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Zhang C, Zhang N, Chen M, Wang H, Shi J, Wang B, Sun B, Wang C. Metabolomics Analysis of the Effect of Glutamic Acid on Monacolin K Synthesis in Monascus purpureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:610471. [PMID: 33391237 PMCID: PMC7773642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Monacolin K is a secondary metabolite produced by Monascus with beneficial effects on health, including the ability to lower cholesterol. We previously showed that the yield of monacolin K was significantly improved when glutamic acid was added to the fermentation broth of Monascus purpureus M1. In this study, we analyzed M. purpureus in media with and without glutamic acid supplementation using a metabolomic profiling approach to identify key metabolites and metabolic pathway differences. A total of 817 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the two fermentation broths on day 8 of fermentation. Pathway analysis of these metabolites using the KEGG database indicated overrepresentation of the citric acid cycle; biotin metabolism; and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways. Six differentially expressed metabolites were found to be related to the citric acid cycle. The effect of citric acid as an exogenous additive on the synthesis of monacolin K was examined. These results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for further studies of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of monacolin K and medium optimization, as well as genetic engineering of Monascus M1 for efficient monacolin K production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
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Corina A, Abrudan MB, Nikolic D, Cӑtoi AF, Chianetta R, Castellino G, Citarrella R, Stoian AP, Pérez-Martínez P, Rizzo M. Effects of Aging and Diet on Cardioprotection and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3704-3714. [PMID: 31692432 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191105111232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of several diseases increases by age, including cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aging, as a complex process characterized by senescence, triggers various pathways, such as oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, metabolism dysfunction, telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying senescence may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets and strategies for age-related pathologies and extend the healthy lifespan. Modulating lifestyle risk factors and adopting healthy dietary patterns remain significant tools in delaying the aging process, decreasing age-associated comorbidities and mortality, increasing life expectancy and consequently, preventing the development of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, such a strategy represents the most cost-effective approach, and the quality of life of the subjects may be significantly improved. An integrated, personalized approach targeting cardiometabolic aging and frailty is suggested in daily clinical practice. However, it should be initiated from an early age. Moreover, there is a need for further well designed and controlled studies in order to elucidate a link between the time of feeding, longevity and cardiovascular prevention. In the future, it is expected that the pharmacological treatment in cardioprotective management will be necessary, accompanied by equally important lifestyle interventions and adjunctive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Corina
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria B Abrudan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, "Iuliu Hațieganu", University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dragana Nikolic
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Adriana F Cӑtoi
- Pathophysiology Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Castellino
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Anca P Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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