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MacDessi SJ, van de Graaf VA, Wood JA, Griffiths-Jones W, Bellemans J, Chen DB. Not all knees are the same. Bone Joint J 2024; 106-B:525-531. [PMID: 38821506 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.106b6.bjj-2023-1292.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty is to align all knees into a fixed neutral position, even though not all knees are the same. As a result, mechanical alignment often alters a patient's constitutional alignment and joint line obliquity, resulting in soft-tissue imbalance. This annotation provides an overview of how the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification can be used to predict imbalance with mechanical alignment, and then offers practical guidance for bone balancing, minimizing the need for soft-tissue releases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J MacDessi
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Knee Specialists, Kogarah, Australia
| | | | - Jil A Wood
- Sydney Knee Specialists, Kogarah, Australia
| | | | - Johan Bellemans
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia
- University Hasselt, ZOL Hospitals Genk, ArthroClinic Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Darren B Chen
- CPAK Research Group, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Knee Specialists, Kogarah, Australia
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2
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Oh SM, Bin SI, Kim JM, Lee BS, Lee J, Bae K. Limb length change after total knee arthroplasty for valgus deformity does not affect the clinical score and is not affected by fixed flexion deformity. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2024; 110:103787. [PMID: 38070733 DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2023.103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limb length change (LLC) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is especially significant in valgus deformity. The higher LLC could cause higher incidences of lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) and low clinical score. However, studies about LLC after TKA for valgus deformity are limited, and there are none on the relationship between LLC and fixed flexion deformity (FFD) in valgus deformity. HYPOTHESIS (1) The amount of LLC would affect the postoperative LLD, (2) the improvement of fixed flexion deformity (FFD) would affect the amount of LLC, (3) The amount of LLC would affect the improvement in the clinical score after TKA for valgus deformity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty knees of 50 patients who underwent primary unilateral TKA for valgus-type osteoarthritis between January 2000 and October 2021 were included. A radiological and clinical assessment were performed the day before the operation and at 12 months post-operatively. Full-length standing anteroposterior radiographs were used to measure HKA and LLC. FFD and Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score were measured in the outpatient department. RESULTS The incidence of lengthening was 92.0% and the mean LLC was 18.85mm (SD, 19.60mm). Postoperative LLD over 10mm occurred in 26% and the mean of postoperative LLD was 4.21mm (SD, 7.96mm). The LLC was correlated with postoperative LLD (rs=0.357, p=0.011) and the HKA change (rs=0.375, p=0.007), but not with the FFD improvement (rs=0.164, p=0.255) and HSS improvement (rs=0.076, p=0.613) or postoperative HSS (rs=0.094, p=0.528). CONCLUSION LLC was affected by HKA improvement but not by FFD improvement after TKA for patients with valgus deformity. Additionally, LLC did not affect the clinical score. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III; retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Mok Oh
- Department of Orthopedic surgery, Barun Hospital, 145, Yeouidaebang-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Il Bin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505 Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505 Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum-Sik Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jongjin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505 Seoul, Korea
| | - Kinam Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, 05505 Seoul, Korea
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Bayoumi T, Ten Noever de Brauw GV, Ruderman LV, van der List JP, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Zuiderbaan HA, Pearle AD. Magnitude of Change in Leg Length and Clinical Impact Following Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 2024; 39:68-75. [PMID: 37479193 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Change in leg length and leg-length discrepancy (LLD) are common concerns among patients undergoing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). This study aimed to quantify the magnitude of leg-length change, prevalence of postoperative LLD, and their clinical implications following medial UKA. METHODS Leg length and mechanical hip-knee-ankle angle (mHKA) were retrospectively measured in 332 patients following unilateral robotic-arm assisted medial UKA for medial compartment osteoarthritis, using calibrated long-leg radiographs. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Otcome Score for Joint Replacement and patient satisfaction were analyzed to assess impact of leg-length change and LLD on outcomes. RESULTS Following medial UKA, median leg-length change was 2.0 mm (interquartile range, -1.0 to 5.0 mm; P < .001) with a mean correction in mHKA of 4.4° ± 2.7 (P < .001). A total of 158 patients (48%) had a leg-length increase by 0 to 5 mm, 64 (19%) by 6 to 10 mm, and 11 (3%) by >10 mm. Leg-length change was positively correlated with mHKA correction (R = 0.44, P < .001). Postoperatively, moderate (5 to 10 mm) and substantial LLD (≥10 mm) were present in 49% and 17% of patients, respectively. Four-year Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement were comparable between patients with and without substantial postoperative LLD (P = .976). Proportions of satisfied patients were similar between groups (P = .687). CONCLUSION Following medial UKA, the majority of patients had a moderate increase in leg length, the magnitude of which was positively correlated to the correction in mechanical alignment. Postoperative substantial LLD was not uncommon (17% prevalence); however, it had no significant impact on patient-reported outcomes or satisfaction at 4 years follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Bayoumi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Computer Assisted Surgery Center & Sports Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby V Ten Noever de Brauw
