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Toyinbo O, Phipatanakul W, Shaughnessy R, Haverinen-Shaughnessy U. Building and indoor environmental quality assessment of Nigerian primary schools: A pilot study. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:510-520. [PMID: 30807666 PMCID: PMC6486416 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A total of 15 classrooms went through on-site assessments/inspections, including measurements of temperature (T), and concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). In addition, the level of surface biocontamination/cleaning effectiveness was assessed by measuring adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels on students' desks. Based on the data, the quality of facilities in the buildings was low. Classroom occupancy exceeded ASHRAE 50 person/100 m2 standard in all cases indicating overcrowding. However, concentrations of CO2 remained below 1000 ppm in most classrooms. On the other hand, indoor T was above the recommended levels for thermal comfort in all classrooms. Maximum indoor CO was 6 ppm. Median ATP concentrations on the desk tops were moderately high in all schools. The use of open incinerators and power generator sets near classrooms, which was suspected to be the main source of CO, should be discouraged. Improved hygiene could be achieved by providing the students access to functioning bathroom facilities and cafeteria, and by effective cleaning of high contact surfaces such as desks. Although ventilation seems adequate based on CO2 concentrations, thermal comfort was not attained especially in the afternoon during extreme sunlight. Therefore, installing passive and/or mechanical cooling systems should be considered in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyemi Toyinbo
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio FI-70701, Finland
- Indoor Air Program, the University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA
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Mesías Monsalve S, Martínez L, Yohannessen Vásquez K, Alvarado Orellana S, Klarián Vergara J, Martín Mateo M, Costilla Salazar R, Fuentes Alburquenque M, Cáceres Lillo DD. Trace element contents in fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in urban school microenvironments near a contaminated beach with mine tailings, Chañaral, Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:1077-1091. [PMID: 28536962 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-9980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Air quality in schools is an important public health issue because children spend a considerable part of their daily life in classrooms. Particulate size and chemical composition has been associated with negative health effects. We studied levels of trace element concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in indoor versus outdoor school settings from six schools in Chañaral, a coastal city with a beach severely polluted with mine tailings. Concentrations of trace elements were measured on two consecutive days during the summer and winter of 2012 and 2013 and determined using X-ray fluorescence. Source apportionment and element enrichment were measured using principal components analysis and enrichment factors. Trace elements were higher in indoor school spaces, especially in classrooms compared with outdoor environments. The most abundant elements were Na, Cl, S, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ti, and Si, associated with earth's crust. Conversely, an extremely high enrichment factor was determined for Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr; heavy metals associated with systemic and carcinogenic risk effects, whose probably origin sources are industrial and mining activities. These results suggest that the main source of trace elements in PM2.5 from these school microenvironments is a mixture of dust contaminated with mine tailings and marine aerosols. Policymakers should prioritize environmental management changes to minimize further environmental damage and its direct impact on the health of children exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Mesías Monsalve
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karla Yohannessen Vásquez
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Alvarado Orellana
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - José Klarián Vergara
- Departamento de Prevención de Riesgos y Medioambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Martín Mateo
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, de la Salud y la Vida, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rogelio Costilla Salazar
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Dante D Cáceres Lillo
- Programa de Salud Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Salud Pública, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 939, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
- Grups de Recerca d'América i Africa Llatines GRAAL, Unitat de Bioestadística, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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Maragkidou A, Arar S, Al-Hunaiti A, Ma Y, Harrad S, Jaghbeir O, Faouri D, Hämeri K, Hussein T. Occupational health risk assessment and exposure to floor dust PAHs inside an educational building. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:1050-1056. [PMID: 27887828 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) settled in floor dust play an important role in human health. Although many studies investigated occupational exposure to PAHs, no attempts have been made to report PAHs concentrations as well as their health risk assessment inside an educational building in Jordan. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to report the PAHs concentrations in floor dust and evaluate their exposure and health risk inside the Department of Physics of the University of Jordan. The total PAHs concentrations ranged from 714 to 5246ng/g. The high concentrations were observed inside some offices, where tobacco smoking took place. One of those offices was previously renovated and some petrochemical liquids were used to remove the remaining glue from a previous carpet. Interestingly, the PAHs inside these offices were higher than those reported inside lecture rooms and the workshop area, where extensive activates of heavy machinery and use of petroleum products (such as lubricating oils). This implies that the health effects of exposure to tobacco smoking inside small micro-environmental places that are poorly ventilated can be very harmful. We also made a simple exposure and health risk assessment for the ingested dust (hand-to-mouth) by calculating the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) and benzo(a)pyrene equivalent carcinogenic power (BaPE). The total EDI was less than 3.75ng/kg-bw/day whereas the BaPE was less than 385ng/g. These values are lower than what was reported in some previous studies in Europe and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androniki Maragkidou
- University of Helsinki, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, PL 48, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sharif Arar
- The University of Jordan, Department of Chemistry, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | - Yuning Ma
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Harrad
- University of Birmingham, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Jaghbeir
- The University of Jordan, Department of Physics, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Dina Faouri
- The University of Jordan, Department of Physics, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Kaarle Hämeri
- University of Helsinki, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, PL 48, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tareq Hussein
- The University of Jordan, Department of Physics, Amman 11942, Jordan.
