1
|
Kasireddy N, Orie JC, Khismatullin DB. Drop-of-sample rheometry of biological fluids by noncontact acoustic tweezing spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3067-3079. [PMID: 35851909 PMCID: PMC10661770 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00356b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of rheological properties, such as viscosity and elasticity, is necessary for efficient material processing and transportation as well as biological analysis. Existing rheometers operate with large sample volume and induce sample contact with container or device walls, which are inadequate for rheological analysis of sensitive fluids limited in availability. In this work, we introduce acoustic tweezing spectroscopy (ATS), a novel noncontact rheological technique that operates with a single 4-6 μl drop of fluid sample. In ATS, a sample drop is acoustically levitated and then exposed to a modulated acoustic signal to induce its forced oscillation. The time-dependent sample viscosity and elasticity are measured from the resulting drop response. The ATS measurements of polymeric solutions (dextran, xanthan gum, gelatin) agree well with previously reported data. The ATS predicts that the shear viscosity of blood plasma increases from 1.5 cP at 1.5 min of coagulation onset to 3.35 cP at 9 min, while its shear elastic modulus grows from a negligible value to 10.7 Pa between 3.5 min and 6.5 min. Coagulation increases whole blood viscosity from 5.4 cP to 20.7 cP and elasticity from 0.1 Pa to 19.2 Pa at 15 min. In summary, ATS provides the opportunity for sensitive small-volume rheological analysis in biomedical research and medical, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Kasireddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Jeremy C Orie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| | - Damir B Khismatullin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu CC, Lee HC, Peng YS, Tseng AH, Wu JL, Tsai WY, Wong CS, Su LJ. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression. Cartilage 2021; 13:1249S-1262S. [PMID: 31104480 PMCID: PMC8804845 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519847744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current therapeutic strategy for posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) focuses on early intervention to attenuate disease progression, preserve joint function, and defer joint replacement timing. Sequential transcriptomic changes of articular cartilage in a rat model were investigated to explore the molecular mechanism in early PTOA progression. DESIGN Anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscectomy (ACLT + MMx)-induced PTOA model was applied on male Wistar rats. Articular cartilages were harvested at time 0 (naïve), 2 week, and 4 weeks after surgery. Affymetrix Rat genome 230 2.0 array was utilized to analyze the gene expression changes of articular cartilages. RESULTS We identified 849 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 2 weeks and 223 DEGs at 4 weeks post-ACLT + MMx surgery compared with time 0 (naïve group). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed to gain further insights from these DEGs. 22 novel genes and 1 novel KEGG pathway (axon guidance) in cartilage degeneration of osteoarthritis were identified. Axon guidance molecules-Gnai1, Sema4d, Plxnb1, and Srgap2 commonly dysregulated in PTOA progression. Gnai1 gene showed a concordant change in protein expression by immunohistochemistry staining. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified 22 novel dysregulated genes and axon guidance pathway associated with articular cartilage degeneration in PTOA progression. These findings provide the potential candidates of biomarkers and therapeutic targets for further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chung Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hoong-Chien Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shian Peng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Jia-Lin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yuan Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwna
| | - Chih-Shung Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwna,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defence Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Chih-Shung Wong, Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, No. 280, Renai Road, Sec. 4, Daan District, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jen Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boffa A, Merli G, Andriolo L, Lattermann C, Salzmann GM, Filardo G. Synovial Fluid Biomarkers in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Quantitative Evaluation Using BIPEDs Criteria. Cartilage 2021; 13:82S-103S. [PMID: 32713185 PMCID: PMC8808867 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520942941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the evidence about the efficacy of the several synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers proposed for knee osteoarthritis (OA), categorizing them by both molecular characteristics and clinical use according to the BIPEDs criteria, to provide a comprehensive and structured overview of the current literature. DESIGN A systematic review was performed in May 2020 on PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases about SF biomarkers in patients with knee OA. The search was limited to articles in the last 20 years on human studies, involving patients with knee OA, reporting SF biomarkers. The evidence for each selected SF biomarker was quantified according to the 6 categories of BIPEDs classification. RESULTS A total of 159 articles were included in the qualitative data synthesis and 201 different SF biomarkers were identified. Among these, several were investigated multiple times in different articles, for a total of 373 analyses. The studies included 13,557 patients with knee OA. The most promising SF biomarkers were C4S, IL-6, IL-8, Leptin, MMP-1/3, TIMP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF. The "burden of disease" and "diagnostic" categories were the most represented with 132 and 106 different biomarkers, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The systematic review identified numerous SF biomarkers. However, despite the high number of studies on the plethora of identified molecules, the evidence about the efficacy of each biomarker is supported by limited and often conflicting findings. Further research efforts are needed to improve the understanding of SF biomarkers for a better management of patients with knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Boffa
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2,
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Merli
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR)
Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Andriolo
- Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica 2,
