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Moosazadeh M, Shafaroudi AM, Gorji NE, Barzegari S, Nasiri P. Prevalence of oral lesions in patients with AIDS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 2021:10.1038/s41432-021-0209-8. [PMID: 34795396 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Oral lesions are considered to be early clinical signs which may predict the progression of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Due to the lack of a comprehensive study that includes oral lesions in people with AIDS, the global prevalence of oral lesions in people with AIDS was estimated by combining preliminary studies' results using meta-analysis.Material and methods Databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were searched using keywords as 'HIV', 'AIDS', 'oral candidiasis', 'Kaposi Sarcoma', 'LinearGingival Erythema' and OR operators, AND and NOT. After the elimination of duplicate documents, articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After combining the results of preliminary studies, an overall estimate of each lesion was reported. Ninety-five studies met the criteria for inclusion in this meta-analysis.Results The global prevalence of 21 oral lesions in HIV-infected patients was estimated. The overall prevalence of oral candidiasis, pseudomembranous candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi sarcoma and erythematous candidiasis was as follows: 35% (95% CI: 28-42), 19% (95% CI: 15-22), 12% (95% CI: 11-14), 5% (95% CI: 4-6) and 18% (95% CI: 14-22).Conclusion The present meta-analysis showed that oral lesions have a high prevalence in patients with AIDS. Dentists should consider that the clinical appearance of the oral cavity reflects the overall systemic health of the patient. As such, oral lesions may be linked to underlying immunosuppression caused by AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Moosazadeh
- PhD in Epidemiology, Associate Professor, Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Non-Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nadia Elyassi Gorji
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Barzegari
- PhD in Health Information Management, Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pegah Nasiri
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Vale DAD, Martins FME, Silva PHBD, Ortega KL. Retrospective analysis of the clinical behavior of oral hairy leukoplakia in 215 HIV-seropositive patients. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e118. [PMID: 27901200 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral manifestations are common findings in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and frequently influence the overall health. Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is strongly associated with HIV infection demonstrating its relationship with the individual's immune status and progression of immunosuppression. This study aims to retrospectively evaluate OHL in HIV patients, analyzing its incidence, demographic aspects and possible changes in clinical and epidemiological profile of the disease over 17 years. The records of 1600 HIV-infected patients were reviewed. The data were correlated and analyzed, considering HIV exposure category, age, gender, harmful habits, CD4 level, use and type of antiretroviral. OHL was observed in 215 (13.4%) patients. Most were men in the fourth decade of life, 171 (79.5%) and 112 (52,1%) respectively, but an increase in the incidence of OHL among female patients and those in the fifth decade of life was observed. Tobacco smoking was the most frequent harmful habit reported by 114 (68%) patients. OHL occurred mostly in patients with CD4 counts between 200 and 500 cells/mm3 35 (55.5%). The lower incidence of OHL was found among patients using at least one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). OHL is related to CD4 count, use of ARVT and tobacco smoking and is also more prevalent in men in the fourth decade of life. These characteristics were recognized in absolute values, but when verifying the behavior over the years we noticed that the incidence of OHL is decreasing and its epidemiological characteristics changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Assis do Vale
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Special Care Dentistry Center, Department of Oral Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins E Martins
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Special Care Dentistry Center, Department of Oral Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karem López Ortega
- Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Special Care Dentistry Center, Department of Oral Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Silva DCD, Lourenço AG, Ribeiro AERA, Machado AA, Komesu MC, Motta ACF. Oral health management of 97 patients living with HIV/AIDS in Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Braz Oral Res 2015; 29:1-6. [PMID: 26313345 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2015.vol29.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the changes antiretroviral therapy (ART) has brought to the treatment of HIV infection, the current clinical and laboratory profiles of HIV/AIDS individuals referred to oral health centers are crucially important in instructing dentists about the oral health management of these patients. The aim of the present study was to determine the clinical and laboratory profiles of HIV-infected individuals referred to a clinic for patients with special needs between 2005 and 2012 by retrospectively analyzing their dental records. A total of 97 records of HIV patients referred to the School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the associations between mean CD4+ counts, mean viral load, and the presence of HIV-related oral lesions (HIV-OL). Most of the patients were male, and their mean age was 38.3 years. Eighty-nine (92%) patients were on regular ART, 77 (79.4%) had a CD4+ count higher than 200 cells/mm3, and 63 (64.9%) had an undetectable viral load. Twenty patients (20.6%) presented with some HIV-OL, including pseudomembranous and/or erythematous candidiasis and angular cheilitis, which were correlated with a low CD4+ count and with an undetectable viral load (p < 0.05). Among the branches of dentistry, periodontics, followed by surgery and restorative dentistry, was the most sought-after specialty, and no intercurrent events were observed during the dental treatment. It may be concluded that there are no restrictions on the dental treatment of patients on regular ART, It is important, though, that the treatment be based on local characteristics and on the prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Cristina da Silva
