Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision Surgery: Impact of Morbidity on Perioperative Outcomes

Factors related to deep vein thrombosis as a complication of post-total hip arthroplasty patients: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant complication following total hip arthroplasty (THA), leading to morbidity and mortality. The incidence of DVT in THA varies, with reported rates ranging from 12 to 23% in Europe and North America. The risk of DVT is compounded by pulmonary embolism, making prevention essential. Despite advancements in perioperative care, venous thromboembolism remains a major concern, necessitating improved preventive measures and risk stratification models.

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases with the keywords "total hip arthroplasty," "deep vein thrombosis," and "risk." Studies examining DVT risk factors in THA patients were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The search followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure methodological rigor and minimize bias.

RESULTS

Nine studies identified significant risk factors for DVT following THA. Advanced age, elevated D-dimer levels, and malnutrition were notable preoperative risks. Additional factors included BMI ≥ 28, diabetes, bilateral replacements, prolonged surgery duration, and cemented prostheses. Recent studies highlighted chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure as independent predictors, emphasizing the need for preoperative cardiopulmonary assessment. Hip function was not associated with preoperative DVT.

CONCLUSION

Multiple factors influence DVT risk post-THA. Identifying these risks enables targeted interventions to reduce DVT incidence. Tailored prophylactic strategies, including individualized anticoagulation and enhanced mobilization protocols, should be prioritized. Further research is needed to refine prevention strategies.

Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty in Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Analysis

BACKGROUND

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common surgical intervention for patients who have seronegative spondyloarthropathies (SpA). However, there is a paucity of literature addressing the outcomes of THA specifically in SpA patients. This study aimed to investigate both the short-term and long-term systemic and orthopaedic outcomes of THA in SpA patients as a whole, as well as within the individual subtypes of SpA.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study used a federated health research network, identifying 3,074 SpA patients who underwent THA between 2005 and 2022. Propensity score matching was used to compare SpA and non-SpA patients, balancing baseline characteristics. Short-term (30 days, 180 days, and 1 year) and long-term (5 years) postoperative complications were analyzed. The outcomes included systemic and joint complications. Chi-square analyses were done to compare outcomes across categorical data.

RESULTS

The SpA patients had increased rates of revision THA, prosthetic dislocation, periprosthetic joint infection, and aseptic loosening at various postoperative intervals. Surgical site infections and myocardial infarctions were more frequent at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year. Additionally, SpA patients exhibited a higher incidence of deep vein thrombosis at 6 months and 1 year. Subtype analysis revealed that ankylosing spondylitis patients were more likely to have revision surgery and prosthetic dislocation, while psoriatic arthritis patients had a lower risk of hip dislocation and femur fractures.

CONCLUSIONS

The SpA patients undergoing THA are at greater risk for systemic and orthopaedic complications compared to non-SpA patients. The increased incidence of infections, thromboembolic events, and prosthetic issues highlights the need for careful preoperative assessment and postoperative management.

Impact of fixation method on femoral bone loss: a retrospective evaluation of stem loosening in first-time revision total hip arthroplasty among two hundred and fifty five patients

PURPOSE

Implant loosening represent the most common indication for stem revision in hip revision arthroplasty. This study compares femoral bone loss and the risk of initial revisions between cemented and uncemented loosened primary stems, investigating the impact of fixation method at primary implantation on femoral bone defects.

METHODS

This retrospective study reviewed 255 patients who underwent their first revision for stem loosening from 2010 to 2022, receiving either cemented or uncemented stem implants. Femoral bone loss was preoperatively measured using the Paprosky classification through radiographic evaluations. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the survival probability of the original stem, and the hazard ratio assessed the relative risk of revision for uncemented versus cemented stems in the first postoperative year and the following two to ten years.

