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Hertel S, Basche S, Schmidt V, Staszyk C, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T, Hannig M. Erosion behaviour of human, bovine and equine dental hard tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19617. [PMID: 37949920 PMCID: PMC10638419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental hard tissues from different species are used in dental research, but little is known about their comparability. The aim of this study was to compare the erosive behaviour of dental hard tissues (enamel, dentin) obtained from human, bovine and equine teeth. In addition, the protective effect of the pellicle on each hard tissue under erosive conditions was determined. In situ pellicle formation was performed for 30 min on enamel and dentin samples from all species in four subjects. Calcium and phosphate release was assessed during 120 s of HCl incubation on both native and pellicle-covered enamel and dentin samples. SEM and TEM were used to examine surface changes in native enamel and dentin samples after acid incubation and the ultrastructure of the pellicle before and after erosive exposure. In general, bovine enamel and dentin showed the highest degree of erosion after acid exposure compared to human and equine samples. Erosion of human primary enamel tended to be higher than that of permanent teeth, whereas dentin showed the opposite behaviour. SEM showed that eroded equine dentin appeared more irregular than human or bovine dentin. TEM studies showed that primary enamel appeared to be most susceptible to erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hertel
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - S Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Schmidt
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - C Staszyk
- Institute for Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, Faculty for Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - T Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421, Homburg, Germany
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Enax J, Ganss B, Amaechi BT, Schulze zur Wiesche E, Meyer F. The composition of the dental pellicle: an updated literature review. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1260442. [PMID: 37899941 PMCID: PMC10600522 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1260442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The dental pellicle is a thin layer of up to several hundred nm in thickness, covering the tooth surface. It is known to protect the teeth from acid attacks through its selective permeability and it is involved in the remineralization process of the teeth. It functions also as binding site and source of nutrients for bacteria and conditioning biofilm (foundation) for dental plaque formation. Methods For this updated literature review, the PubMed database was searched for the dental pellicle and its composition. Results The dental pellicle has been analyzed in the past years with various state-of-the art analytic techniques such as high-resolution microscopic techniques (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy), spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, affinity chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and blotting-techniques (e.g., western blot). It consists of several different amino acids, proteins, and proteolytic protein fragments. Some studies also investigated other compounds of the pellicle, mainly fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Conclusions The dental pellicle is composed mainly of different proteins, but also fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Analysis with state-of-the-art analytical techniques have uncovered mainly acidic proline-rich proteins, amylase, cystatin, immunoglobulins, lysozyme, and mucins as main proteins of the dental pellicle. The pellicle has protective properties for the teeth. Further research is necessary to gain more knowledge about the role of the pellicle in the tooth remineralization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Enax
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bennett T. Amaechi
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Frederic Meyer
- Research Department, Dr. Kurt Wolff GmbH & Co. KG, Bielefeld, Germany
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Flemming J, Meyer-Probst CT, Hille K, Basche S, Speer K, Kölling-Speer I, Hannig C, Hannig M. Olive Oil as a Transport Medium for Bioactive Molecules of Plants?-An In Situ Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093803. [PMID: 37175213 PMCID: PMC10180205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Caries and erosions still remain a challenge for preventive dentistry. Certain plant extracts have shown beneficial effects in preventive dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, anti-adherent and erosion-protective properties of ellagic acid (EA) as a polyphenolic agent. The combination with olive oil was investigated additionally to verify a possible improved bioactive effect of EA. (2) An in situ study was carried out with six subjects. Individual splints were prepared with bovine enamel specimens. The splints were worn for 1 min (pellicle formation time). Thereafter, 10 min rinses were performed with EA in water/in oil. Bacterial adherence was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI, ConA, BacLight) after an 8 h oral exposition time. Additionally, the splints were worn for 30 min to quantify demineralization processes. The ultrastructure of the pellicle was investigated after an oral exposure time of 2 h under a transmission electron microscope. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney U tests and Bonferroni-Holm correction. (3) Rinsing with EA led to a significant reduction of adherent vital and dead bacteria. The combination with olive oil did not improve these outcomes. The assessment of glucan structures after rinsing with EA in water showed significant effects. Significant differences were observed for both rinses in calcium release at pH 3.0. After rinsing with EA in oil, significantly less calcium was released compared to rinsing with EA in water (pH = 3.0). (4) Olive oil is not suitable as a transport medium for lipophilic polyphenols. EA has anti-adherent and antibacterial properties in situ. EA also shows erosion-protective effects, which can be enhanced in combination with olive oil depending on the pH value. Ellagic acid has a neutral pH and could be an opportunity in the treatment of specific patient groups (xerostomia or mucositis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Flemming
