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Bi R, Sun Y, Xiang L, Xu Z, Ye X, Tian Y, Lin Y, Yang C, Gao Y. TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Is Required to Alleviate Fluoride-Induced Enamel Hypomineralization. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:569-579. [PMID: 37140770 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intake during enamel development can affect enamel mineralization, leading to dental fluorosis. However, its potential mechanisms remain largely unexplored. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of fluoride on the expressions of RUNX2 and ALPL during mineralization and the effect of TGF-β1 administration on fluoride treatment. A dental fluorosis model of newborn mice and an ameloblast cell line ALC were both used in the present study. The mice of the NaF group, including the mothers and newborns, were fed with water containing 150 ppm NaF after delivery to induce dental fluorosis. The mandibular incisors and molars showed significant abrasion in the NaF group. Immunostaining, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting analysis indicated that exposure to fluoride markedly down-regulated RUNX2 and ALPL in mouse ameloblasts and ALCs. Besides, fluoride treatment significantly decreased the mineralization level detected by ALP staining. Furthermore, exogenous TGF-β1 up-regulated RUNX2 and ALPL and promoted mineralization, while the addition of SIS3 could block such TGF-β1-induced up-regulation. In TGF-β1 conditional knockout mice, the immunostaining of RUNX2 and ALPL was weaker compared with wild-type mice. Exposure to fluoride inhibited the expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad3. Co-treatment of TGF-β1 and fluoride up-regulated RUNX2 and ALPL compared with the fluoride alone treatment, promoting mineralization. Collectively, our data indicated that TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway was necessary for the regulatory effects of fluoride on RUNX2 and ALPL, and the fluoride-induced suppression of ameloblast mineralization was mitigated by activating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Bi
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Ye
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanying Tian
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, 264003, Yantai, China.
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Shandong, 256600, Binzhou, China.
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Li P, Zeng B, Xie W, Xiao X, Lin L, Yu D, Zhao W. Enamel Structure Defects in Kdf1 Missense Mutation Knock-in Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020482. [PMID: 36831017 PMCID: PMC9953722 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Keratinocyte differentiation factor 1 (KDF1) is reported to take part in tooth formation in humans, but the dental phenotype of Kdf1 mutant mice has not been understood. Additionally, the role of the KDF1 gene in dental hard tissue development is rarely known. In this study, we constructed a Kdf1 missense mutation knock-in mouse model through CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology. Enamel samples from wildtypes (WT) and Kdf1 homozygous mutants (HO) were examined using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman microspectroscopy. The results showed that a novel Kdf1 missense mutation (c. 908G>C, p.R303P) knock-in mice model was constructed successfully. The enamel of HO mice incisors appeared chalky and defective, exposing the rough interior of the inner enamel and dentin. Micro-CT showed that HO mice had lower volume and mineral density in their tooth enamel. In addition, declined thickness was found in the unerupted enamel layer of incisors in the HO mice. Using SEM and AFM, it was found that enamel prisms in HO mice enamel were abnormally and variously shaped with loose decussating crystal arrangement, meanwhile the enamel rods were partially fused and collapsed, accompanied by large gaps. Furthermore, misshapen nanofibrous apatites were disorderly combined with each other. Raman microspectroscopy revealed a compromised degree of order within the crystals in the enamel after the Kdf1 mutation. To conclude, we identified enamel structure defects in the Kdf1 missense mutation knock-in mice, which displayed fragmentary appearance, abnormally shaped prism structure, decreased mineral density, altered crystal ordering degree and chemical composition of the enamel layer. This may support the potential role of the KDF1 gene in the natural development of enamel.
