MTHFR C677T polymorphism and its relationship to myocardial infarction in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

MTHFR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to myocardial infarction: Evidence from meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Background

This meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the association between Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms, specifically C677T and A1298C, and the susceptibility to myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus until April 2023 to identify studies investigating the relationship between MTHFR gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and the risk of MI.

Results

The analysis included 66 studies involving 16,860 cases and 20,403 controls for the C677T polymorphism and 18 studies comprising 3162 cases and 3632 controls for the A1298C polymorphism. Significant associations were observed between the C677T polymorphism and MI risk in various genetic models: dominant (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI = 1.06-1.28, P = 0.008), recessive (OR = 1.20, 95 % CI = 1.12-1.28, P < 0.001), allelic (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI = 1.06-1.21, P < 0.001), TT vs. CC (OR = 1.19, 95 % CI = 1.05-1.36, P < 0.001), and CT vs. CC (OR = 1.11, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.21, P = 0.01). Furthermore, an overall analysis indicated a marginally significant association between the A1298C polymorphism and MI risk in the recessive model (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.06-1.51, P = 0.008), allelic model (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.39, P = 0.03), and CC vs. AA model (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.01-1.47, P = 0.04). Meta-regression analysis revealed that none of the potential factors contributed to the observed heterogeneity.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis revealed an association between MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and the risk of MI.

Biochemical Association of MTHFR C677T Polymorphism with Myocardial Infarction in the Presence of Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that occurs due to the blockage of the coronary artery. Subsequently, cardiac muscles receive a lower oxygen supply, which leads to the death of cardiac muscles. The etiology of MI is linked to various environmental, occupational, and genetic factors. Various studies have been conducted on the polymorphism of genes involved in MI. Previous studies have shown that different variants of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene are involved in causing MI by altering the metabolism of folate and homocysteine. However, the genetic polymorphism of MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) and its association with MI in the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor still needs to be investigated. This study recruited 300 participants who were divided into three groups, i.e., the control, MI, and MI-DM. The blood samples collected from the study participants were subjected to various biochemical tests and their clinical parameters were monitored. MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) genotyping was performed by Tetra ARMS PCR using predetermined primers. The MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) polymorphism was associated with MI in the presence of DM as a risk factor among the participants. The MTHFR C677T (rs1801133) T/T homozygous genotype was found to be significant among MI patients in the presence of DM as a risk factor.

Interaction of MC4R rs17782313 variants and dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality on basal metabolic rate and general and central obesity in overweight/obese women: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Recent studies have shown that dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality as well as genetic variants may contribute to determining the metabolic rate and general and central obesity. This study aimed to examine interactions between melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) rs17782313 and dietary carbohydrate intake, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load (GL) on body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.

METHODS

A total of 282 Iranian women (BMI ≥ 25) aged 18-56 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants were assessed for blood parameters, body composition, BMR, and dietary intake. Dietary carbohydrate intake, GI, and GL were determined using a valid, reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire. MC4R rs17782313 was genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

RESULTS

After adjustment for age and energy intake, significant interactions were observed between carbohydrate intake and MC4R rs17782313 in terms of BMI (P Interaction = 0.007), WC (P Interaction = 0.02), and BMR/kg (P Interaction = 0.003) in this way that higher carbohydrate intake, compared with lower intake, was associated with an increase in BMI and WC for individuals with C allele carriers (TC + CC genotypes), while related to an increase in BMR/kg for those carrying the TT genotype. No significant interaction was found between MC4R rs17782313 and GI and GL on BMI, WC, BMR/kg, and BMR.

CONCLUSIONS

Interactions between the MC4R rs17782313 and carbohydrate intake probably can have an effect on BMI, WC, and BMR/kg in overweight/obese women.

Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation on Body Composition and Circulating Levels of Follistatin-Like 1 in Males With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial

Adipokines are mediators of body composition and are involved in obesity-related complications such as cardiovascular disease. Omega-3 supplementation has not been studied in the setting of body composition and follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA) supplementation on body composition indices and serum levels of FSTL1 in CAD patients. A total of 42 male (aged 45-65 years) subjects with angiographically confirmed CAD were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial study. The subjects were randomly divided into omega-3 and placebo groups. During the 8-week intervention, the omega-3 group received 1,200 mg of omega-3 daily, while the placebo group received paraffin. Before and after the study, anthropometric measurements and body composition components were taken; serum FSTL1 levels were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In the omega-3 group, a significant 27.6% increase in serum FSTL1 was seen after 8 weeks of intervention ( p = .001), but no significant difference in posttreatment levels of FSTL1 was observed between the two groups ( p > .05). At the end of the study, a significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; 94.29 ± 22.04 vs. 112.24 ± 24.5; p = .01) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; 1.92 ± 0.79 vs. 3.19 ± 2.51; p = .03) concentration was detected between the two groups. Changes in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, body composition, and anthropometric parameters were not significant within and between the groups. Oral omega-3 might increase FSTL1 and decrease LDL-C and hs-CRP concentrations in CAD patients. However, omega-3 supplementation did not have any effect on FSTL1 levels between the groups.