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Lattermann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,
Center for Cartilage Repair and Sports Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Gian M. Salzmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hip
and Knee Department, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research (ATR)
Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gallardo-Vara E, Gamella-Pozuelo L, Perez-Roque L, Bartha JL, Garcia-Palmero I, Casal JI, López-Novoa JM, Pericacho M, Bernabeu C. Potential Role of Circulating Endoglin in Hypertension via the Upregulated Expression of BMP4. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040988. [PMID: 32316263 PMCID: PMC7226995 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin is a membrane glycoprotein primarily expressed by the vascular endothelium and involved in cardiovascular diseases. Upon the proteolytic processing of the membrane-bound protein, a circulating form of endoglin (soluble endoglin, sEng) can be released, and high levels of sEng have been observed in several endothelial-related pathological conditions, where it appears to contribute to endothelial dysfunction. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of high prevalence in pregnant women characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and associated with increased levels of sEng. Although a pathogenic role for sEng involving hypertension has been reported in several animal models of preeclampsia, the exact molecular mechanisms implicated remain to be identified. To search for sEng-induced mediators of hypertension, we analyzed the protein secretome of human endothelial cells in the presence of sEng. We found that sEng induces the expression of BMP4 in endothelial cells, as evidenced by their proteomic signature, gene transcript levels, and BMP4 promoter activity. A mouse model of preeclampsia with high sEng plasma levels (sEng+) showed increased transcript levels of BMP4 in lungs, stomach, and duodenum, and increased circulating levels of BMP4, compared to those of control animals. In addition, after crossing female wild type with male sEng+ mice, hypertension appeared 18 days after mating, coinciding with the appearance of high plasma levels of BMP4. Also, serum levels of sEng and BMP4 were positively correlated in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Interestingly, sEng-induced arterial pressure elevation in sEng+ mice was abolished in the presence of the BMP4 inhibitor noggin, suggesting that BMP4 is a downstream mediator of sEng. These results provide a better understanding on the role of sEng in the physiopathology of preeclampsia and other cardiovascular diseases, where sEng levels are increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eunate Gallardo-Vara
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (L.G.-P.); (I.G.-P.); (J.I.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Luis Gamella-Pozuelo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (L.G.-P.); (I.G.-P.); (J.I.C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) and Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (J.M.L.-N.)
| | - Lucía Perez-Roque
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) and Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (J.M.L.-N.)
| | - José L. Bartha
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Garcia-Palmero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (L.G.-P.); (I.G.-P.); (J.I.C.)
| | - J. Ignacio Casal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (L.G.-P.); (I.G.-P.); (J.I.C.)
| | - José M. López-Novoa
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) and Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (J.M.L.-N.)
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL) and Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (L.P.-R.); (J.M.L.-N.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-V.); (L.G.-P.); (I.G.-P.); (J.I.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
MMP-12, Secreted by Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages, Targets Endoglin in Human Macrophages and Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123107. [PMID: 31242676 PMCID: PMC6627183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon inflammation, monocyte-derived macrophages (MΦ) infiltrate blood vessels to regulate several processes involved in vascular pathophysiology. However, little is known about the mediators involved. Macrophage polarization is crucial for a fast and efficient initial response (GM-MΦ) and a good resolution (M-MΦ) of the inflammatory process. The functional activity of polarized MΦ is exerted mainly through their secretome, which can target other cell types, including endothelial cells. Endoglin (CD105) is a cell surface receptor expressed by endothelial cells and MΦ that is markedly upregulated in inflammation and critically involved in angiogenesis. In addition, a soluble form of endoglin with anti-angiogenic activity has been described in inflammation-associated pathologies. The aim of this work was to identify components of the MΦ secretome involved in the shedding of soluble endoglin. We find that the GM-MΦ secretome contains metalloprotease 12 (MMP-12), a GM-MΦ specific marker that may account for the anti-angiogenic activity of the GM-MΦ secretome. Cell surface endoglin is present in both GM-MΦ and M-MΦ, but soluble endoglin is only detected in GM-MΦ culture supernatants. Moreover, MMP-12 is responsible for the shedding of soluble endoglin in vitro and in vivo by targeting membrane-bound endoglin in both MΦ and endothelial cells. These data demonstrate a direct correlation between GM-MΦ polarization, MMP-12, and soluble endoglin expression and function. By targeting endothelial cells, MMP-12 may represent a novel mediator involved in vascular homeostasis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis in the elderly. Problems arising from the condition are not only health, physical, and psychological, but also economical and social. OA is a complex disease causes by environmental factors (obesity, female gender, advancing age) and genetics. A strong genetic contribution to primary OA has been observed in several studies. Asian population is undoubtedly genetically different from European, whom most studies have been performed. This review systematically compares results of molecules involved with OA from studies performed on Asian and Caucasian populations. The clear differences between Asian and Caucasian populations may be from the sex- and ethnic-specific nature of the disease, as well as from the inclusion criteria of the studies. Global collaboration is highly significant in understanding genetic underlying OA. Knowledge gained from genetic study is important to the development of prevention and therapeutic intervention, and to identify individuals at risk of developing severe or progressive OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachaneekorn Tammachote