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Miyakawa Y, Chiba-Ohkuma R, Karakida T, Yamamoto R, Kobayashi S, Yamakoshi Y, Asada Y. Response of TGF-β isoforms in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of enamel epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 143:105540. [PMID: 36087522 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During enamel formation, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) isoforms exhibit different activities for gene expression, apoptosis, and endocytosis. This study aimed to investigate the differential response of TGF-β isoforms to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in enamel epithelial cells. DESIGN Using a mouse enamel epithelial cell line (mHAT9d) cultured in the presence of each TGF-β isoform, (1) the morphological changes in EMT were explored, (2) EMT-related genes were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), (3) TGF-β pathway for EMT was identified by inhibition experiments, and (4) the expression of the TGF-β receptor gene in response to the binding affinity of the TGF-β isoform were analyzed. RESULTS EMT was observed in mHAT9d cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 and β3 but not TGF-β2. The expression of both epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes was observed in mHAT9d exhibiting EMT. NGS analysis suggested extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Rho pathways as TGF-β signaling pathways associated with EMT. However, EMT in mHAT9d cultured in the presence of TGF-β1 or β3 occurred even in presence of an ERK1/2 inhibitor and was suppressed by Rho-kinase inhibitor. The expression of co-receptors for TGF-β signaling in mHAT9d cells reduced following stimulation with each TGF-β isoform. In contrast, endoglin levels increased following TGF-β1 or β3 stimulation, but no change was noted in response to TGF-β2. CONCLUSIONS We propose that in TGF-β-stimulated enamel epithelial cells, EMT mainly occurred via the Rho signaling pathway, and the differences in response across TGF-β isoforms were due to their endoglin-mediated binding affinity for the TGF-β receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miyakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Risako Chiba-Ohkuma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Takeo Karakida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Saeko Kobayashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuo Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Asada
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan.
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The synergistic effects of TGF-β1 and RUNX2 on enamel mineralization through regulating ODAPH expression during the maturation stage. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:483-492. [PMID: 35165792 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) are critical factors promoting enamel development and maturation. Our previous studies reported that absence of TGF-β1 or RUNX2 resulted in abnormal secretion and absorption of enamel matrix proteins. However, the mechanism remained enigmatic. In this study, TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- and TGF-β1+/-Runx2+/- mice were successfully generated to clarify the relationship between TGF-β1 and RUNX2 during amelogenesis. Lower mineralization was observed in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- and TGF-β1+/-Runx2+/- mice than single gene deficient mice. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) revealed a lower ratio of enamel to dentin density in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice. Although μCT elucidated a relatively constant enamel thickness, variation was identified by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice were more vulnerable to acid etching with lower degree of enamel mineralization. Furthermore, the double gene knock-out mice exhibited more serious enamel dysplasia than the single gene deficient mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed abnormalities in ameloblast morphology and arrangement in TGF-β1-/-Runx2-/- mice, which was accompanied by the absence of atypical basal lamina (BL) and the ectopic of enamel matrix. Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) has been identified as a component of an atypical BL. The protein and mRNA expression of ODAPH were down-regulated. In summary, TGF-β1 and RUNX2 might synergistically regulate enamel mineralization through the downstream target gene Odaph. However, the specific mechanism by which TGF-β1 and RUNX2 promote mineralization remains to be further studied.
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Inoue A, Kiyoshima T, Yoshizaki K, Nakatomi C, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H, Shin M, Gao J, Tsuru K, Okabe K, Nakamura I, Honda H, Matsuda M, Takahashi I, Jimi E. Deletion of epithelial cell-specific p130Cas impairs the maturation stage of amelogenesis. Bone 2022; 154:116210. [PMID: 34592494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Amelogenesis consists of secretory, transition, maturation, and post-maturation stages, and the morphological changes of ameloblasts at each stage are closely related to their function. p130 Crk-associated substrate (Cas) is a scaffold protein that modulates essential cellular processes, including cell adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and polarization. The expression of p130Cas was observed from the secretory stage to the maturation stage in ameloblasts. Epithelial cell-specific p130Cas-deficient (p130CasΔepi-) mice exhibited enamel hypomineralization with chalk-like white mandibular incisors in young mice and attrition in aged mouse molars. A micro-computed tomography analysis and Vickers micro-hardness testing showed thinner enamel, lower enamel mineral density and hardness in p130CasΔepi- mice in comparison to p130Casflox/flox mice. Scanning electron microscopy, and an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated the disturbance of the enamel rod structure and lower Ca and P contents in p130CasΔepi- mice, respectively. The disorganized arrangement of ameloblasts, especially in the maturation stage, was observed in p130CasΔepi- mice. Furthermore, expression levels of enamel matrix proteins, such as amelogenin and ameloblastin in the secretory stage, and functional markers, such as alkaline phosphatase and iron accumulation, and Na+/Ca2++K+-exchanger in the maturation stage were reduced in p130CasΔepi- mice. These findings suggest that p130Cas plays important roles in amelogenesis (197 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Inoue
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakatomi
- Division of Physiology, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masashi Shin
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan; Oral Medicine Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Jing Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kanji Tsuru
- Section of Bioengineering, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-5-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Yugawara Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, 2-21-6 Chuo, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0396, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Field of Human Disease Models, Major in Advanced Life Sciences and Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eijiro Jimi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Oral Health/Brain Health/Total Health Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Yamada A, Yoshizaki K, Ishikawa M, Saito K, Chiba Y, Fukumoto E, Hino R, Hoshikawa S, Chiba M, Nakamura T, Iwamoto T, Fukumoto S. Connexin 43-Mediated Gap Junction Communication Regulates Ameloblast Differentiation via ERK1/2 Phosphorylation. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748574. [PMID: 34630166 PMCID: PMC8500398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin 43 (Cx43) is an integral membrane protein that forms gap junction channels. These channels mediate intercellular transport and intracellular signaling to regulate organogenesis. The human disease oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD) is caused by mutations in Cx43 and is characterized by skeletal, ocular, and dental abnormalities including amelogenesis imperfecta. To clarify the role of Cx43 in amelogenesis, we examined the expression and function of Cx43 in tooth development. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis and immunostaining showed that Cx43 is highly expressed in pre-secretory ameloblasts, differentiated ameloblasts, and odontoblasts. Further, we investigated the pathogenic mechanisms of ODDD by analyzing Cx43-null mice. These mice developed abnormal teeth with multiple dental epithelium layers. The expression of enamel matrix proteins such as ameloblastin (Ambn), which is critical for enamel formation, was significantly reduced in Cx43-null mice. TGF-β1 induces Ambn transcription in dental epithelial cells. The induction of Ambn expression by TGF-β1 depends on the density of the cultured cells. Cell culture at low densities reduces cell–cell contact and reduces the effect of TGF-β1 on Ambn induction. When cell density was high, Ambn expression by TGF-β1 was enhanced. This induction was inhibited by the gap junction inhibitors, oleamide, and 18α-grycyrrhizic acid and was also inhibited in cells expressing Cx43 mutations (R76S and R202H). TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of ERK1/2, but not Smad2/3, were suppressed by gap junction inhibitors. Cx43 gap junction activity is required for TGF-β1-mediated Runx2 phosphorylation through ERK1/2, which forms complexes with Smad2/3. In addition to its gap junction activity, Cx43 may also function as a Ca2+ channel that regulates slow Ca2+ influx and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. TGF-β1 transiently increases intracellular calcium levels, and the increase in intracellular calcium over a short period was not related to the expression level of Cx43. However, long-term intracellular calcium elevation was enhanced in cells overexpressing Cx43. Our results suggest that Cx43 regulates intercellular communication through gap junction activity by modulating TGF-β1-mediated ERK signaling and enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Emiko Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryoko Hino
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seira Hoshikawa
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuki Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Science, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Ji Y, Li C, Tian Y, Gao Y, Dong Z, Xiang L, Xu Z, Gao Y, Zhang L. Maturation stage enamel defects in Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (Odaph) deficient mice. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1505-1517. [PMID: 33772937 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation in Odontogenesis-associated phosphoprotein (ODAPH) has been reported to cause recessive hypomineralized amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in human. However, the exact role of ODAPH in amelogenesis is still unknown. RESULTS ODAPH was identified as a novel constituent of the atypical basal lamina located at the interface between maturation ameloblasts and the enamel by dual immunofluorescence staining of ODAPH and LAMC2. Odaph knockout mice were generated to explore the function of ODAPH in amelogenesis. Odaph-/- mice teeth showed severely attrition and reduced enamel mineralization. Histological analysis showed from transition or early-maturation stage, ameloblasts were rapidly shortened, lost cell polarity, and exhibited cell pathology. Abundant enamel matrix marked by amelogenin was retained. Temporary cyst-like structures were formed between flattened epithelial cells and the enamel from maturation stage to eruption. The integrity of the atypical basal lamina was impaired indicated by the reduced diffuse expression of LAMC2 and AMTN. The expression of maturation stage related genes of Amtn, Klk4, Integrinβ6 and Slc24a4 were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested Odaph played vital roles during amelogenesis by maintaining the integrity of the atypical basal lamina in maturation stage, which may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of human AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikang Ji
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiheng Dong
