1
|
Shen Q, Zhang H, Huang Y, Li M, Zhao H, Yang Z, Zhao H, Liu Q, Fu Z, Di Y, Liu L, Bai H, Lv F, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Sensitive detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by conjugated polymers for personalized treatment of hypertension. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq5753. [PMID: 36888697 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq5753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants among individuals have been associated with ineffective control of hypertension. Previous work has shown that hypertension has a polygenic nature, and interactions between these loci have been associated with variations in drug response. Rapid detection of multiple genetic loci with high sensitivity and specificity is needed for the effective implementation of personalized medicine for the treatment of hypertension. Here, we used a cationic conjugated polymer (CCP)-based multistep fluorescence resonance energy transfer (MS-FRET) technique to qualitatively analyze DNA genotypes associated with hypertension in the Chinese population. Assessment of 10 genetic loci using this technique successfully identified known hypertensive risk alleles in a retrospective study of whole-blood samples from 150 patients hospitalized with hypertension. We then applied our detection method in a prospective clinical trial of 100 patients with essential hypertension and found that personalized treatment of patients with hypertension based on results from the MS-FRET technique could effectively improve blood pressure control rate (94.0% versus 54.0%) and shorten the time duration to controlling blood pressure (4.06 ± 2.10 versus 5.82 ± 1.84 days) as compared with conventional treatment. These results suggest that CCP-based MS-FRET genetic variant detection may assist clinicians in rapid and accurate classification of risk in patients with hypertension and improve treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haijing Zhao
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Zihao Fu
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Libing Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Haotian Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Fengting Lv
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Cardiac Department, Sixth Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital; Cardiac Department, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases; Department of Cardiology & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Chronic Heart Failure Precision Medicine, First Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100141, P.R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussain M, Khan HN, Abbas S, Ali A, Aslam MN, Awan FR. Tetra-ARMS-PCR assay development for genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism, its comparison with PCR-RFLP and application in a case-control association study of cardiovascular disease patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36815563 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2181972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the AGT gene play a significant role in controlling the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen (precursor protein of bioactive octapeptide angiotensin II) and the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. In the current study, Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was developed for genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism and validated through Sanger DNA sequencing. Its efficiency was also tested using 474 human DNA samples [control, n = 181; cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, n = 293]. Results showed that T-ARMS-PCR is superior to the commonly used PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analysis revealed that the AGT rs699 CC genotype is more prevalent in the CVD patient group (37% vs. 28%) and AGT rs699 C allele and CC genotype increased the risk of CVD by 1.4 and 1.9 fold, respectively. In summary, T-ARMS-PCR is the most suitable approach for quick and efficient genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism in a large population in resource-limited countries, Furthermore, AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of CVD in the Punjabi Pakistani population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Hussain
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Song TT, Dong CW. Association between Interactions among ACE Gene Polymorphisms and Essential Hypertension in Patients in the Hefei Region, Anhui, China. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2023; 2023:1159973. [PMID: 37091860 PMCID: PMC10118893 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1159973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Essential hypertension (EH) is a common cardiovascular disease that endangers human health. Its pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated. We explore the association between EH and interactions among polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in the Hefei region, Anhui, China. Methods A total of 500 participants (400 hypertensive and 100 normotensive) were included in this study. The polymorphisms were detected via improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR). To improve the accuracy of prediction, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was used to analyze the overall effect of interactions among seven loci on the incidence of EH. Results The frequencies of polymorphisms in the ACE genes rs12709426, rs4291, rs4309, rs4331, rs4343, rs4459609, and rs4461142 in the EH group were not statistically significantly different from those in the control group. We also found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12709426 only had a homozygous AA genotype and no polymorphisms. There were no differences in the frequency of genetic polymorphisms between the EH and control groups. The best model explaining the EH group was the combined effect of ACE genes rs4291, rs4309, and rs4461142. Conclusion There is an interaction effect among ACE gene loci in EH patients in Hefei region, Anhui, China. Also, the ACE gene SNP rs12709426 only has a homozygous AA genotype and does not show an association with EH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Ting-ting Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230012, China
| | - Chang-wu Dong
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Hefei 230061, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wibowo A, Hastuti P, Susanti V. The Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme I/D and Angiotensinogen M235T Polymorphism Genes with Essential Hypertension: A Meta-analysis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.7628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Essential or primary hypertension in developing countries has become a major problem. Recent hypertension-related research has revealed susceptibility genes in genome-wide association studies. Several studies have associated angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D and angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T polymorphisms with essential hypertension, but results have been inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to clarify the association of AGT and ACE polymorphisms with the risk of primary hypertension.
