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Can FI, Gültaç E, Yilmaz S, Kilinç RM, Kilinç CY. The Association between SLAP Lesions and Critical Shoulder Angle and Glenoid Depth. ACTA CHIRURGIAE ORTHOPAEDICAE ET TRAUMATOLOGIAE CECHOSLOVACA 2024; 91:57-61. [PMID: 38447566 DOI: 10.55095/achot2024/007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The critical shoulder angle (CSA) is formed by the combination of glenoid inclination and acromial index and has been shown related to rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteoarthritis. SLAP lesions today have an important place among bicipitolabral pathologies that cause intensive shoulder pain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CSA and glenoid depth and SLAP lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between March 2017 and January 2022, 279 consecutive shoulder arthroscopy patients' MRI images were retrospectively examined. After the exclusion criteria, 191 patients were eligible. Patients with SLAP lesions (n=37) were assembled as the study group (Group 1), and patients with intact superior labrum (n=154) were named as the control group (Group 2). Critical shoulder angle (CSA) and glenoid depth measurements were performed using the preoperative MRI images. RESULTS A total of 191 patients, of whom 84 were male (44%) were included. The mean age was 49.9±14.96 (range 18-79). There was a statistically signifi cant difference between the SLAP group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2) in terms of CSA (p=0.032). The mean CSA was 31.66°±3.51° in Group 1 and 33.57° ±5.01° in Group 2. The cut-off value for CSA in patients with SLAP lesions was calculated as 32.85° and the area under the curve was 0.61, therefore a satisfactory association was observed between the groups. The mean glenoid depth was 4.32 ±1.25 mm in Group 1, and 4.39 ±0.32 mm in Group 2. There was no statistically signifi cant difference between the groups in terms of glenoid depth (p=0.136) and also no association between the glenoid depth and SLAP lesions was observed (cut-off=4.45 mm, AUC=0.32). CONCLUSIONS Low CSA is associated with SLAP lesions, just as in glenohumeral osteoarthritis. Further prospective clinical studies are needed to enlighten the predisposing effect of CSA to SLAP lesions and the success of superior labral repairs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- F I Can
- Muğla Research and Training Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey
| | - E Gültaç
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - S Yilmaz
- Muğla Research and Training Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic, Mugla, Turkey
| | - R M Kilinç
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - C Y Kilinç
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Moorthy V, Tan AHC. Should long head of biceps tenodesis or tenotomy be routinely performed in arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs? J Orthop 2020; 21:161-165. [PMID: 32255998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) lesions are frequently associated with partial or complete rotator cuff tears (RCTs), but controversy revolves around their optimal surgical management. Methods Hence this article aims to review the current literature available on the role of biceps surgery in rotator cuff surgery and whether it should be routinely performed in rotator cuff repairs. Results Furthermore, we also discuss the advantages and drawbacks of tenotomy or tenodesis of LHBT in rotator cuff surgery. Conclusion We conclude this article with recommendations for surgeons performing rotator cuff repairs and future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikaesh Moorthy
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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The association between a low critical shoulder angle and SLAP lesions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2019; 27:3944-3951. [PMID: 31250054 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the critical shoulder angle (CSA), acromion index (AI) and further acromion parameters in patients with isolated SLAP lesions compared with patients without SLAP lesions. METHODS Between 2012 and 2016, the CSA, AI, lateral acromion angle (LAA) and acromion slope (AS) were radiologically examined in consecutive patients > 18 years having had a shoulder arthroscopy with isolated SLAP lesion types II-IV. These were compared to controls without SLAP lesions and without (control group I) or with (control group II) complete supraspinatus tendon (SSP) tears. RESULTS 75/103 patients with isolated SLAP lesion types II-IV with a mean age of 46.5 years (± 13.0, 18.1-76.3) were analyzed, 61% of them being male. For control, n = 211 consecutive patients (47% male) with an intact SSP and SLAP complex and a mean age of 52.3 years (± 15.0, 18.6-88.4) and n = 115 patients (60% male) with an intact SLAP complex but complete SSP tears, mean age 66.6 years (± 9.3, 44.7-87.9) were examined. The CSA in SLAP patients was 29.6° (± 3.5, 21.0-38.0), 33.8° (± 3.7, 25.1-46.9) in no SLAP and no SSP (p < 0.001) and 36.7° (± 3.6, 29.1-46.6) in no SLAP but SSP (p < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) for CSA was 0.83 for SLAP lesions resulting in a probability of 83% for patients with SLAP lesion to be associated with a specific CSA. CONCLUSIONS Isolated SLAP lesion types II-IV are associated with a low CSA < 30°. The AI, the AS as well as the LAA showed no correlation with SLAP lesions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Retrospective comparative study, Level III.