RESULTS

Cemented stems showed a higher prevalence of significant bone loss (type 3b and 4 defects: 32.39% vs. 2.72%, p < .001) compared to uncemented stems, which more commonly had type 1 and 2 defects (82.07% vs. 47.89%, p < .001). In our analysis of revision cases, primary uncemented stems demonstrated a 20% lower incidence of stem loosening in the first year post-implantation compared to cemented stems (HR 0.8; 95%-CI 0.3-2.0). However, the incidence in uncemented stems increased by 20% during the subsequent years two to ten (HR 1.2; 95%-CI 0.7-1.8). Septic loosening was more common in cemented stems (28.17% vs. 10.87% in uncemented stems, p = .001). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a modestly longer revision-free period for cemented stems within the first ten years post-implantation (p < .022).

CONCLUSION

During first-time revision, cemented stems show significantly larger femoral bone defects than uncemented stems. Septic stem loosening occurred 17.30% more in cemented stems.

Effect of Fracture Type, Treatment, and Surgeon Training on Reoperation After Vancouver B Periprosthetic Femur Fractures

BACKGROUND

The treatment of Vancouver B periprosthetic proximal femur fractures (PPFFs) is complex due to the overlap between arthroplasty and orthopedic trauma techniques. Our purpose was to assess the effects of fracture type, treatment difference, and surgeon training on the risk of reoperation in Vancouver B PPFF.

METHODS

A collaborative research consortium of 11 centers retrospectively reviewed PPFFs from 2014 to 2019 to determine the effects of variations in surgeon expertise, fracture type, and treatment on surgical reoperation. Surgeons were classified as per fellowship training, fractures using the Vancouver classification, and treatment as open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or revision total hip arthroplasty with or without ORIF. Regression analyses were performed with reoperation as the primary outcome.

RESULTS

Fracture type (Vancouver B3 versus B1: odds ratio [OR]: 5.70) was an independent risk factor for reoperation. No differences were found in reoperation rates with treatment (ORIF versus revision: OR 0.92, P = .883). Treatment by a nonarthroplasty-trained surgeon versus an arthroplasty specialist led to higher odds of reoperation in all Vancouver B fracture (OR: 2.87, P = .023); however, no significant differences were seen in the Vancouver B2 group alone (OR: 2.61, P = .139). Age was a significant risk factor for reoperation in all Vancouver B fractures (OR: 0.97, P = .004) and in the B2 fractures alone (OR: 0.96, P = .007).

CONCLUSION

Our study suggests that age and fracture type affect reoperation rates. Treatment type did not affect reoperation rates and the effect of surgeon training is unclear.

Orthopedics-Related Applications of Ultrafast Laser and Its Recent Advances

The potential of ultrafast lasers (pico- to femtosecond) in orthopedics-related procedures has been studied extensively for clinical adoption. As compared to conventional laser systems with continuous wave or longer wave pulse, ultrafast lasers provide advantages such as higher precision and minimal collateral thermal damages. Translation to surgical applications in the clinic has been restrained by limitations of material removal rate and pulse average power, whereas the use in surface texturing of implants has become more refined to greatly improve bioactivation and osteointegration within bone matrices. With recent advances, we review the advantages and limitations of ultrafast lasers, specifically in orthopedic bone ablation as well as bone implant laser texturing, and consider the difficulties encountered within orthopedic surgical applications where ultrafast lasers could provide a benefit. We conclude by proposing our perspectives on applications where ultrafast lasers could be of advantage, specifically due to the non-thermal nature of ablation and control of cutting.

Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Solid Organ Transplant Patients: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study for Aseptic and Infected Revisions

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated that solid organ transplant (SOT) patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) are at an increased risk of postoperative complications. The purpose of this study is to use a large, national database to investigate revision THA (rTHA) outcomes in SOT patients.

Methods

Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) from 2010-2018 was used, and ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify all patients who underwent rTHA, including those with history of SOT. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to analyze rTHA outcomes in SOT patients comparted to matched controls. Separate analysis performed for patients undergoing rTHA for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) vs other causes.