Methods: PubMed, Embase database, Medline, Goggle Scholar, Scopus.com, as well portal Garuda (www.garuda.ristekdikti.go.id) and Cochrane were used to retrieve all publications from 2006-2020 relating risk factors for hypertension with ACE I/D and AGT M235T polymorphisms. The meta-analysis was conducted from January –April 2020. All association studies were identified and data extracted from each study. Revman 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) after extracting data and evaluating the quality of the enrolled studies.
Results: A total of 27 studies (totaling 5,105 patients and 5196 controls) were identified. The overall effect suggested ACE I/D was significantly associated with primary hypertension (OR: 95%CI=1.51[1.29-1.77], p=0.004). There was no association between AGT M235T with risk of essential hypertension.
Conclusion: This meta-analysis found significant association between ACE I/D gene polymorphisms with primary hypertension susceptibility. However, the AGT M235T gene had no association with the risk of primary hypertension. The Adrenoreceptor-beta/Renin Angiotensin System (ADRB/RAS) A allele should be considered a risk factor for essential hypertension.
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu M, Yi J, Tang W. Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021; 22:1470320321995074. [PMID: 33726555 PMCID: PMC7983243 DOI: 10.1177/1470320321995074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The current meta-analytic study explored the relation between ACE gene
insertion/deletion (I/D), and the risk of EH by reviewing relevant trials so as to
determine the association between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism
and essential hypertension (EH) susceptibility. Methods: Relevant studies published before May 2019 were collected from the PubMed, Cochrane,
Embase, CNKI, VANFUN, and VIP databases. Results: Fifty-seven studies involving a total of 32,862 patients were included. These studies
found that ACE gene D allele was associated with higher EH susceptibility in allelic
model, homozygote model, dominant model, and regressive model, and that Asian population
with ACE gene D allele showed a higher EH susceptibility in all these models. Moreover,
ACE gene D allele was found closely related to a higher EH susceptibility in the
subgroups of HWE, NO HWE, Caucasian population, and Mixed population, with the majority
being males in allelic model, homozygote model, and regressive model and the majority
being females in allelic model. Conclusion: ACE gene D allele is associated with an overall higher EH susceptibility, which is
confirmed in the subgroup analysis of Asian population, HWE, NO HWE, Caucasian
population, and Mixed population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- Ninth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jian Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenwen Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Ninth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu R, Yang L, Wei Q. miR-34a targets PAI-1 to regulate urinary microalbumin and renal function in hypertensive mice. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:3. [PMID: 32178735 PMCID: PMC7077132 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of miR-34a targeted at PAI-1 on urinary microalbumin and renal function in hypertensive mice. Methods Twenty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) BPN/3J mice were selected in normal group, and 120 SPF BPH/2J mice were evenly divided into model group, negative control group, miR-34a mimic group, miR-34a inhibitor group, Si-PAI-1 group, and miR-34a inhibitor + Si-PAI-1 group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-34a and PAI-1 mRNA. The protein expressions of PAI-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 were detected by Western blot. Serum levels of AngII and Ang1-7 were detected by ELISA. Results miR-34a negatively regulated the expression of PAI-1. Compared with the normal group, mice in the other groups had significantly lower body weight, increased systolic blood pressure and 24-h urinary microalbumin content, decreased miR-34a expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide (NO) content, and ACE2 protein expression, and increased PAI-1 expression, serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) malondialdehyde (MDA), AngII and Ang1-7 levels, and ACE protein expression (all P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, mice in the miR-34a mimic group and Si-PAI-1 group had no significant changes in body weight (all P > 0.05), while they had significantly lower systolic blood pressure and 24-h urinary microalbumin content, increased SOD and NO levels and ACE2 protein expression, and decreased PAI-1 expression, Scr, BUN, MDA, AngII and Ang1-7 levels, and ACE protein expression (all P < 0.05). Compared with the miR-34a inhibitor group, symptoms in miR-34a inhibitor + Si-PAI-1 group were significantly improved (all P < 0.05). Conclusions miR-34a can inhibit the expression of PAI-1, thereby reducing urinary microalbumin content in hypertensive mice and protecting their renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16 Hongxing East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai, 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16 Hongxing East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai, 054000, Hebei, China
