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Khramova DS, Popov SV. A secret of salivary secretions: Multimodal effect of saliva in sensory perception of food. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 130:e12846. [PMID: 34935208 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Saliva plays multifunctional roles in oral cavity. Even though its importance for the maintenance of oral health has long been established, the role of saliva in food perception has attracted increasing attention in recent years. We encourage researchers to discover the peculiarity of this biological fluid and aim to combine the data concerning all aspects of the saliva influence on the sensory perception of food. This review presents saliva as a unique material, which modulates food perception due to constant presence of saliva in the mouth and thanks to its composition. Therefore, we highlight the salivary components that contribute to these effects. Moreover, this review is an attempt to structure the effects of saliva on perception of different food categories, where the mechanisms of salivary impact in perception of liquid, semi-solid, and solid foods are revealed. Finally, we emphasize that the large inter-individual variability in salivary composition and secretion appear to contribute to the fact that everyone experiences food in their own way. Therefore, the design of the sensory studies should consider the properties of volunteers' saliva and also carefully monitor the experimental conditions that affect salivary composition and flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria S Khramova
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Biotechnology, Institute of Physiology of Коmi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FRC Komi SC UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
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Stribițcaia E, Gibbons C, Sier J, Boesch C, Blundell J, Finlayson G, Sarkar A. Effects of oral lubrication on satiety, satiation and salivary biomarkers in model foods: A pilot study. Appetite 2021; 165:105427. [PMID: 34051275 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With a dramatic increase in overweight and population with obesity over the last decades, there is an imminent need to tackle this issue using novel strategies. Addressing obesity issues by generating satiety in food to reduce energy intake has been one of those prominent strategies and often textural interventions have been used to generate satiety, specifically in short-term trials. This study aimed to investigate the role of preloads varying in their oral lubricating properties on appetite sensations, food intake, salivary friction and concentration of salivary biomarkers (proteins, α-amylase and mucins) in collected human saliva (n = 17 healthy participants). The preloads were model foods (flavoured hydrogels) either high or low in their lubricating properties, assessed both by instrumental and sensorial measurements. The results showed that hunger and desire to eat decreased immediately after preload and remained decreased for 10 and 20 min, respectively, after preload in the high lubricating condition compared to control (all p < 0.05). Fullness increased immediately after preload and remained increased for 10 and 20 min, respectively, after preload in high lubricating condition compared to control (p < 0.05). However, after controlling the values for baseline, such significant effect of the intervention did not exist anymore. Only the effect of time is observed. Consuming high lubricating hydrogels showed no effect on food intake and salivary biomarkers in this pilot study. Salivary lubrication correlated with feeling of fullness. Considering the issue of large time-interval (30 min) between preload and next meal in this study, it is worthwhile investigating the immediate effects of oral lubrication on appetite control, food intake and salivary biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecaterina Stribițcaia
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Sier
- Nutritional Sciences & Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Boesch
- Nutritional Sciences & Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - John Blundell
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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