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Flener JL, Chen BPH, Ernst FR, Libolt A, Gunja NJ, Barrett WP. Advanced Multi-Layer Watertight Closure versus Conventional Closure in Total Hip and Knee Replacement Surgery. Pragmat Obs Res 2024; 15:93-102. [PMID: 39049871 PMCID: PMC11268763 DOI: 10.2147/por.s450183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In total joint replacement procedures, surgeons have increasingly adopted advanced multi-layer, watertight closure. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical and economic outcomes for advanced multi-layer, watertight closure patients to those with conventional closure with sutures and skin staples. Methods Patients aged ≥18 years were included in the study if they underwent total joint arthroplasty of the hip or knee as an elective, primary, inpatient procedure between January 2014 and March 2019. Cohorts having advanced multi-layer, watertight closure or conventional closure were compared using multivariable regression analysis of surgical site infections, length of stay, operating room time, procedure time, discharge status, readmissions, reoperations, and hospital emergency department visits. Results A total of 1828 patients received at least one total hip or knee replacement, of which 434 (23.7%) had advanced multi-layer, watertight closure and 1394 (76.3%) had conventional closure. Unadjusted time to readmission, when occurring, was considerably longer following advanced multi-layer, watertight closure (89.9 vs 51.1 days, p < 0.0001), and a lower proportion of the advanced multi-layer, watertight closure cohort required reoperation within 90 days (0.0% vs 2.6%, p < 0.0001). Adjusted mean hospital length of stay was approximately half of a day shorter for advanced multi-layer, watertight closure patients (1.10 vs 1.65 days; p < 0.001), and they were also more likely to be discharged to home (Odds Ratio: 4.61; p = 0.002). Conclusion Among patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty in a highly optimized real-world clinical practice, advanced multi-layer, watertight closure was associated with significantly shorter inpatient length of stay and increased likelihood of being discharged to home compared with conventional closure. These findings suggest that advanced multi-layer, watertight closure is a valuable component of an optimal workflow for total hip or knee replacement, and may be especially valuable for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank R Ernst
- Real World Evidence and Late Phase, CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting Services, Covington, KY, USA
| | - Aaron Libolt
- Proliance Orthopedic Associates, Renton, WA, USA
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Woelfle CA, Shah RP, Neuwirth AL, Herndon CL, Levine WN, Cooper HJ. 2-Octyl-Cyanoacrylate Mesh Dressings for Total Joint Arthroplasty: Dressing Design Influences Risks of Wound Complications. J Arthroplasty 2024:S0883-5403(24)00650-8. [PMID: 38914145 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent liquid adhesive skin closure systems with a mesh patch and a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate liquid formula have shown promising results in total joint arthroplasty. Chemical accelerators are typically included to promote the rapid polymerization of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The goal of the study is to distinguish designs and wound complication differences between 2 similar systems. METHODS An 18-week retrospective study was conducted from July to December 2023, including 207 total hip arthroplasty and 212 total knee arthroplasty cases from 4 attending surgeons at 1 institution that used 1 of 2 dressing designs. Both dressings had a 2-octyl cyanoacrylate liquid adhesive formula that applied topically to a polyester-based mesh overlaying the wound. Mesh A (used in 274 cases) included an accelerator, a quaternary ammonium salt, on the mesh patch, whereas Mesh B (used in 145 cases) included a similar accelerator within the adhesive applicator. RESULTS Wound complications (3.2 versus 7.6%; X2 = 3.86; df = 1; P = .049), early periprosthetic joint infections (0 versus 2.8%; X2 = 7.63; df = 1; P = .006), and 90-day reoperations for wound complications (0.4 versus 3.4%; X2 = 6.39; df = 1; P = .011) were significantly lower in patients who received Mesh A versus B, respectively. There was no difference in superficial surgical site infections (0.7 versus 0%; X2 = 1.06; df = 1; P = .302) or allergy rates (3.3 versus 4.1%; X2 = 0.12; df = 1; P = .655) between Mesh A and B. CONCLUSIONS We observed significantly different performance in wound complications, early postoperative periprosthetic joint infections, and 90-day reoperation between the 2 designs. Having the accelerator in the applicator rather than on the mesh patch may lead to premature polymerization before bonding appropriately with the mesh to create the desired wound closure and seal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelyn A Woelfle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Roshan P Shah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexander L Neuwirth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Carl L Herndon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - William N Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - H John Cooper
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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3