- PhD, Human Genetics Research, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Schmal H, Henkelmann R, Mehlhorn AT, Reising K, Bode G, Südkamp NP, Niemeyer P. Synovial cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis depends on age and stage. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2015; 23:1359-1367. [PMID: 24141892 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-013-2719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aim of the study was the analysis of cytokine expression in ankle osteoarthritis (OA) hypothesizing age-dependent regulation patterns. METHODS Forty-nine patients undergoing an arthroscopy of the ankle with different stages of chronic OA were prospectively included in a clinical trial comparing the group <18 years (n = 9, Ø15.1 ± 2.0 years) with the older patients (≥18 years, n = 40, Ø36.5 ± 11.9). Lavage fluids were analysed by ELISA for levels of aggrecan, BMP-2/7, IGF-1/R, bFGF, CD105, MMP-13, and IL-1β. Additionally, clinical parameters and scores (FFI, CFSS, AOFAS) were evaluated and supplemented by radiographic scores [Kellgren-Lawrence Score (KLS) for conventional X-rays, Ankle Osteoarthritis Scoring System (AOSS) for MRI]. RESULTS In contrast to distribution of gender and BMI (p < 0.005), parameters characterizing the cartilage defect as ICRS grading, size, and duration of symptoms were not dependent on age. The incidence of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) was higher in the group <18 years (p < 0.006), but the average degree of OCD grading was not different. KLS and AOSS were significantly higher in the group ≥18 years (p < 0.02). Correlating with the higher degree of OA in the elderly, clinical function measured by FFI and AOFAS was statistically significantly worse (p < 0.05). Intra-articular concentrations of aggrecan (3.1-fold), bFGF (8.7-fold), BMP-7 (2.7-fold), and CD105 (1.5-fold) were statistically significantly higher in the group ≥18 years (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Confirming the hypothesis, increased synovial levels of aggrecan, bFGF, BMP-7, and CD105 were found in patients over 18 years. This correlated with a higher stage of OA determined by radiographic changes or deteriorated function and may offer starting points for new diagnostics and interventional strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Schmal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany.
| | - Ralf Henkelmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Alexander T Mehlhorn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Kilian Reising
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Gerrit Bode
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Norbert P Südkamp
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Philipp Niemeyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rousseau JC, Garnero P. Biological markers in osteoarthritis. Bone 2012; 51:265-77. [PMID: 22538364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered as a chronic disease with a long "silent" period. The diagnosis is generally based on clinical symptoms and radiographic changes. However X-ray has a poor sensitivity and a relatively large precision error that does not allow an early detection of OA or the monitoring of joint damage progression. The limitations of the tools that are currently available for OA assessment have been the impetus to identify specific biological markers that reflect quantitative and dynamic variations in joint remodeling. Research has focused on the structural components of cartilage matrix, especially type II collagen degradation markers. In spite of a significant increase of some markers in individuals with early stage of OA, the large overlap with control subjects indicates that the current biomarkers used alone have limited diagnostic potential. However, the combination of specific markers seems to improve the prediction of disease progression at the individual level. Several types of treatment have been investigated but the lack of medications with definitively demonstrated chondroprotective activity has limited the assessment of the potential role of biomarkers for monitoring patients' responses to the treatment of OA. In this review, we will use the BIPED classification that appeared in 2006 for OA markers to describe the potential usage of a given marker [5]. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Osteoarthritis".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ch Rousseau
- INSERM Unit 1033; Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatments of bone diseases, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011; 23:497-503. [PMID: 21844756 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32834a96c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
11
|
Honsawek S, Chayanupatkul M. Correlation of plasma and synovial fluid adiponectin with knee osteoarthritis severity. Arch Med Res 2011; 41:593-8. [PMID: 21199727 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder of the synovial joint characterized by loss of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, and alterations of subchondral bone. The purposes of this study were to measure adiponectin concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid of patients with knee OA and to analyze the correlation of adiponectin levels with disease severity. METHODS Seventy six OA patients (mean age 69.8 ± 1.1 years) and 24 healthy controls (mean age 71.2 ± 1.5 years) were enrolled in this study. OA grading was performed using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) criteria by evaluating x-ray changes observed in anteroposterior knee radiography. Adiponectin levels in plasma and synovial fluid were determined by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma levels of adiponectin were higher in OA patients compared to healthy individuals, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (2428.0 ± 245.1 vs. 2030.3 ± 399.4 ng/mL, p = 0.4). Adiponectin levels in plasma were remarkably higher with regard to paired synovial fluid (2428.0 ± 245.1 vs. 301.3 ± 44.9 ng/mL, p <0.001). Additionally, adiponectin concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid showed significant inverse correlation with disease severity evaluated by KL grading criteria (r = -0.68, p <0.001 and r = -0.47, p <0.001, respectively). Further analysis showed that plasma adiponectin levels positively correlated with synovial fluid adiponectin levels (r = 0.71, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin levels in both plasma and synovial fluid decreased significantly as the severity of OA increased. These findings suggested that adiponectin may play a protective role in OA. More studies are warranted to gain insight into the potential utility of adiponectin as a biochemical determinant of disease progression and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sittisak Honsawek
- Department of Biochemistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | |
Collapse
|