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Computer Assisted Surgery Center & Sports Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey V Ruderman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Computer Assisted Surgery Center & Sports Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jelle P van der List
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik A Zuiderbaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medische Kliniek Velsen, Velsen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Pearle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, Computer Assisted Surgery Center & Sports Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
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Hafez MA, Mosa M, Abdelaal A, Moghny A, Makram AM. The difference in leg lengths following total knee replacement for patients with severe osteoarthritic deformity. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:3001-3006. [PMID: 37648764 PMCID: PMC10673729 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased height after total knee replacement surgery (TKR) may offer patients higher satisfaction as well as the quality of life. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to document the changes in leg length after TKR in patients with severe bilateral deformities. METHODS The data of 61 patients were collected from the Egyptian Community Arthroplasty Register; of them, 21 patients had unilateral TKR while 40 had bilateral simultaneous TKR. The patterns of changes in height of 101 osteoarthritic knees were followed up for 1 year after having TKR. All patients had standing leg X-rays, before and after surgery, to document the length of the femur and tibia before and after TKR. Correlations were assessed using the two-sample t-test. RESULTS The sample was mostly females (56/61, 91.8%). The distribution of the operated side was nearly equal (right knee was 47/101, 46.5%). The overall average leg length difference was 5.4 (SD = 2.3); for the unilateral group, the average was 4.6 (SD = 2.6); and for the bilateral group, the average was 5.6 (SD = 2.3), p = 0.119. We found that leg length may differ according to the varus deformity angle (p < 0.001) as well as fixed flexion deformity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Leg length increased significantly 1 year after TKR. However, there is not enough evidence to suggest that the bilateral group had a greater height increase when compared to the unilateral group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Hafez
- The Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Mosa
- The Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelaal
- The Orthopaedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Moghny
- The Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Makram
- The Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
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Xie T, Jiao X, Yao X, Li Z, An S, Cao G. How much the leg length has changed after the MOUKA through measurement of the full length radiographs? Beware of splicing error. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:343. [PMID: 37138280 PMCID: PMC10155376 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leg length change after knee arthroplasty is one of the most concerned problems for patients and doctors. However, as there was only one literture focused on the leg length change after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, we aimed to clarify the leg length change after medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (MOUKA) using a novel double calibration method. METHODS We enrolled patients who underwent MOUKA and had taken full-length radiographs in a standing position prior to and at 3 months after the operation. We eliminated the magnification by a calibrator and corrected the longitudinal splicing error by measuring the femur and tibia lengths before and after operation. Perceived leg length change was collected 3 months after operation. Bearing thickness, preoperative joint line convergence angle, preoperative and postoperative varus angles, flexion contracture and Oxford knee score (OKS) were also collected. RESULTS From June 2021 to February 2022, 87 patients were enrolled.76 (87.4%) of them showed an increase with an average of 0.32 cm (range from -0.30 cm to 1.05 cm) in leg length change. The lengthening was strongly correlated with the degree of varus deformity and its correction value (r = 0.81&0.92, P < 0.01). Only 4 (4.6%) patients perceived leg length lengthening after operation. There was no difference in OKS between the patients who had an increase in leg length and those who had a decrease (P = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Majority of patients only experienced a slight increase in leg length after MOUKA, and such an increase did not affect patients' perception and short-term function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xufeng Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Center for Clinical Practice Guideline Conduction and Evaluation, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Cheng L, Ren P, Zheng Q, Ni M, Geng L, Wang Y, Zhang G. Implication of Changes in the Imaging Measurements after Mechanically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:3322-3329. [PMID: 36324288 PMCID: PMC9732610 DOI: 10.1111/os.