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Clara Theres Meyer-Probst
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital Saarland University, Building 73, D-66421 Homburg, Germany
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Reich M, Hannig C, Hannig M, Kümmerer K, Kensche A. The Lipid Composition of the in situ pellicle. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Helbig R, Hannig M, Basche S, Ortgies J, Killge S, Hannig C, Sterzenbach T. Bioadhesion on Textured Interfaces in the Human Oral Cavity-An In Situ Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031157. [PMID: 35163081 PMCID: PMC8835155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive biofilm formation on materials used in restorative dentistry is a common reason for their failure and the development of oral diseases like peri-implantitis or secondary caries. Therefore, novel materials and strategies that result in reduced biofouling capacities are urgently sought. Previous research suggests that surface structures in the range of bacterial cell sizes seem to be a promising approach to modulate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Here we investigated bioadhesion within the oral cavity on a low surface energy material (perfluorpolyether) with different texture types (line-, hole-, pillar-like), feature sizes in a range from 0.7–4.5 µm and graded distances (0.7–130.5 µm). As a model system, the materials were fixed on splints and exposed to the oral cavity. We analyzed the enzymatic activity of amylase and lysozyme, pellicle formation, and bacterial colonization after 8 h intraoral exposure. In opposite to in vitro experiments, these in situ experiments revealed no clear signs of altered bacterial surface colonization regarding structure dimensions and texture types compared to unstructured substrates or natural enamel. In part, there seemed to be a decreasing trend of adherent cells with increasing periodicities and structure sizes, but this pattern was weak and irregular. Pellicle formation took place on all substrates in an unaltered manner. However, pellicle formation was most pronounced within recessed areas thereby partially masking the three-dimensional character of the surfaces. As the natural pellicle layer is obviously the most dominant prerequisite for bacterial adhesion, colonization in the oral environment cannot be easily controlled by structural means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Helbig
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Sabine Basche
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Janis Ortgies
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (M.H.); (J.O.)
| | - Sebastian Killge
- Institute of Semiconductor and Microsystems, Chair of Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01609 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Torsten Sterzenbach
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Density, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (S.B.); (C.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-2250
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Nekrashevych Y, Schestakow A, Hoth-Hannig W, Hannig M. Influence of periodic milk or cream treatment on the anti-erosive potential of the acquired enamel pellicle. J Dent 2021; 115:103858. [PMID: 34710546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to assess the anti-erosive potential of the acquired enamel pellicle formed in situ under the influence of periodic milk or cream treatment. METHODS The pellicle was formed on bovine enamel specimens in the oral cavity at buccal and palatal sites of upper molars in 6 subjects, using removable acrylic splints. During 6-h of intraoral exposure, splints were removed from the oral cavity every 25 min, treated with milk or cream for 5 min, and subsequently re-inserted into the oral cavity. After 6 h, pellicle covered specimens were immersed in citric acid (0.1 or 1.0 %) for 1 min, and processed for measurement of surface microhardness, determination of calcium release by atomic absorption spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS. RESULTS Statistical analysis did not indicate major differences between erosive surface alterations on enamel specimens covered by pellicles treated with cream or milk, and those covered by control pellicles. In addition, TEM analysis did not reveal any differences concerning the ultrastructure of the different pellicle treatments during acid exposure. All pellicles were dissolved in part after exposure to 0.1 % citric acid and were nearly completely removed after treatment with 1.0% citric acid. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that periodic treatment with milk or cream during pellicle formation in situ does not improve the protective potential of the acquired enamel pellicle against erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Modification of the pellicle by consumption of milk or cream prior to an acidic challenge cannot sufficiently protect enamel from erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Nekrashevych
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Anton Schestakow
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Hoth-Hannig
- Technical Staff, Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Fischer NG, Aparicio C. The salivary pellicle on dental biomaterials. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111570. [PMID: 33460965 PMCID: PMC8005451 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The salivary pellicle, an adlayer formed by adsorption of salivary components on teeth and dental biomaterials, has direct consequences on basic outcomes of dentistry. Here, we provide an overview of salivary pellicle formation processes with a critical focus on dental biomaterials. We describe and critique the array of salivary pellicle measurement techniques. We also discuss factors that may affect salivary pellicle formation and the heterogeneity of the published literature describing salivary pellicle formation on dental biomaterials. Finally, we survey the many effects salivary pellicles have on dental biomaterials and highlight its implications on design criteria for dental biomaterials. Future investigations may lead to rationally designed dental biomaterials to control the salivary pellicle and enhance material function and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Fischer
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- MDRCBB, Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.
