at high altitudes can lead to many serious health events, although the human body may be able to adapt to such changes in the case of people who are accustomed to living at a high altitude. The pathophysiological processes at high altitudes also have adverse effects on oral tissue health. The aim of this review is to summarize the major published findings about oral health deterioration of living in and travelling to high-altitude areas. Most studies have noted the adverse effects of prolonged exposure to hypoxia at high altitudes on oral tissues, including the salivary gland, periodontal tissue, gingival crevicular fluids, and jawbone. These changes include increases in the levels of inflammatory mediators and periodontal inflammation parameters. In addition, the incidence and severity of dental fluorosis is higher in residents of high-altitude areas. Abrupt changes in barometric pressure in people who travel to high altitudes may cause dental barotrauma and appear to increase sensitivity to pain (barodontalgia). In conclusion, it is important to consider that travelling to and living in high-altitude areas is a possible risk factor for multiple oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Adnan Ashour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Jain S, Paul S, Meena RN, Gangwar A, Panjwani U, Ahmad Y, Bhargava K. Saliva panel of protein candidates: A comprehensive study for assessing high altitude acclimatization. Nitric Oxide 2019; 95:1-11. [PMID: 31778801 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Altitude acclimatization describes the processes whereby lowland humans respond to decreased partial pressure of oxygen. It refers to the changes seen as beneficial and involves a series of physiological adjustments that compensate for reduced ambient PO2, as opposed to changes that are pathological. Although numerous reports document the physiological effects of exposure to hypobaric hypoxia of varying durations but an interesting aspect overlooked by many researchers is that of acclimatization related studies. As proteome, a dynamic entity responds immediately to external stimuli, protein markers and their trends can be studied to assess acclimatization status of an individual. Compared to blood, the use of saliva is advantageous because sample collection and processing are easy, minimally invasive, low cost and better tolerated by individuals. In this study, we employed iTRAQ based LC-MS/MS technique for comparing saliva samples from humans exposed to hypobaric hypoxia from 7 to 120 days with normoxic controls followed by analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and validation by immunoassays. Nearly 67 proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the exposed groups as compared to normoxia indicating modulated canonical pathways as lipid metabolism; acute phase response signalling and proteins as carbonic anhydrase 6, alpha-enolase, albumin, and prolactin inducible protein. Collectively, this study provides the proof of concept for the non-invasive assessment of high altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Jain
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Subhojit Paul
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Ram Niwas Meena
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Anamika Gangwar
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Usha Panjwani
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Yasmin Ahmad
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Kalpana Bhargava
- Peptide & Proteomics Division, Defence Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence R&D Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, New Delhi, 110054, India.
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