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imaging measurements allow assessment of the mechanical alignment before and after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The changes in radiographic parameters in each period of time within 1 year after TKA has been poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the timing and causes of imaging changes in lower extremity force lines after total knee arthroplasty with mechanical alignment. METHODS A total of 93 mechanically-aligned TKA were radiographically examined before, 3 days, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery. Radiographic parameters included hip-knee angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), knee joint line orientation (KJLO), ankle joint line orientation (AJLO), the knee joint line relative to ankle joint line angle (KJLTA) and midpoints of the ankle distance (MAD). Paired t-test were used to analyze the changes of these imaging parameters, By establishing a simple tibial model, the time points of changes in the imaging parameters after TKA was determined, with an attempt to understand the post-TKA changes in these imaging parameters. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were found between the preoperative data and the data measured 3 days after surgery in HKA, LDFA, MPTA, MAD, KJLTA, AJLO (P < 0.05) while KJLO exhibited no significant difference (P = 0.089). There existed significant differences between the data measured 3 days and the measurements taken 3 months after operation in HKA, MPTA, KJLTA, KJLO, AJLO (P < 0.05), whereas LDFA and MAD showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). Significant differences were revealed between the data measured 3 months and those collected 1 year after surgery in LDFA, MPTA, AJLO, KJLTA (P < 0.05) but HKA, KJLO, AJLO showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). The tibial model was made to look into the changes in postoperative imaging parameters. ΔMAD and postoperative AJLO were calculated to verify the model and hypothesis. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative changes in radiographic parameters and tibial models showed that the lower extremities were in an unnatural state within 1 year after TKA. The changes in the lower extremities force line were the results of the gradual adaptation of the lower extremities to TKA and the lateral swing of the extremities (3°) after surgery. Imaging data 1 year after surgery should be taken into account in the explanation of post-TKA changes in lower limb force lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Cheng
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Peng Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Qingyuan Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lei Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina,Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Medical CenterChinese People's Liberation Army General HospitalBeijingChina
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7
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Pradhan SS, Tripathy SK, Jain M, Behera H, Velagada S, Srinivasan A. Impact of limb length discrepancy on functional outcome in total knee arthroplasty patients: a prospective cohort study. ARTHROPLASTY 2022; 4:22. [PMID: 35650655 PMCID: PMC9161586 DOI: 10.1186/s42836-022-00123-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limb length alteration following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been under-reported. Few studies have shown a significant association between limb length discrepancy (LLD) and poor functional outcome. This prospective study evaluated the impact of radiographic and perceived LLD on functional outcome in TKA. The variables affecting LLD were also evaluated. Methods The preoperative and postoperative limb lengths of TKA patients (112 knees, 81 patients, KL grade ≥ 3) were measured in full-length digital radiographs. The Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angles were also measured. The functional outcome (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) and perception about LLD were evaluated after six months. Results The mean preoperative radiographic LLD in the unilateral and bilateral TKA groups was 0.75 cm ± 0.60 cm and 0.58 cm ± 0.52 cm (P = 0.197), respectively. Similarly, postoperative LLD was 0.76 cm ± 0.85 cm in the unilateral group and was 0.59 cm ± 0.92 cm (P = 0.402) in the bilateral group. Only 19.7% of patients had postoperative radiographic LLD of ≥ 10 mm, and 80.2% of patients had LLD of < 10 mm. The functional outcome was significantly affected when LLD exceeded 10 mm (correlation coefficient 0.54, P < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed no significant effects of age, sex, height, weight, BMI, preoperative LLD and difference in deformity between the limbs on postoperative LLD. 34.5% of patients perceived LLD in the preoperative period, which decreased to 3.7% in the postoperative period. Perceived LLD did not correlate to radiographic LLD and functional outcome. Conclusions There is no significant difference in radiographic LLD between unilateral and bilateral TKA. The functional outcome is adversely affected by radiographic LLD of ≥ 10 mm. Age, sex, BMI, preoperative LLD and difference in deformity angle do not affect the LLD. About one-third of patients perceive LLD in the preoperative period, which improves significantly after TKA. Levels of evidence II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujit Kumar Tripathy
- Dept. of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India.