Results

A total of 414,756 rTHA, with 1837 of those being performed in SOT patients, were identified. Of these, 65,961 and 276 were performed for PJI in non-SOT and SOT patients, respectively. For non-PJI patients, SOT patients had higher 90-day all-cause readmission rates (24.0% vs 19.4%, P = .03) but lower rate for readmission related to rTHA (6.0% vs 9.2%, P = .03), but no difference readmission for specific rTHA complications, mortality (0.6% vs 1.3%, P = .20), or revision rTHA. Of PJI patients, SOT patients had no difference in overall 90-day readmission (38.6 vs 31.3%, P = .280), readmission for specific rTHA complications, re-revision, or mortality (4.7% vs 6.0%, P = .63).

Conclusions

SOT patients undergoing rTHA for aseptic reasons are higher risk of overall readmission but lower risk of readmission related to rTHA than appropriately matched controls. SOT PJI patients undergoing had similar rates of readmission, mortality, and revision surgery compared to matched non-SOT PJI patients.

Influence of Anxiety/Depression, Age, Gender and ASA on 1-Year Follow-Up Outcomes Following Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in 5447 Patients

Introduction: There are many factors influencing the outcome after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). In particular, patient-related factors such as age, gender, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists), or preoperative anxiety/depression have become increasingly important. The aim of this study was to examine the association of these parameters with 1-year postoperative outcomes after total knee and total hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA). Methods: A retrospective cohort of 5447 TJA patients was evaluated by pre- and postoperative analysis of EQ-5D, EQ-VAS and WOMAC Score. Furthermore, major focus was put on the association between age, gender, ASA, preoperative anxiety/depression and outcome parameters. Results: 53.3% (2903/5447) of all patients were identified with anxiety/depression at time of surgery. In the analysis, patients without anxiety/depression showed statistically significantly (p < 0.05) better EQ-5D, EQ-VAS and WOMAC scores. In addition, patients with ASA 2 or 3 and age over 70 years showed statistically significantly (p < 0.01) worse EQ-5D and WOMAC scores. Gender did not influence the postoperative EQ-5D and WOMAC results, but men had significantly better EQ-VAS scores than women in this study. Conclusion: Preoperative anxiety/depression symptoms show worse clinical outcomes 1 year postoperatively after TJA. Other outcome-influencing factors are higher age and ASA 2 or 3. In the future, such patients should be identified, and as far as applicable, a treatment of anxiety/depression or comorbidities should be implemented preoperatively of the surgical procedure to improve clinical outcomes.

The deep vein thrombosis of lower limb after total hip arthroplasty: what should we care

Background

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limb is one of the common complications after total hip arthroplasty(THA), we aimed to evaluate the potential risk factors of DVT of lower limb in patients with THA, to provide insights into the management of THA.

Methods

Patients who underwent THA in our hospital from January 1, 2017 to November 30, 2020 were included. The personal characteristics and clinical data of DVT and no-DVT patients were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were perfomed to identify the potential risk factors of DVT in patients with THA.

Results

A total of 182 THA patients were included, the incidence of DVT of lower limb in patients with THA was 19.78 %. There were significant differences in the age, BMI, diabetes, number of replacement, duration of surgery, type of prosthesis and duration of days in bed between DVT and no-DVT patients(all P < 0.05). And there were no significant differences in the gender, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, preoperative D-dimer, type of anesthesia and anticoagulant drugs use(all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age > 70y(OR4.406, 95 %CI1.744 ~ 6.134), BMI ≥ 28(OR2.275, 95 %CI1.181 ~ 4.531), diabetes(OR3.949, 95 %CI1.284 ~ 5.279), bilateral joint replacements(OR2.272, 95 %CI1.402 ~ 4.423), duration of surgery ≥ 120 min(OR3.081, 95 %CI1.293 ~ 5.308), cemented prosthesis(OR2.435, 95 %CI1.104 ~ 4.315), and duration of days in bed > 3 days(OR1.566, 95 %CI1.182 ~ 1.994) were the risk factors of DVT of lower limb in patients with THA.

Conclusions

DVT in the lower limb after THA is common, and its onset is affected by many factors. In clinical work, attention should be paid to identify the risk factors for DVT and targeted interventions are highlighted to prevent the postoperative DVT.