Association between MTHFR variant and diabetic neuropathy

BACKGROUND

Methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene variant may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications due to its influence on plasma homocysteine levels and also its effect on scavenging peroxynitrite radicals. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common diabetic chronic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and MTHFR gene C677T and 1298A ⁄C polymorphisms.

METHOD

Patients with type 2 diabetes N=248 were enrolled in the study, consisting of patients with neuropathy (N=141) and patients without neuropathy (N=107). MTHFR C677T polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of genomic DNA for genotyping of samples. 1298A/C polymorphism was evaluated using ARMS-PCR.

RESULT

There was a significant difference in MTHFR polymorphism between the groups with and without neuropathy.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that MTHFR 677 variant confer risk for diabetic neuropathy among Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Common Variants of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been reported to be associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore whether these polymorphisms play a role in the genetic susceptibility to CAD.

METHODS

A comprehensive search of Medline and Embase databases was conducted for studies evaluating the association between the VDR polymorphisms and CAD risk. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of association in the dominant model, recessive model, allelic model, and genotypes contrast.

RESULTS

Nine studies involving a total of 5,259 cases and 1,981 controls were finally included in this meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms and the risk of CAD in any of the genetic models (all p ˃ 0.05). Moreover, a subgroup analysis by ethnicity did not reveal a significant relationship between any of the examined polymorphisms and CAD risk in Caucasians and East-Asians for any model (all p ˃ 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Current evidence suggests that the ApaI, FokI, TaqI, and BsmI polymorphisms of the VDR gene might not be associated with genetic susceptibility to CAD. Further well-designed studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm our results.

C667T and A1298C polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and susceptibility to myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis

MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to explore whether these polymorphisms play a role in the genetic susceptibility to MI. A comprehensive search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was conducted for studies evaluating the association between the C667T and A1298C polymorphisms and MI risk. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association in the dominant model, recessive model, allelic model, and genotypes contrast. A total of 47 studies were finally included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the results showed no statistically significant association between C667T and A1298C polymorphisms and MI risk. However, in subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the T allele of C677T polymorphism was associated with a 63% increased risk of MI compared with the C allele (T vs. C, OR=1. 63, 95%CI=1.15-2.10, fixed effects) in African populations, while compared to wild homozygote genotype, CT genotype was associated with a decreased risk of MI in North American populations (CT vs. CC, OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.64-0.98, fixed effects). Moreover, C677T polymorphism had a protective effect against MI risk under the dominant model (OR=0.93, 945%CI=0.87-0.99, fixed effects) in elderly (≥50) population. The A1298C polymorphism was not significantly associated with MI risk. Unlike A1298C polymorphism, C677T polymorphism was associated with risk of MI in African, North American, and elderly populations.

Association between polymorphism of MTHFR c.677C>T and risk of cardiovascular disease in Turkish population: a meta-analysis for 2.780 cases and 3.022 controls

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. A common polymorphism c.677C>T has been identified in the gene coding for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which is involved in the remethylation of homocysteine, and may predispose to CVDs. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the risk of CVDs associated with MTHFR c.677C>T in Turkish population. Published studies were retrieved from PubMed, Science Citation Index/Expanded, Google Scholar, Turkish Medline, and the Turkish Council of Higher Education Theses Database. For each study, we calculated odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), assuming frequency of allele and homozygote comparison, dominant and recessive genetic models. Thirty-one separate studies were included and 2.780 cases/3.022 controls were involved in the current meta-analysis. Significant association was found between c.677C>T polymorphism and risk of CVD when all studies pooled with random-effects model for T versus C (OR 1.33; 95 % CI 1.11-1.59; p = 0.002), TT vs. CC (OR 1.87; 95 % CI 1.35-2.60; p = 3.53E-04), TT+CT vs. CC (OR 1.32; 95 % CI 1.06-1.64; p = 0.014) and TT vs. CT+CC (OR 1.75; 95 % CI 1.29-2.37; p = 6.57E-04). Further analysis indicated the significant association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) TT genotype and groups with venous thrombosis, peripheral arterial thrombosis, acute MI/MI. No publication bias was observed in any comparison model. Our results of meta-analysis suggest that MTHFR c.677C>T polymorphism is associated with the CVDs in Turkish population.