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Modification of the Lipid Profile of the Initial Oral Biofilm In Situ Using Linseed Oil as Mouthwash. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030989. [PMID: 33808527 PMCID: PMC8003129 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are of interest for the targeted modification of oral bioadhesion processes. Therefore, the sustainable effects of linseed oil on the composition and ultrastructure of the in situ pellicle were investigated. Unlike saliva, linseed oil contains linolenic acid (18:3), which served as a marker for lipid accumulation. Individual splints with bovine enamel slabs were worn by five subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses were performed with linseed oil for 10 min, and the slabs' oral exposure was continued for up to 2 or 8 h. Gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS) was used to characterize the fatty acid composition of the pellicle samples. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to analyze the ultrastructure. Extensive accumulation of linolenic acid was recorded in the samples of all subjects 2 h after the rinse and considerable amounts persisted after 8 h. The ultrastructure of the 2 h pellicle was less electron-dense and contained lipid vesicles when compared with controls. After 8 h, no apparent ultrastructural effects were visible. Linolenic acid is an excellent marker for the investigation of fatty acid accumulation in the pellicle. New preventive strategies could benefit from the accumulation of lipid components in the pellicle.
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Panahipour L, Husejnovic S, Nasirzade J, Semelmayer S, Gruber R. Micellar Casein and Whey Powder Hold a TGF-β Activity and Regulate ID Genes In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020507. [PMID: 33477984 PMCID: PMC7835755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein and whey being food supplements have been considered to be used in oral health care products. However, the response of oral cells to micellar casein and whey powder remains unclear. Considering that milk contains the growth factor TGF-β, and lactoperoxidase was recently reported to decrease the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins, there is a rationale to assume that casein and whey can also provoke these responses in oral cells. To examine the TGF-β activity, gingival fibroblasts were exposed to reconstituted casein and whey powder from food supplement before the expression of TGF-β target genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunoassays were performed for interleukin11 (IL11) in the cell culture supernatant and for TGF-β in the reconstituted casein and whey. We blocked TGF-β by neutralizing the antibody and the TGF-β receptor type I kinase with the inhibitor SB431542. We also showed smad3 phosphorylation and smad2/3 nuclear translocation by Western blot and immunostaining, respectively. Moreover, with reconstituted casein and whey powder, ID1 and ID3 expression analysis was evaluated in HSC2 human oral squamous carcinoma cells. We report here that casein and whey powder caused a robust increase of TGF-β target genes interleukin11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and proteoglycan4 (PRG4) in gingival fibroblasts that was blocked by SB431542 and the neutralizing antibody. Moreover, casein and whey powder increased the phosphorylation of smad3 and nuclear translocation of smad2/3. No changes of proliferation markers Ki67 and cyclinD1 were observed. Furthermore, reconstituted casein and whey powder decreased ID1 and ID3 expression in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest that the processing of milk into casein and whey powder maintains the TGF-β activity and its capacity to regulate ID1 and ID3 genes in oral fibroblasts and oral squamous carcinoma cells, respectively. These data increase the scientific knowledge on the biological activity of casein and whey with a special emphasis on oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.H.); (J.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Selma Husejnovic
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.H.); (J.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Jila Nasirzade
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.H.); (J.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephan Semelmayer
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.H.); (J.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (S.H.); (J.N.); (S.S.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Kensche A, Pötschke S, Hannig C, Dürasch A, Henle T, Hannig M. Efficacy of mouthrinses with bovine milk and milk protein isolates to accumulate casein in the in situ pellicle. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3871-3880. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kirsch J, Jung A, Hille K, König B, Hannig C, Kölling-Speer I, Speer K, Hannig M. Effect of fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial bacterial colonization in situ. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104853. [PMID: 32801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The presentin situ study aims to examine the influence of the polyphenolic tea drugs fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil on the initial oral bioadhesion. DESIGN Initial biofilm formation was performed on bovine enamel slabs which were carried intraorally by 12 subjects. After 1 min of intraoral pellicle formation, the subjects rinsed with fragaria vesca, tormentil (0.8 mg/8 mL) and hamamelis (0.2 mg/8 mL) for 10 min. Tap water served as negative control, 0.2 % CHX as positive control. The investigations took place on different days (wash-out: 2 days). Afterwards, fluorescence microscopy has been performed per test solution (n = 5) and per subject (n = 12) to visualize bacterial adhesion and glucan formation (8 h oral exposition) with DAPI, ConA and BacLight. Additionally, TEM was used to visualize the pellicle ultrastructure and expectorate samples. Statistical evaluation was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis- (p < 0.5), Mann-Whitney U test (p < 0.5) and Bonferroni-Holm-correction (p < 0.1). RESULTS Rinsing with the polyphenolic tea extracts reduced significantly initial bacterial colonization (DAPI) compared to the negative control. There was no significant difference betweenfragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil. All solutions showed a reducing effect on the glucan formation. No significant difference was observed between fragaria vesca and CHX. Considerable alterations of the pellicle's ultrastructure manifested by an increase in thickness and electron density resulted from rinsing with the three polyphenolic aqueous extracts. CONCLUSIONS Fragaria vesca, hamamelis and tormentil significantly reduce initial bioadhesion and glucan formation in situ and are therefore recommended as adjuvant antibacterial oral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Kirsch
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Amira Jung
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Hille
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Belinda König
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabelle Kölling-Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Speer
- Special Food Chemistry and Food Production, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 66, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Building 73, D- 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
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