| | - Mantu Jain
- Dept. of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
| | - Hrudeswar Behera
- Dept. of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
| | - Sandeep Velagada
- Dept. of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
| | - Anand Srinivasan
- Dept. of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar-751019, India
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Chalmers BP, LaGreca M, Addona J, Sculco PK, Haas SB, Mayman DJ. Characterizing the Magnitude of and Risk Factors for Functional Limb Lengthening in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. HSS J 2022; 18:271-276. [PMID: 35645637 PMCID: PMC9097002 DOI: 10.1177/15563316211009140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is little data on the magnitude and factors for functional leg lengthening after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Questions/Purpose: We sought to determine the incidence of and risk factors for functional leg lengthening after primary TKA. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive unilateral primary TKAs at a single institution from 2015 to 2018. Of the 782 TKAs included, 430 (55%) were performed in women; the mean age was 66 years, and the mean body mass index was 29 kg/m2. Preoperatively, 541 (69%) knees were varus deformities and 223 (29%) were valgus deformities. Hip to ankle biplanar radiographs were obtained preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively for all patients. Two independent researchers measured leg length, coronal plane deformity, lateral knee flexion angle, and overall mechanical alignment on all preoperative and postoperative radiographs. Results: The mean overall ipsilateral functional leg lengthening was 7.0 mm. Seven hundred knees (90%) were overall functionally lengthened, including 462 (59%) knees lengthened >5 mm and 250 (31%) knees lengthened 10 mm or more. A valgus deformity and coronal plane deformity of 10° or more were significant risk factors for increased functional lengthening. Patients with severe valgus deformities (>10°) had the largest amount of functional lengthening, at a mean of 13.5 mm. Conclusion: After primary TKA, 90% of limbs are functionally lengthened, including roughly one-third over a centimeter. Valgus knee deformities and severe deformities (>10°) were significant risk factors for increased limb lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Chalmers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult
Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA,Brian P. Chalmers, MD, Department of
Orthopedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for
Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Mark LaGreca
- Department of Medicine, Philadelphia
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter K. Sculco
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult
Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Steve B. Haas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult
Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
| | - David J. Mayman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult
Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY,
USA
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9
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Lee HJ, Kim SH, Pujol N, Park YB. Total Knee Arthroplasty after Previous Ipsilateral Hip Arthroplasty Showed Lower Clinical Outcomes and Higher Leg Length Discrepancy Perception. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:375-383. [PMID: 32838456 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare perception of leg length discrepancy (LLD) and clinical results of total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in patients with or without previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Between 2008 and 2015, navigation-assisted TKA was performed in 43 patients with previous hip arthroplasty after hip fracture. After 1:3 propensity score matching was performed, 108 patients of primary navigation-assisted TKA (group 1) and 36 patients with hip arthroplasty (group 2) were included. Knee Society (KS) scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC) scores, and patients' satisfaction including perception of LLD were evaluated. Radiographic evaluation included mechanical axis, component position, and LLD. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find the factors that affect the clinical outcomes. No significant differences in radiologic and clinical evaluations, except for KS function score, patient's satisfaction and LLD (p< 0.001), were detected between the groups. LLD and its perception were significantly higher in group 2 (1.8 ± 3.4 mm in group 1 and 9.7 ± 4.1 mm in group 2, p = 0.000). Risk factors for the low KS function score were found as LLD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.403, p = 0.008) and previous hip arthroplasty itself (OR: 15.755, p = 0.002), but much higher OR was found in previous hip arthroplasty. Although the outcomes of TKA in patients with ipsilateral hip arthroplasty are comparable to those of primary TKA, LLD was high and patient's satisfaction and functional outcomes were low in patients with previous ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Care should be taken when considering TKA in patients with previous hip arthroplasty. This is a Level III, case control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jun Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyundae General Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Nicolas Pujol
- Department of Orthopedic, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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10