| | - Qingmin Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xingtai People's Hospital, No.16 Hongxing East Street, Qiaodong District, Xingtai, 054000, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Adeoye AM, Adebayo O, Abiola B, Iwalokun B, Tayo B, Charchar F, Ojo A, Cooper R. The Association Between Selected Molecular Biomarkers and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Patterns in African Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertensive Patients Compared With Normotensive Controls: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e14820. [PMID: 31951214 PMCID: PMC6996765 DOI: 10.2196/14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a burgeoning epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Abnormal blood pressure variations are prevalent in CKD and potentiate the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Certain genetic variants (angiotensin II receptor type 1 1166 A>C and angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion and deletion polymorphisms) and biomarkers such as interleukin–6, tumor necrosis factor, soluble (s) E-selectin, homocysteine, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein have been shown to affect blood pressure variability among non-African CKD, hypertensive. and nonhypertensive CKD population. However, the contributions of the pattern, genetic, and environmental determinants of ambulatory blood pressure in African CKD have not been characterized. Understanding these interactions may help to develop interventions to prevent major cardiovascular events among people with CKD. Objective The overarching objective of this study is to identify, document, and develop approaches to address related phenomic, genetic, and environmental determinants of ambulatory blood pressure patterns in African CKD and non-CKD hypertensive patients compared with normotensive controls. Methods This is a longitudinal short-term follow-up study of 200 adult subjects with CKD and 200 each of age-matched hypertensives without CKD and apparently healthy controls. Demographic information, detailed clinical profile, electrocardiography, echocardiography, and 24-hr ambulatory blood pressure measurements will be obtained. Blood samples will be collected to determine albumin-creatinine ratio, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes, urea and creatinine, C-reactive protein, serum homocysteine, fibroblast growth factor–23, and complete blood count, while 2 mL blood aliquot will be collected in EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tubes and mixed using an electronic rolling system to prevent blood clots and subsequently used for DNA extraction and genetic analysis. Results A total of 239 participants have been recruited so far, and it is expected that the recruitment phase will be complete in June 2020. The follow-up phase will continue with data analysis and publications of results. Conclusions This study will help stratify Nigerian CKD patients phenotypically and genotypically in terms of their blood pressure variations with implications for targeted interventions and timing of medications to improve prognosis. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14820
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Moshood Adeoye
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oladimeji Adebayo
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Busayo Abiola
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Iwalokun
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele Tayo
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| | - Fadi Charchar
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Akinlolu Ojo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Richard Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oliveira-Paula GH, Pereira SC, Tanus-Santos JE, Lacchini R. Pharmacogenomics And Hypertension: Current Insights. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:341-359. [PMID: 31819590 PMCID: PMC6878918 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately one billion subjects worldwide and is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents. Therefore, adequate blood pressure control is important to prevent these events, reducing premature mortality and disability. However, only one third of patients have the effective control of blood pressure, despite several classes of antihypertensive drugs available. These disappointing outcomes may be at least in part explained by interpatient variability in drug response due to genetic polymorphisms. To address the effects of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure responses to the antihypertensive drug classes, studies have applied candidate genes and genome wide approaches. More recently, a third approach that considers gene-gene interactions has also been applied in hypertension pharmacogenomics. In this article, we carried out a comprehensive review of recent findings on the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. We also discuss the limitations and inconsistences that have been found in hypertension pharmacogenomics and the challenges to implement this valuable approach in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sherliane C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:825-856. [PMID: 30590482 PMCID: PMC6936319 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign-an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Worapaka Manosroi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gordon H Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bomfim GF, Cau SBA, Bruno AS, Fedoce AG, Carneiro FS. Hypertension: a new treatment for an old disease? Targeting the immune system. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2028-2048. [PMID: 29969833 PMCID: PMC6534786 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension represents a serious public health problem, being a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The availability of many antihypertensive therapeutic strategies still fails to adequately treat around 20% of hypertensive patients, who are considered resistant to conventional treatment. In the pathogenesis of hypertension, immune system mechanisms are activated and both the innate and adaptive immune responses play a crucial role. However, what, when and how the immune system is triggered during hypertension development is still largely undefined. In this context, this review highlights scientific advances in the manipulation of the immune system in order to attenuate hypertension and end-organ damage. Here, we discuss the potential use of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators as pharmacological tools to control the activation of the immune system, by non-specific and specific mechanisms, to treat hypertension and improve end-organ damage. Nevertheless, more clinical trials should be performed with these drugs to establish their therapeutic efficacy, safety and risk-benefit ratio in hypertensive conditions. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefany Bruno Assis Cau
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological ScienceFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Alexandre Santos Bruno
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological ScienceFederal University of Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil
| | - Aline Garcia Fedoce
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alaee E, Mirahmadi M, Ghasemi M, Kashani E, Attar M, Shahbazi M. Association study of M235T and A-6G polymorphisms in angiotensinogen gene with risk of developing preeclampsia in Iranian population. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 83:418-425. [PMID: 31090060 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication of pregnancy that accounts for 12% of all maternal deaths worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between the polymorphisms of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene and preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, 240 unrelated preeclampsia patients and 178 normotensive women were examined. Genomic DNA was extracted then we assessed M235T(C/T) and A-6G polymorphisms of the AGT gene. Genotyping of M235T and A-6G polymorphisms were performed using SSP-PCR and MS-PCR, respectively. RESULTS A significant protective association was observed between A-6G G allele, A-6G A/G heterozygote genotype (OR = 0.6, p = 0.007 and OR = 0.6, p = 0.04) against PE. Furthermore, it was shown that two copies of A-6G A allele would increase PE risk (OR: 0.62, p = 0.04). Our results did not show a significant association for M235T polymorphism and PE. However, the combinations of A-6G A/A genotype and M235T T/C genotype (OR = 0.4, p = 0.02) and also A-6G A/G genotype and M235T T/C genotype (OR = 0.5, p = 0.04) in controls represented a significant protective association against PE. CONCLUSION According to the existence of significant correlation between two candidate polymorphisms, A-6G and M235T polymorphisms, with PE disease in our study, they may be considered as valuable factors in susceptibility to PE disease in Iranian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alaee
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmadi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Ghasemi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Kashani
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sayyad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan, University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Attar
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Shahbazi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,AryaTinaGene, Biopharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yu F, Zhang Z, Luo L, Zhu J, Huang F, Yang Z, Tang Y, Ding G. Identification and Molecular Docking Study of a Novel Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Cyclina sinensis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E411. [PMID: 30373231 PMCID: PMC6265983 DOI: 10.3390/md16110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides have shown potent ACE inhibitory activity with no side effects. In this study, we reported the discovery of a novel ACE-inhibitory peptide derived from trypsin hydrolysates of Cyclina sinensis (CSH). CSH was separated into four different molecular weight (MW) fractions by ultrafiltration. Fraction CSH-I showed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity. A peptide was purified by fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and its sequence was determined to be Trp-Pro-Met-Gly-Phe (WPMGF, 636.75 Da). The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that WPMGF was a competitive inhibitor of ACE. WPMGF showed a significant degree of stability at varying temperatures, pH, and simulated gastrointestinal environment conditions. We investigated the interaction between this pentapeptide and ACE by means of a flexible molecular docking tool. The results revealed that effective interaction between WPMGF and ACE occurred mainly through hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and coordination bonds between WPMGF and Zn(II). In conclusion, our study indicates that a purified extract derived from Cyclina sinensis or the WPMGF peptide could potentially be incorporated in antihypertensive functional foods or dietary supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangmiao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Zhuangwei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Liwang Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Junxiang Zhu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Quality Safety, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China.
| | - Fangfang Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Yunping Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Guofang Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| |
Collapse
|