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Alan Grupioni Lourenço
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Ana Elisa Rodrigues Alves Ribeiro
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Alcyone Artioli Machado
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Marilena Chinali Komesu
- Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Ana Carolina Fragoso Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Oral Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
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Evans D, Maskew M, Sanne I. Increased risk of mortality and loss to follow-up among HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and malnutrition before antiretroviral therapy initiation: a retrospective analysis from a large urban cohort in Johannesburg, South Africa. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 113:362-72. [PMID: 22669142 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OC) and body mass index (BMI) before antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation on treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. STUDY DESIGN Treatment outcomes included failure to increase CD4 count by ≥50 or ≥100 cells/μL or failure to suppress viral load (<400 copies/mL) at 6 or 12 months in addition to loss to follow-up (LTFU) and mortality by 12 months. Risk and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated with the use of log-binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. RESULTS Baseline CD4 <100 cells/μL, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m(2)), low hemoglobin, and elevated aspartate transaminase were associated with OC at ART initiation. Patients with low BMI with and without, respectively, OC were at risk of mortality (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.88-3.12; HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.54-2.28) and LTFU (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.02-1.82; HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85). CONCLUSIONS Low BMI (with/without OC) at ART initiation was associated with poor treatment outcomes. Conversely, normal BMI with OC was associated with adequate CD4 response and reduced LTFU compared with without OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Evans
- Clinical HIV Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Carrilho Neto A, De Paula Ramos S, Sant'ana ACP, Passanezi E. Oral health status among hospitalized patients. Int J Dent Hyg 2011; 9:21-9. [PMID: 21226847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate into oral health status and its association with health status in hospitalized patients. METHODS A total of 82 patients were examined and 49 (59.7%) patients were men. The patients answered a survey and oral examinations to detect the number of teeth, oral hygiene index, prostheses hygiene, oral lesions, caries, dental plaque index (DPI), gingival inflammation index (GI), gingival bleeding index, periodontitis and periodontal index. RESULTS Oral hygiene was associated with age, but it was not related to physical disability. Difficulty eating was mainly associated with age and tooth loss. All full and partially dentate patients presented dental plaque, 38 (69%) poor oral hygiene, 58 (98.1%) gingival inflammation, 41 (74.5%) periodontal disease and 33 (60%) caries. Oral lesions were detected in 30 (36.5%) and candidiasis (n = 16, 19.6%) was the most frequent mucous lesion. Caries were associated with smoking and poor oral hygiene. Hospital length of stay and age were associated with increased DPI and GI. CONCLUSIONS The majority of hospitalized patients did not present satisfactory oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal diseases are associated with health behaviours. Increased time length at hospital could increase gingival inflammation and dental plaque accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carrilho Neto
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pediatric Dentistry, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Noce CW, Ferreira SMS, Silva Júnior A, Dias EP. Association between socioeconomic status and HIV-associated oral lesions in Rio de Janeiro from 1997 to 2004. Braz Oral Res 2009; 23:149-54. [DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242009000200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Ramírez-Amador V, Martínez-Mata G, González-Ramírez I, Anaya-Saavedra G, De Almeida OP. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings in oral Kaposi's sarcoma in a series of Mexican AIDS patients. Comparative study. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38:328-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00740.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Carpio E, López V, Fardales V, Benítez I. Oral manifestations of HIV infection in adult patients from the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 38:126-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith JA. HIV and AIDS in the Adolescent and Adult: An Update for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2008; 20:535-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hegarty AM, Chaudhry SI, Hodgson TA. Oral healthcare for HIV-infected patients: an international perspective. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2008; 9:387-404. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.9.3.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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