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Michalik R, Rissel V, Migliorini F, Siebers HL, Betsch M. Biomechanical evaluation and comparison of clinically relevant versus non-relevant leg length inequalities. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:174. [PMID: 35197042 PMCID: PMC8867730 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leg length inequalities are a frequent condition in every population. It is common clinical practice to consider LLIs of 2 cm and more as relevant and to treat those. However, the amount of LLIs that need treatment is not clearly defined in literature and the effect of real LLIs on the musculoskeletal system above and below 2 cm have not been studied biomechanically before. METHODS By using surface topography, we evaluated 32 patients (10 females, 22 male) with real LLIs of ≥ 2 cm (mean: 2.72 cm; n = 10) and compared their pelvic position and spinal posture to patients with LLIs < 2 cm (mean: 1.24 cm; n = 22) while standing and walking. All patients were measured with a surface topography system during standing and while walking on a treadmill. To compare patient groups, we used Student t-tests for independent samples. RESULTS Pelvic obliquity was significantly higher in patients with LLI ≥ 2 cm during the standing trial (p = 0.045) and during the midstance phase of the longer leg (p = 0.023) while walking. Further measurements did not reveal any significant differences (p = 0.06-0.706). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest that relevant LLIs of ≥ 2 cm mostly affect pelvic obliquity and do not lead to significant alterations in the spinal posture during a standing trial. Additionally, we demonstrated that LLIs are better compensated when walking, showing almost no significant differences in pelvic and spinal posture between patients with LLIs smaller and greater than 2 cm. This study shows that LLIs ≥ 2 cm can still be compensated; however, we do not know if the compensation mechanisms may lead to long-term clinical pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Michalik
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Viola Rissel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hannah Lena Siebers
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Siebers HL, Eschweiler J, Michalik R, Migliorini F, Tingart M, Betsch M. Biomechanical compensation mechanisms during stair climbing - The effect of leg length inequalities. Gait Posture 2022; 91:290-296. [PMID: 34798420 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stair climbing is a complex and demanding daily activity with increased physical loads. Therefore, analyzing stair climbing abilities is a frequently used diagnostic tool. Leg length inequalities (LLIs) are a common condition in the population, with individual consequences like lower back pain, scoliosis, and osteoarthritis. Despite its high prevalence, the necessary treatment, for mild LLIs, is still controversial. Previously, the focus was to analyze the effects of LLIs during static standing and walking. To create a holistic view on the dynamic effects of LLIs, and since climbing stairs produces a similar biomechanical imbalance as LLIs, the compensation mechanics during stair climbing are of special interest. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the biomechanical compensation mechanisms of (simulated) LLIs during ascending and descending stairs? METHODS Thirty-five healthy participants were measured with the inertial measurement system MyoMotion during stair climbing with simulated LLIs of 0-3 cm. The maximum estimated lower limb joint angles of the long and short leg were analyzed with statistically repeated measurement models. RESULTS The long leg showed significantly increased hip and knee flexion, while the short leg showed decreased hip and knee flexion, decreased dorsiflexion, and significantly increased plantarflexion. Different mechanisms were found in the case of 1 cm LLI when compared to greater LLIs. In the former, increased hip and knee flexion in the short leg accompanied by increased dorsiflexion in the long leg was observed. In the latter, the dorsiflexion of the long leg was reduced. SIGNIFICANCE Except for the reduced dorsiflexion of the long leg (LLI >1 cm), during stair climbing compared compensation mechanisms as during walking were presented, with the long leg functionally shortened and the short leg lengthened. Although the feet were already on different levels, during stair climbing with the step-over-step technique, significant compensation mechanisms were found as a consequence of LLIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lena Siebers
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Michalik
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Incidence, Injury Mechanisms, and Recovery of Iatrogenic Nerve Injuries During Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2021; 29:e940-e949. [PMID: 34464359 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Iatrogenic nerve injury is a rare but potentially devastating complication in total joint arthroplasty of the hip and the knee. Multiple previous studies have evaluated the incidence, mechanisms of injury, recovery, and potential treatments for this complication. Injury in total hip arthroplasty generally involves direct injury of sensory nerves from the incision, direct or traction injury of during exposure, or limb lengthening. Injury in total knee arthroplasty generally involves direct injury of sensory nerves from incision, injury due to errant placement of retractors, during balancing, or from traction because of deformity correction. Treatment of iatrogenic nerve injuries has ranged from observation, intraoperative prevention by nerve monitoring, limb shortening postoperatively, medications, and decompression. The orthopaedic surgeon should be versed in these etiologies to advise their patients on the incidence of injury, to prevent occurrence by understanding risky intraoperative maneuvers, and to select appropriate interventions when nerve injuries occur.