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Yuguang Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Preventive Dentistry, Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Gerber JT, Dos Santos KM, Brum BK, Petinati MFP, Meger MN, da Costa DJ, Elsalanty M, Küchler EC, Scariot R. Odontogenesis-related candidate genes involved in variations of permanent teeth size. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4481-4494. [PMID: 33651240 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 and variations in permanent tooth size (TS). MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 110 individuals' dental casts to determine the maximum tooth crown size of all fully erupted permanent teeth (third molars were excluded) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Genomic DNA was obtained from the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2 (rs59983488 and rs1200425), BMP4 (rs17563), BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464), TGFβ1 (rs1800470), EGF (rs4444903), and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) through real-time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The genetic polymorphisms rs59983488, rs1200425, rs17563, rs235768, rs1005464, rs1800470, and rs4444903 were associated with MD and BL TS of the upper and lower arches (p < 0.05). The polymorphism rs2119261 was associated with variation in TS only in the upper arch (p < 0.05). The rs3934908 was not associated with any TS measurement (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study reports novel associations between variation in permanent TS and genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 indicating a possible role of these genes in dental morphology. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Polymorphisms in odontogenesis-related genes may be involved in dental morphology enabling a prediction of permanent TS variability. The knowledge regarding genes involved in TS might impact the personalized dental treatment, considering that patients' genetic profile would soon be introduced into clinical practice to improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Tsi Gerber
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Katheleen Miranda Dos Santos
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Bruna Karas Brum
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Pivetta Petinati
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nascimento Meger
- School of Health Sciences, Positivo University, 5300 Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza Street, Campo Comprido, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Delson João da Costa
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Medical and Anatomical Sciences, College of Ostheopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western Universitiy, 615 E 3rd St, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n - Campus da USP, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Scariot
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Parana, 632 Prefeito Lothario Meissner Avenue, Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil.
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Zhang H, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Yuan G, Yang G. Dual roles of TGF-β signaling in the regulation of dental epithelial cell proliferation. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:77-86. [PMID: 33206256 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanisms and biological function of TGF-β-activated Smad1/5 in dental epithelium. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of TGF-β signaling-related gene in mice molar germ. Primary dental epithelial cells were cultured and treated with TGF-β1 at a concentration of 0.5 or 5 ng/mL. Small molecular inhibitors, SB431542 and ML347, was used to inhibite ALK5 and ALK1/2, respectively. Small interfering RNA was used to knock down Smad1/5 or Smad2/3. The proliferation rate of cells was evaluated by EdU assay. In the basal layer of dental epithelial bud TGF-β1 and p-Smad1/5 were highly expressed, and in the interior of the epithelial bud TGF-β1 was lowly expressed, whereas p-Smad2/3 was highly expressed. In primary cultured dental epithelial cells, low concentration of TGF-β1 activated Smad2/3 but not Smad1/5, while high concentration of TGF-β1 was able to activate both Smad2/3 and Smad1/5. SB431542 but not ML347 was able to block the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 by TGF-β1. Either SB431542 or ML347 was able to block the phosphorylation of Smad1/5 by TGF-β1. EdU staining showed that high concentration of TGF-β1 promoted dental epithelial cell proliferation, which was reversed by silencing Smad1/5, whereas low concentration of TGF-β1 inhibited cell proliferation, which was reversed by silencing Smad2/3. In conclusions, TGF-β exhibits dual roles in the regulation of dental epithelial cell proliferation through two pathways. On the one hand, TGF-β activates canonical Smad2/3 signaling through ALK5, inhibiting the proliferation of internal dental epithelial cells. On the other hand, TGF-β activates noncanonical Smad1/5 signaling through ALK1/2-ALK5, promoting the proliferation of basal cells in the dental epithelial bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yunyan Zhan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Guohua Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Guobin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road #237, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, Hubei, China.
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10
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4-Hexylresorcinol Administration Increases Dental Hard Tissue Formation and Incisor Eruption Rate in Rats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10165511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dental hard tissue formation and bone turnover are required for tooth eruption. 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) accelerates tooth movement by increasing bone turnover in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the following: (1) the effect of 4HR application on the expression of proteins associated with tooth formation, and (2) the effect of 4HR application on mandibular incisor eruption rate in a rat model. Primary cultured pulp cells received either 4HR (1 to 100 µM) or solvent only; western blotting was performed for transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenic protein-2/4 (BMP-2/4), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (OSX), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (PTHrP-R). In in vivo study, rats (15 males and 15 females) received either solvent or 0.128 mg/kg or 12.8 mg/kg of 4HR via subcutaneous injection; mandibular incisor eruption rate was subsequently recorded. Immunohistochemical staining and western blotting for TGF-β1, BMP-2/4, Runx2, OSX, DSPP, and PTHrP-R were performed in the mandibular tissue samples. 4HR administration was found to increase TGF-β1, BMP-2/4, Runx2, OSX, DSPP, and PTHrP-R expression in both cell culture and tissue samples. Immunohistochemical staining of some markers showed site-specific expression, thereby indicating programmed differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts. The eruption rate was significantly higher in the 12.8 mg/kg 4HR-administered group than in the untreated control (p = 0.001 and 0.010 for males and females, respectively). Collectively, 4HR administration increased the expression of markers related to dental hard tissue formation and accelerated the eruption rate of incisors in rats.