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Tan Z, Tomaszewski J, Chen BPH, Gunja NJ, Etter K. Use of interrupted time-series analyses in evaluating health economic outcomes following implementation of multilayer water-tight wound closure in a primary total joint arthroplasty population. J Comp Eff Res 2024; 13:e230110. [PMID: 38415342 PMCID: PMC11044954 DOI: 10.57264/cer-2023-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with multi-layer, watertight closure (MLWC) using knotless barbed suture and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate plus polymer mesh tape was compared with conventional closure (CC) using Vicryl™ sutures and staples. Patients & methods: Electronic medical records of patients undergoing TJA (1574: total knee arthroplasty; 580: total hip arthroplasty; 13: unknown) from a single surgeon at a US hospital (CC 2011 to 2013; MLWC 2015 to 2020) were reviewed. Outcomes were length of stay (LOS), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF), 90-day surgical site infection (SSI) and 90-day readmission. Logistic regression controlled for baseline characteristics. Adjusted interrupted time series (ITS) analyses accounted for decreasing trends in LOS and SNF discharge over time. Results: Among 2167 TJA cases (mean [standard deviation] age 66.0 [9.7] years, 53.3% female), 906 received CC and 1261 received MLWC. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences in 90-day SSI rates; however, MLWC patients had 60% lower 90-day readmission rates (1.5 vs 3.8%, p < 0.05), 44% lower LOS (1.4 vs 2.5 days, p < 0.05) and 40% lower discharge rates to a skilled care facility (8.5 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05). Multivariable analyses showed CC patients were 2.45-times more likely to be readmitted within 90 days, 1.88-times more likely to be discharged to SNF and had 1.67-times longer LOS compared with MLWC. ITS analyses showed a sharp decline in LOS (0.9 days) and discharge to SNF (5.6% incidence) after implementation of MLWC, followed by no further changes for the remainder of the study period. Conclusion: MLWC was associated with ≥40% reduction in 90-day readmission, LOS and SNF discharge compared with TJA CC. LOS and discharge rate to SNF declined sharply after the implementation of MLWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Tan
- Health Economics & Market Access, Ethicon Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Katherine Etter
- Health Economics & Market Access, Ethicon Inc., Raritan, NJ, USA
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4
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Romanini E, Zanoli GA, Ascione T, Balato G, Baldini A, Foglia E, Pellegrini AV, Verde F, Zaffagnini S. Barbed sutures and skin adhesives improve wound closure in hip and knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:303-310. [PMID: 38318999 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to formulate evidence-based recommendations for optimising wound management in hip and knee arthroplasty by exploring alternative methods such as barbed sutures and skin adhesives. METHODS A Delphi panel, comprising seven orthopaedic surgeons, one musculoskeletal infectious disease specialist, and one health economics expert, was convened to evaluate the use of barbed sutures and skin adhesives for wound closure in hip and knee arthroplasty. Two systematic reviews informed the development of questionnaires, with panelists ranking their agreement on statements using a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was achieved if ≥75% agreement. Unresolved statements were revisited in a second round. RESULTS Consensus was reached on 11 statements, providing evidence-based recommendations. The expert panel advocates for a multilayer watertight technique using barbed sutures to prevent surgical site infections (SSI), reduce complications, shorten surgical times, optimise resources and improve cosmetic appearance. For skin closure, the panel recommends topical adhesives to decrease wound dehiscence, enhance cosmetic appearance, promote patient compliance, prevent SSIs, and optimise resources. CONCLUSION The Delphi consensus by Italian total joint arthroplasty experts underscores the pivotal role of barbed sutures and skin adhesives in optimising outcomes. While guiding clinical decision-making, these recommendations are not prescriptive and should be adapted to local practices. The study encourages further research to enhance current evidence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Romanini
- RomaPro Centre for Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Polo Sanitario San Feliciano, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Ascione
- Service of Infectious Diseases, AORN A. Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Balato
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Foglia
- School of Management Engineering and Healthcare Datascience LAB, Carlo Cattaneo- LIUC University and LIUC Business School, Castellanza, VA, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Zaffagnini
- Università di Bologna, Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Vishwanath N, Whitaker C, Allu S, Clippert D, Jouffroy E, Hong J, Stone B, Connolly W, Barrett CC, Antoci V, Born CT, Garcia DR. Silver as an Antibiotic-Independent Antimicrobial: Review of Current Formulations and Clinical Relevance. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2022; 23:769-780. [PMID: 36178480 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2022.