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Zhao FC, Zheng L, Hui ZG, Xu SZ, Liu L, Lu Y. Leg-Length Change After Unilateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Varus Knee and Its Clinical Implications. J Arthroplasty 2021; 36:1262-1268.e1. [PMID: 33214015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the magnitude of leg-length change after the unilateral index unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in varus knee and its influence on clinical outcomes. METHODS A total of 114 patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis who underwent unilateral UKA from June 2015 to June 2017 were included and followed up for at least 2 years. The leg length and hip-knee angle were measured on full-length standing films before and after the surgery. Flexion contracture was evaluated using a goniometer with the patient in the standing position preoperatively and postoperatively. Hospital for Special Surgery scores, perceived leg-length discrepancy (pLLD), the occurrence, and the time interval of subsequent contralateral knee arthroplasty were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS The average leg length increased after UKA was 9.39 ± 11.24 mm (range -21.00 to 33.79 mm), and 90 (78.9%) patients showed an increase in the leg length. 35 patients had LLD (defined as ≥10 mm), and 25 presented pLLD preoperatively; 25 patients had LLD, and 45 were suspected with pLLD postoperatively. At the last follow-up, 26 patients underwent subsequent contralateral knee arthroplasty. Postoperative LLD and pLLD were not associated with Hospital for Special Surgery scores of UKA but associated with subsequent contralateral knee arthroplasty. CONCLUSIONS LLD and pLLD were common in patients both before and after UKA. Most patients showed leg lengthening after UKA. Postoperative LLD and pLLD were not associated with functional scores but associated with a subsequent contralateral knee arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Z G Hui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Traditional Chinese Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
| | - S Z Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Limb Lengthening after Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Customized Patient-Specific Instrumentation Does Not Affect Expected Limb Lengthening. Adv Orthop 2021; 2021:5573319. [PMID: 33688438 PMCID: PMC7925019 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5573319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Expectations for limb length differences after TKA are important for patient perception and outcomes. Limb length discrepancies may occur due to postoperative leg length increases, which can lead to decreased patient functionality and satisfaction and even possible litigation. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and extent of limb lengthening among various preoperative deformities and between two different implant systems. Methods Preoperative and postoperative full-length standing radiographs were obtained between August 2018 and August 2019 to measure mechanical axis and limb length of operative limbs. Demographic information such as age, sex, and BMI was also collected. Patients were grouped into categories for pre- and postoperative subgroup analysis: valgus, varus, customized implant, and conventional implant. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate significant relationships. Results Of the 121 primary TKAs analyzed, 62% of the knees showed an increase in limb length after TKA, with an average lengthening of 5.32 mm. Preoperative varus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 3.14 mm, while preoperative valgus alignment was associated with a mean lengthening of 16.2 mm. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences in limb lengths pre- and postoperatively (p = 0.23) and no significant changes in limb length for any subgroup. Further, no variables were associated with limb length changes (p = 0.49), including the use of customized implants (p = 0.2). Conclusions Limb lengthening after TKA is common and, on average, occurs more significantly in valgus knees. No significant difference in limb lengthening could be demonstrated using customized over conventional implants. Preoperative counseling is important to manage patient expectations.
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Tripathy SK, Pradhan SS, Varghese P, Purudappa PP, Velagada S, Goyal T, Panda BB, Vanyambadi J. Limb length discrepancy after total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:357-371. [PMID: 33521103 PMCID: PMC7812892 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limb length discrepancy (LLD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been considered as one of the reasons for the unsatisfactory outcome. However, there is no consensus about the extent of LLD that can be considered as clinically relevant.
AIM To evaluate the incidence of radiographic LLD and its impact on functional outcome following TKA.
METHODS All randomized-controlled trial and observational studies on LLD in TKA, published till 22nd June 2020, were systematically searched and reviewed. The primary outcome was “limb lengthening or LLD after TKA”. The secondary outcomes included “assessment of LLD in varus/valgus deformity” and “impact of LLD on the functional outcome”.