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Jobst-Schwan T, Klämbt V, Tarsio M, Heneghan JF, Majmundar AJ, Shril S, Buerger F, Ottlewski I, Shmukler BE, Topaloglu R, Hashmi S, Hafeez F, Emma F, Greco M, Laube GF, Fathy HM, Pohl M, Gellermann J, Milosevic D, Baum MA, Mane S, Lifton RP, Kane PM, Alper SL, Hildebrandt F. Whole exome sequencing identified ATP6V1C2 as a novel candidate gene for recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. Kidney Int 2019; 97:567-579. [PMID: 31959358 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis is a rare renal tubular disorder characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and impaired urinary acidification. Mutations in three genes (ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1 and SLC4A1) constitute a monogenic causation in 58-70% of familial cases of distal renal tubular acidosis. Recently, mutations in FOXI1 have been identified as an additional cause. Therefore, we hypothesized that further monogenic causes of distal renal tubular acidosis remain to be discovered. Panel sequencing and/or whole exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 17 families with 19 affected individuals with pediatric onset distal renal tubular acidosis. A causative mutation was detected in one of the three "classical" known distal renal tubular acidosis genes in 10 of 17 families. The seven unsolved families were then subjected to candidate whole exome sequencing analysis. Potential disease causing mutations in three genes were detected: ATP6V1C2, which encodes another kidney specific subunit of the V-type proton ATPase (1 family); WDR72 (2 families), previously implicated in V-ATPase trafficking in cells; and SLC4A2 (1 family), a paralog of the known distal renal tubular acidosis gene SLC4A1. Two of these mutations were assessed for deleteriousness through functional studies. Yeast growth assays for ATP6V1C2 revealed loss-of-function for the patient mutation, strongly supporting ATP6V1C2 as a novel distal renal tubular acidosis gene. Thus, we provided a molecular diagnosis in a known distal renal tubular acidosis gene in 10 of 17 families (59%) with this disease, identified mutations in ATP6V1C2 as a novel human candidate gene, and provided further evidence for phenotypic expansion in WDR72 mutations from amelogenesis imperfecta to distal renal tubular acidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Jobst-Schwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Verena Klämbt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maureen Tarsio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - John F Heneghan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Isabel Ottlewski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Boris E Shmukler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seema Hashmi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farkhanda Hafeez
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Francesco Emma
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Greco
- Department of Pediatric Subspecialties, Division of Nephrology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido F Laube
- Nephrology Unit, University Children's Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanan M Fathy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Martin Pohl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Gellermann
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital of Berlin, University Hospital Berlin Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danko Milosevic
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michelle A Baum
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patricia M Kane
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Liu X, Xu C, Tian Y, Sun Y, Zhang J, Bai J, Pan Z, Feng W, Xu M, Li C, Li J, Gao Y. RUNX2 contributes to TGF-β1-induced expression of Wdr72 in ameloblasts during enamel mineralization. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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13
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Huang F, Song Y, Chen W, Liu Q, Wang Q, Liu W, Wang X, Wang W. Effects of Candida albicans infection on defense effector secretion by human oral mucosal epithelial cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 103:55-61. [PMID: 31136880 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Candida albicans on the production of defense effector molecules by human oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. DESIGN Immortalized human oral mucosal epithelial (Leuk-1) cells and C. albicans strain 5314 were cocultured at different cell-to-C. albicans ratios. The viability of Leuk-1 cells was determined by MTT and RTCA measurements. The secretory levels of multiple defense effector molecules were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Our results indicated that C. albicans significantly decreased the secretion of IgG, cystatin C, lactoferrin, and TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner and remarkably reduced the production of IgA independent of the cell-to-C. albicans ratio. However, C. albicans clearly enhanced the secretion of IgM, galectin-3, P-selectin, granzyme B and perforin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that C. albicans may exert a regulatory role in the defense response of oral mucosal epithelial cells by altering secretory levels of defense effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Huang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuefeng Song
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Disease and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Mycology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Disease and STIs, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenmei Wang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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