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Deng WJ, Zheng HL, Tsui AKY, Chen XW. Measurement and health risk assessment of PM 2.5, flame retardants, carbonyls and black carbon in indoor and outdoor air in kindergartens in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 96:65-74. [PMID: 27608428 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution is closely related to children's health. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dechlorane plus (DP) transmitted through indoor PM2.5 and dust, along with carbonyl compounds and black carbon (BC) aerosol were analysed in five Hong Kong kindergartens. The results showed that 60% of the median PM2.5 levels (1.3×101 to 2.9×101μg/m3 for indoor; 9.5 to 8.8×101μg/m3 for outdoor) in the five kindergartens were higher than the guidelines set by the World Health Organization (2.5×101μg/m3). Indoor PM2.5 mass concentrations were correlated with outdoor PM2.5 in four of the kindergartens. The PBDEs (0.10-0.64ng/m3 in PM2.5; 0.30-2.0×102ng/g in dust) and DP (0.05-0.10ng/m3 in PM2.5; 1.3-8.7ng/g in dust) were detected in 100% of the PM2.5 and dust samples. Fire retardant levels in the air were not correlated with the levels of dust in this study. The median BC concentrations varied by >7-fold from 8.8×102ng/m-3 to 6.7×103ng/m-3 and cooking events might have caused BC concentrations to rise both indoors and outdoors. The total concentrations of 16 carbonyls ranged from 4.7×101μg/m3 to 9.3×101μg/m3 indoors and from 1.9×101μg/m3 to 4.3×101μg/m3 outdoors, whilst formaldehyde was the most abundant air carbonyl. Indoor carbonyl concentrations were correlated with outdoor carbonyls in three kindergartens. The health risk assessment showed that hazard indexes (HIs) HIs of non-cancer risks from PBDEs and DPs were all lower than 0.08, whilst non-cancer HIs of carbonyl compounds ranged from 0.77 to 1.85 indoors and from 0.50 to 0.97 outdoors. The human intake of PBDEs and DP through inhalation of PM2.5 accounted for 78% to 92% of the total intake. The cancer hazard quotients (HQs) of formaldehyde ranged from 4.5E-05 to 2.1E-04 indoors and from 1.9E-05 to 6.2E-05 outdoors. In general, the indoor air pollution in the five Hong Kong kindergartens might present adverse effects to children, although different schools showed distinct pollution levels, so indoor air quality might be improved through artificial measures. The data will be useful to developing a feasible management protocol for indoor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hai-Long Zheng
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Anita K Y Tsui
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun-Wen Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Vignau-Laulhere J, Mocho P, Plaisance H, Raulin K, Desauziers V. Assessment of diffusion parameters of new passive samplers using optical chemical sensor for on-site measuring formaldehyde in indoor air: experimental and numerical studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2147-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Branco PTBS, Alvim-Ferraz MCM, Martins FG, Sousa SIV. Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries-part I: CO₂ and comfort assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:1-9. [PMID: 25800634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality (IAQ) in nurseries is an emerging case-study. Thus, this study, as the Part I of the larger study "Children's exposure to indoor air in urban nurseries", aimed to: i) evaluate nurseries' indoor concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), a global IAQ indicator, in class and lunch rooms; ii) assess indoor comfort parameters-temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH); and iii) analyse them according to guidelines and references for IAQ, comfort and children's health. Indoor continuous measurements were performed. Non-compliances with guidelines were found in comfort parameters, which could cause discomfort situations and also microbial proliferation. Exceedances in CO2 concentrations were also found and they were caused by poor ventilation and high classroom occupation. More efficient ventilation and control of comfort parameters, as well as to reduce occupation by reviewing Portuguese legislation on that matter, would certainly improve IAQ and comfort in nurseries and consequently safeguard children's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P T B S Branco
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, E215, Porto, Portugal
| | - M C M Alvim-Ferraz
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, E215, Porto, Portugal
| | - F G Martins
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, E215, Porto, Portugal
| | - S I V Sousa
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, E215, Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Araújo-Martins J, Carreiro Martins P, Viegas J, Aelenei D, Cano M, Teixeira J, Paixão P, Papoila A, Leiria-Pinto P, Pedro C, Rosado-Pinto J, Annesi-Maesano I, Neuparth N. Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH) - Study rationale and protocol. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2014; 20:311-323. [PMID: 32288977 PMCID: PMC7110969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered an important determinant of human health. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, house dust mite, molds and bacteria in day care centers (DCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this project was to study these effects. METHODS – STUDY DESIGN This study comprised two phases. Phase I included an evaluation of 45 DCCs (25 from Lisbon and 20 from Oporto, targeting 5161 children). In this phase, building characteristics, indoor CO2 and air temperature/relative humidity, were assessed. A children's respiratory health questionnaire derived from the ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children) was also distributed. Phase II encompassed two evaluations and included 20 DCCs selected from phase I after a cluster analysis (11 from Lisbon and 9 from Oporto, targeting 2287 children). In this phase, data on ventilation, IAQ, thermal comfort parameters, respiratory and allergic health, airway inflammation biomarkers, respiratory virus infection patterns and parental and child stress were collected. RESULTS In Phase I, building characteristics, occupant behavior and ventilation surrogates were collected from all DCCs. The response rate of the questionnaire was 61.7% (3186 children).Phase II included 1221 children. Association results between DCC characteristics, IAQ and health outcomes will be provided in order to support recommendations on IAQ and children's health. A building ventilation model will also be developed. DISCUSSION This paper outlines methods that might be implemented by other investigators conducting studies on the association between respiratory health and indoor air quality at DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Araújo-Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Carreiro Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Viegas
- Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D. Aelenei
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M.M. Cano
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge – Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.P. Teixeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge – Porto, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - P. Paixão
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A.L. Papoila
- Departamento de Bioestatística e Informática, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Ceaul, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Leiria-Pinto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Pedro
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Rosado-Pinto
- Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada, 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR (Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases), F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N. Neuparth
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Araújo-Martins J, Carreiro Martins P, Viegas J, Aelenei D, Cano MM, Teixeira JP, Paixão P, Papoila AL, Leiria-Pinto P, Pedro C, Rosado-Pinto J, Annesi-Maesano I, Neuparth N. Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH) - Study rationale and protocol. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE PNEUMOLOGIA 2014; 20:311-23. [PMID: 24746462 PMCID: PMC7126211 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered an important determinant of human health. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, house dust mite, molds and bacteria in day care centers (DCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this project was to study these effects. METHODS - STUDY DESIGN This study comprised two phases. Phase I included an evaluation of 45 DCCs (25 from Lisbon and 20 from Oporto, targeting 5161 children). In this phase, building characteristics, indoor CO2 and air temperature/relative humidity, were assessed. A children's respiratory health questionnaire derived from the ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children) was also distributed. Phase II encompassed two evaluations and included 20 DCCs selected from phase I after a cluster analysis (11 from Lisbon and 9 from Oporto, targeting 2287 children). In this phase, data on ventilation, IAQ, thermal comfort parameters, respiratory and allergic health, airway inflammation biomarkers, respiratory virus infection patterns and parental and child stress were collected. RESULTS In Phase I, building characteristics, occupant behavior and ventilation surrogates were collected from all DCCs. The response rate of the questionnaire was 61.7% (3186 children). Phase II included 1221 children. Association results between DCC characteristics, IAQ and health outcomes will be provided in order to support recommendations on IAQ and children's health. A building ventilation model will also be developed. DISCUSSION This paper outlines methods that might be implemented by other investigators conducting studies on the association between respiratory health and indoor air quality at DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Araújo-Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - P Carreiro Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Viegas
- Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Aelenei
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M M Cano
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J P Teixeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Porto, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - P Paixão
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A L Papoila
- Departamento de Bioestatística e Informática, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Ceaul, Portugal; Centro de Investigação, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Leiria-Pinto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Pedro
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Rosado-Pinto
- Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada, 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR (Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Neuparth
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Annesi-Maesano I, Baiz N, Banerjee S, Rudnai P, Rive S. Indoor air quality and sources in schools and related health effects. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2013; 16:491-550. [PMID: 24298914 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2013.853609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Good indoor air quality in schools is important to provide a safe, healthy, productive, and comfortable environment for students, teachers, and other school staff. However, existing studies demonstrated that various air pollutants are found in classrooms, sometimes at elevated concentrations. Data also indicated that poor air quality may impact children's health, in particular respiratory health, attendance, and academic performance. Nevertheless, it should be noted that there are other adverse health effects that are less documented. Few data exist for teachers and other adults that work in schools. Allergic individuals seem to be at a higher risk for adverse respiratory health consequences. Air quality improvement represents an important measure for prevention of adverse health consequences in children and adults in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- a Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, UMR S 707: EPAR (Epidémiologie des maladies allergiques et respiratoires), Medical School Saint-Antoine Paris , France
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