RESULTS Of 45 retrieved studies, qualitative and quantitative assessment of data was performed from eight studies and six studies, respectively. Five studies (n = 1551) reported the average limb lengthening of 5.98 mm. The LLD after TKA was ranging from 0.4 ± 10 mm to 15.3 ± 2.88 mm. The incidence of postoperative radiographic LLD was reported in 44% to 83.3% of patients. There was no difference in the preoperative and postoperative LLD (MD -1.23; 95%CI: -3.72, 1.27; P = 0.34). Pooled data of two studies (n = 219) revealed significant limb lengthening in valgus deformity than varus (MD -2.69; 95%CI: -5.11, 0.27; P = 0.03). The pooled data of three studies (n = 611) showed significantly worse functional outcome in patients with LLD of ≥ 10 mm compared to < 10 mm (standard MD 0.58; 95%CI: 0.06, 1.10; P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION Limb lengthening after TKA is common, and it is significantly more in valgus than varus deformity. Significant LLD (≥ 10 mm) is associated with suboptimal functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar Tripathy
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | | | - Paulson Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sandeep Velagada
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Tarun Goyal
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda 209201, India
| | | | - Jagadeesh Vanyambadi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, United Kingdom
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Khalifa AA, Mullaji AB, Gendy AN, Ahmed AM, Bakr HM, Khalifa YE, Abdelaal AM. Prediction of leg length change (LLC) after correcting varus and flexion deformity in patients undergoing TKA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2021; 31:1199-1205. [PMID: 33423113 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with varus and fixed flexion deformity (FFD) undergoing TKA may have a significant leg length change (LLC) after surgery. We aimed to determine the correlation between changes in HKA or FFD and leg length in patients undergoing TKA, the combined effect of coronal and sagittal plane deformity correction on LLC, and the possibility of estimating LLC mathematically. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective radiographic evaluation of 242 knees, which had undergone primary unilateral TKA for advanced OA with varus and FFD. Full-length standing calibrated anteroposterior radiographs were used to measure the hip-knee-ankle axis (HKA) and functional leg length after adjusting for magnification. Clinical evaluation of FFD was done using a handheld goniometer. RESULTS 224 knees (92.6%) showed increased limb length after TKA averaging 10.7 mm (SD 9.5 mm, P = .000). There was a significant correlation between the change in HKA and FFD from preoperatively to postoperatively with the amount of LLC (ρ 0.326 and 0.346, respectively, P = .000). FFD improvement from preoperatively to postoperatively was 8.1° to 1° (P = .000), respectively. A linear relationship was established between LLC and changes in HKA and FFD, where 10° improvement in HKA would result in an LLC of nearly 4 mm, and 10° improvement in FFD would result in a LLC of nearly 8 mm. CONCLUSION LLC may be substantial after correcting varus and FFD with unilateral TKA, it correlates with the change in HKA and FFD and can be mathematically estimated. CLINICAL TRIALS . GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03502382.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Khalifa
- Orthopaedic Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. .,Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
| | | | - Abanoub Nagaty Gendy
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Ahmed
- Orthopaedic Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hatem M Bakr
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Yaser E Khalifa
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdelaal
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
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Sabir AB, Faizan M, Ishtiaq M, Jilani LZ, Ahmed S, Shaan ZH. Limb length discrepancy after total knee arthroplasty: Unilateral versus bilateral, a comparative study at tertiary centre. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:S740-S745. [PMID: 32999549 PMCID: PMC7503143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We conducted a prospective study to find out change in limb length (lengthening/shortening) after total knee arthroplsty in unilateral and bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) because few literature is available regarding limb length discrepancy in TKA in comparison to total hip arthroplasty. Limb length discrepancy (LLD) may lead to low back pain and gait abnormalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS We divided 58 patients into two groups: Group A (28 patients) includes patients who underwent unilateral TKA and Group B (30 patients) includes patients who underwent bilateral TKA. We assessed the patients clinico-radiologically in terms of limb length (supine position), deformity, Sagital-flexion deformity/extensor lag, coronal - varus/valgus, range of motion, knee stability, patellar tracking and Hip-knee-ankle angle preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS In group A, mean limb length difference (operated limb gained length as compared to unoperated limb) was 1.11 cm. Out of 22 patients (78%) in whom limb length discrepancy was present, only 7 patients (31%) having limb length discrepancy perceived it. In group B, mean limb length difference was 1.03 cm. Fourteen patients (47%) in group B had LLD but none of them perceived it. Clinically 22 patients (78%) in group A and 14 patients (47%) in group B had LLD. Radiologically 25 patients (89%) in group A and 22 patients (73%) in group B had LLD. Out of the 7 patients who perceived LLD, all had LLD radiologically too. CONCLUSION We reckoned that limb length discrepancy is more common in unilateral TKA. Limb length discrepancy of 2 cm or more is perceived by the patients operated for unilateral TKA. But in bilateral TKA, none of the patient perceived LLD because in this group LLD was less than 2 cm. Limb length discrepancy may leads to dissatisfaction of the patients and poor functional outcome.
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Limb length discrepancy after total knee arthroplasty may contribute to suboptimal functional results. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2020; 30:1199-1204. [DOI: 10.1007/s00590-020-02683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Klem NR, Kent P, Smith A, Dowsey M, Fary R, Schütze R, O'Sullivan P, Choong P, Bunzli S. Satisfaction after total knee replacement for osteoarthritis is usually high, but what are we measuring? A systematic review. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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