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The increase of multi-drug-resistant organisms has revived the use of silver as an alternative antibiotic-independent antimicrobial. Although silver's multimodal mechanism of action provides low risk for bacterial resistance, high local and uncontrolled concentrations have shown toxicity. This has resulted in efforts to develop novel silver formulations that are safer and more predictable in their application. Optimization of silver as an antimicrobial is crucial given the growing resistance profile against antibiotics. This article reviews formulations of silver used as antimicrobials, focusing on the mechanisms of action, potential for toxicity, and clinical applications. Methods: A search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library) was conducted for relevant studies up to January 2022. Searches were conducted for the following types of silver: ionic, nanoparticles, colloidal, silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, silver oxide, silver carboxylate, and AQUACEL® (ConvaTec, Berkshire, UK). Sources were compiled based on title and abstract and screened for inclusion based on relevance and study design. Results: A review of the antimicrobial activity and uses of ionic silver, silver nanoparticles, colloidal silver, silver nitrate, silver sulfadiazine, silver oxide, Aquacel, and silver carboxylate was conducted. The mechanisms of action, clinical uses, and potential for toxicity were studied, and general trends between earlier and more advanced formulations noted. Conclusions: Early forms of silver have more limited utility because of their uncontrolled release of silver ions and potential for systemic toxicity. Multiple new formulations show promise; however, there is a need for more prospective in vivo studies to validate the clinical potential of these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Vishwanath
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Colin Whitaker
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sai Allu
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Drew Clippert
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Elia Jouffroy
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - James Hong
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Benjamin Stone
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - William Connolly
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Caitlin C Barrett
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Valentin Antoci
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher T Born
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Dioscaris R Garcia
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Weiss Center for Orthopaedic Trauma Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Multilayer Watertight Closure to Address Adverse Events From Primary Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Wound Closure Methods by Tissue Layer. Arthroplast Today 2021; 10:180-189.e7. [PMID: 34527801 PMCID: PMC8430424 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wound closure is a key, and often underrecognized, component of hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods for wound closure are an important consideration to better avoid wound-related adverse events; however, there is a lack of consensus on optimal methods. The objective of the following review was twofold: to characterize the wound closure methods used by layer in the total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty literature and summarize optimal wound-healing strategies to address the risk of adverse events. Methods A systematic literature review was performed to identify total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies reporting wound closure methods by layer and wound-healing adverse events (including superficial, deep, or periprosthetic joint infections, wound dehiscence, or prolonged wound drainage). Studies on revision procedures were excluded. Wound closure methods and adverse events were summarized qualitatively as meta-analyses were not possible because of study heterogeneity. Results Forty studies met the inclusion criteria: 22 randomized controlled trials and 18 observational studies. Across studies, 6 categories and 22 unique techniques for closure were identified. Conventional closure methods exhibited large ranges of adverse event rates. Studies of multilayer barbed sutures with topical skin adhesives and polyester mesh or multilayer antimicrobial sutures reported narrow ranges of adverse events rates. Conclusions Considerable variability exists for wound closure methods, with a wide range reported in adverse events. Recent technologies and methods for standardized watertight, multilayer closure show promise for avoiding adverse events and unnecessary health-care costs; however, higher quality, comparative studies are required to enable future meta-analyses. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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7
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Fernández Ponce MT, Cejudo Bastante C, Casas Cardoso L, Mantell C, Martínez de la Ossa EJ, Pereyra C. Potential Use of Annona Genus Plants Leaf Extracts to Produce Bioactive Transdermal Patches by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081196. [PMID: 34439444 PMCID: PMC8388995 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon dioxide + ethanol/acetone was evaluated taking into account the antioxidant activity, total phenol composition and global extraction yields. For the impregnation of ALE, two drug supporting systems were tested: hydrocolloid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and polyester dressings (PD). The effect of the impregnation conditions, including pressure (P), temperature (T), percent of co-solvent (ethanol) and ALE/polymer mass ratio, was determined with regard to the loading and the functional activity of the impregnated samples. The optimal impregnation conditions of ALE were established at 55 °C and 300 bar which led to obtained transdermal patches with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. In order to understand the behavior of the process, the homogeneity of the samples in the vessels was also evaluated. The best results were obtained at higher proportions of co-solvent in the system.