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Fang JH, Dai XS, Yu XN, Luo JY, Liu XN, Zhang MF, Zhu SN. Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Concomitant with Rotator Cuff Tears: Tenotomy or Subpectoral Mini-open Tenodesis? A Comparative Short to Mid-term Follow-up Study. Orthop Surg 2019; 11:857-863. [PMID: 31532924 PMCID: PMC6819190 DOI: 10.1111/os.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients who underwent rotator cuff repair (RCR) concomitant with long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tenotomy or subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis. Methods Prospectively collected data was reviewed on 154 patients, who underwent a LHBT procedure (tenotomy or tenodesis) concomitant with RCR between January 2010 and January 2017. The exclusion criteria were irreparable massive rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff partial tear, subscapular tendon tear, glenohumeral arthritis, and prior shoulder surgery. The two patient groups are as follows: RCR + Tenotomy (Group A) and RCR + Subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis (Group B). The visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Constant Score scale, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores, and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scores preoperatively and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year postoperatively and the latest out‐patient clinic were compared between the two groups. Results Ninety‐two patients in Group A and 62 patients in Group B completed the follow‐up, with a median follow‐up time of 27 and 42 months respectively. At the final follow‐up, the VAS, Constant, ASES, and DASH scores in Group A were 0.1 ± 0.2, 87.0 ± 12.8, 96.4 ± 4.3 and 6.6 ± 4.8 respectively, and the VAS, Constant, ASES, and DASH scores in Group B were 0.1 ± 0.3, 92.5 ± 3.9, 96.3 ± 3.6 and 2.9 ± 1.3 respectively. Clinical evaluation scales showed satisfactory results in both groups, and there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups at the same follow‐up time. Popeye sign was detected in one case of Group A (1.1%) and in one case of Group B (1.6%, P > 0.05). Conclusion Both tenotomy and subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis are effective for concomitant lesions of the LHBT in patients with reparable rotator cuff tears, and subpectoral mini‐open tenodesis of the LHBT does not provide any significant clinical or functional improvement than isolated tenotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Song Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ning Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hangzhou Mingzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yang Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Nan Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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McCrum CL, Alluri RK, Batech M, Mirzayan R. Complications of biceps tenodesis based on location, fixation, and indication: a review of 1526 shoulders. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2019; 28:461-469. [PMID: 30573431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) tenodesis is predominantly performed for 2 reasons: anterior shoulder pain (ASP) or structural reasons (partial tear, dislocation). METHODS Between 2006 and 2014, all cases of primary LHBT tenodesis performed at an integrated health care system were retrospectively reviewed. Complications were analyzed by tenodesis location (below or out of the groove [OOG] vs leaving tendon in the groove [ITG]), fixation method (soft tissue vs implant), and indication (preoperative ASP vs structural). RESULTS Among 1526 shoulders, persistent ASP did not differ by fixation method (11.0% for implant vs 12.8% for soft tissue, P = .550) or location (10.8% for OOG vs 12.9% for ITG, P = .472). Soft-tissue tenodesis cases had more frequent new-onset ASP (11.9% vs 2.6%, P < .001) and subjective weakness (8.50% vs 3.92%, P < .001) but less frequent revisions (0% vs 1.19%, P = .03) than implant tenodesis cases. No difference was found between ITG and OOG for persistent ASP (12.9% vs 10.8%, P = .550), new-onset ASP (6.5% vs 2.8%, P = .339), cramping (1.70% vs 2.31%, P = .737), deformity (4.72% vs 4.62%, P = .532), or subjective weakness (6.23% vs 4.32%, P = .334), but ITG cases had more revisions (1.51% vs 0.60%, P = .001). Among implant tenodesis cases, 1 shoulder (0.085%) sustained a fracture. CONCLUSION The overall complication rate of LHBT tenodesis was low. Of the shoulders, 10.8% to 12.9% continued to have ASP, regardless of whether the LHBT was left ITG. Soft-tissue tenodesis cases had higher rates of new-onset ASP and subjective weakness. No significant difference for tenodesis ITG or OOG was found in biceps-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L McCrum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - R Kiran Alluri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Batech
- Department of Biostatistics, Programming & Research Database Services, Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Raffy Mirzayan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA.
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Borrero CG, Bertolet M, Costello J, Vyas D. Value of anterosuperior rotator cuff and labral tears at MRI for predicting long head of biceps tearing at arthroscopy. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:1058.e1-1058.e9. [PMID: 30224185 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of subscapularis (SBT), supraspinatus (SST), or superior labral tearing predict long head of biceps (LHB) tendon tearing at arthroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects with MRI studies followed by arthroscopy were collected. Radiologists graded rotator cuff (RC) tendons and the superior labrum using three grade classifications and blinded to arthroscopy. Correlation between imaging variables and surgical outcome was expressed in terms of odds ratios and determined using a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS Selection criteria identified 89 participants. Statistically significant increase in odds of finding a partial LHB tendon tear at arthroscopy were noted for both MRI readers with any SBT tear (OR=4.1-5.6, p<0.0001 to 0.002), full-thickness SST (OR=8-20.4, p=0.002 to 0.006), and combined SST-SBT tears (OR=5.1-7.6, p<0.0001 to 0.002) and relative to grade 0 MRI scores for those categories. Statistically significant increase in the odds of finding any LHB tendon tear at arthroscopy were noted for both MRI readers with any SBT tear (OR=9.6 to 14.6, p<0.0001), full-thickness SST (OR=9.0 to 52.0, p<0.0001 to 0.0004) and combined SST-SBT tears (OR=8.2 to 15.1, p<0.0001) at MRI and relative to grade 0 MRI scores for these categories. No significant predictive effect was found for the labral categories. CONCLUSION LHB tendons should be closely scrutinised if anterosuperior rotator cuff tears, and SBT tears in particular, are found on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Borrero
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA.