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8
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Siddiqi A, Alden KJ, Yerasimides JG, Kamath AF. Direct Anterior Approach for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: Anatomy and Surgical Technique. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021; 29:e217-e231. [PMID: 33351524 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-20-00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increased interest and literature on the efficacy of direct anterior approach (DAA) for total hip arthroplasty (THA). Developments in surgical technique and instrumentation, along with exposure earlier in orthopaedic residency training, may augment the adoption of this approach among practicing orthopaedic surgeons. With the increasing number of primary THA performed through the DAA, understanding the indications and techniques associated with revision THA via the DAA has proved increasingly important. Patient positioning, understanding surgical anatomy and extensile maneuvers, and applying key reconstructive methods are essential for obtaining adequate exposure and fixation. Acetabular exposure can be facilitated through capsular and soft-tissue release, along with extensile approaches to the pelvis and acetabulum. Extensile distal extension can be performed for safe access to the femur, including extended femoral osteotomies. The purpose of this review is to describe indications, surgical anatomy, intraoperative tips, clinical outcomes, and complications after DAA for revision THA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Siddiqi
- From the Department of Orthopedics, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (Kamath and Siddiqi), the Hinsdale Orthopaedics, Hinsdale, IL (Alden), and the Norton Orthopedic Institute, Louisville, KY (Yerasimides)
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9
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Anderson FL, Herndon CL, Lakra A, Geller JA, Cooper HJ, Shah RP. Polyester Mesh Dressings Reduce Delayed Wound Healing and Reoperations Compared with Silver-Impregnated Occlusive Dressings after Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplast Today 2020; 6:350-353. [PMID: 32566715 PMCID: PMC7298533 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background New dressings aimed at reducing surgical wound complications after knee arthroplasty continue to evolve. We compared wound complications and reoperations between 2 dressings: 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive and polyester mesh (Dermabond® Prineo®, “mesh”) and silver-impregnated occlusive dressings and n-butyl-2-cyancacrylate adhesive (AQUACEL® Ag SURGICAL cover dressing with SwiftSet™, “standard"). Methods This retrospective cohort study reviewed 353 consecutive partial and total knee arthroplasties performed by a single surgeon; 6 were excluded for not using either dressing type. Thus, 347 cases were separated into 2 cohorts: mesh (n = 176) and standard dressing (n = 171). Demographics and risk factors were similar, except for age. Surgical and closure techniques were consistent in all patients. Delayed wound healing was assessed by the surgeon at the 2-week office visit for drainage, suture abscess, or wound edge separation. Secondary outcome measures include infection, office-based closure, and return to the operating room for reclosure. Results There were 2 instances of delayed wound healing in the mesh group and 16 in the standard dressing group (1.14% vs 9.36%, P ≤ .0001). There were significantly fewer reoperations in the mesh group than in the standard group (0 vs 2.33%, P = .04). There were no infections or office-based closures. Conclusion Mesh dressings were associated with fewer episodes of delayed wound healing and reoperations than the standard dressing. A possible mechanism may be that this brand of mesh distributes wound tension more evenly. In addition, because it remains in place longer during the immediate postoperative period, it may work via prolonged wound edge support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest L Anderson
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl L Herndon
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akshay Lakra
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Geller
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H John Cooper
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P Shah
- Center for Hip and Knee Replacement, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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