| | - M Bertolet
- University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, USA
| | - J Costello
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
| | - D Vyas
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA
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Effect of patient age on accuracy of primary MRI signs of long head of biceps tearing and instability in the shoulder: an MRI-arthroscopy correlation study. Skeletal Radiol 2018; 47:203-214. [PMID: 28983764 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of patient age on the accuracy of primary MRI signs of long head of biceps (LHB) tendon tearing and instability in the shoulder using arthroscopy as a reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects with MRI studies and subsequent arthroscopy documenting LHB tendon pathology were identified and organized into three age groups (18-40, 41-60, 61-87). Normal and tendinopathic tendons were labeled grade 0, partial tears grade 1 and full tears grade 2. Two radiologists blinded to arthroscopic data graded MRI studies independently. Prevalence of disease, MRI accuracy for outcomes of interest, and inter-reader agreement were calculated. RESULTS Eighty-nine subjects fulfilled inclusion criteria with 36 grade 0, 36 grade 1 and 17 grade 2 tendons found at arthroscopy. MRI sensitivity, regardless of age, ranged between 67-86% for grade 0, 72-94% for grade 1 and 82-94% for grade 2 tendons. Specificity ranged between 83-96% for grade 0, 75-85% for grade 1 and 99-100% for grade 2 tendons. MRI accuracy for detection of each LHB category was calculated for each age group. MRI was found to be least sensitive for grade 0 and 1 LHB tendons in the middle-aged group with sensitivity between 55-85% for grade 0 and 53-88% for grade 1 tendons. Agreement between MRI readers was moderate with an unweighted kappa statistic of 62%. CONCLUSION MRI accuracy was moderate to excellent and agreement between MRI readers was moderate. MRI appears to be less accurate in characterizing lower grades of LHB tendon disease in middle-aged subjects.
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A meta-analysis comparing tenotomy and tenodesis for treating rotator cuff tears combined with long head of the biceps tendon lesions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185788. [PMID: 29016616 PMCID: PMC5633150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess whether there were differences in the outcomes between tenotomy and tenodesis in treating LHBT lesions combined with rotator cuff repairs. Methods Using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane, we searched for articles comparing tenotomy and tenodesis combined with rotator cuff repair which were published before April 2016 with the terms “biceps”, “tenotomy”, “tenodesis”, and “rotator cuff”. The controlled clinical studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were assessed for quality of methodology by utilizing the Coleman score. Results On the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, ten articles (903 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. The Coleman score ranged between 40 and 89 in the included studies. The results showed that the incidence of the popeye sign (OR, 2.777, P = 0.000) were higher in tenotomy group compared with tenodesis group when concomitant rotator cuff repair. Statistically significant difference in favor of tenodesis was observed for Constant score (SMD, -0.230, P = 0.025). As for the arm cramping pain, patient satisfaction, VAS score, ASES score and UCLA increased score, the strength and the range of motion, there were no significant differences between tenodesis and tenotomy of the LHBT, corresponding to the currently available results in the literature. Conclusions Based on this meta-analysis, both tenotomy and tenodesis are effective in pain relief and function improvement in patients with repairable rotator cuff tears. No significant differences in post-operative functional outcome between tenotomy and tenodesis for the treatment of LHBT lesions were observed except for a lower Constant score and higher risk of Popeye deformity in tenotomy.
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Domos P, Neogi DS, Longo UG, Ahrens PM. The chondral print sign: what does it really mean? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2017; 26:e188-e192. [PMID: 28131680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chondral print (CP) sign is a chondral change on the humeral head underneath the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon. Several suggested causative links have been described, but the pathologic mechanism remains unclear. METHODS We designed this prospective cohort association study of 102 consecutive shoulder arthroscopies to investigate proposed associations of CP with LHB, rotator cuff, labral pathology, and other chondral lesions. Data collection was by a specifically designed pro forma, and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS We identified 24 patients (23.5%) with the CP sign. Patients were a mean age of 58 years. Shoulders with positive CP sign had associated pathologies: 16 superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) tears, 4 LHB instabilities, and 11 other LHB lesions. We also recorded other chondral lesions, 10 humeral head and 12 on the glenoid surface. The overall arthroscopic appearance of CP signs could be classified into 3 different types. Statistical analysis revealed that the CP sign is not statistically associated with LHB instability, any other LHB pathologies, rotator cuff tears, or instability. The CP sign was statistically positively associated with SLAP lesions (but only if type 1 were included). There was a weak association of CP sign with age and a positive association of SLAP lesions with other (non-CP) humeral chondral lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our prospective association study cannot determine the cause of the CP sign. It does not seem to be a reliable sign of LHB instability or of other LHB pathology. There is an association with age and degenerative SLAP lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Domos
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Devdatta S Neogi
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Hospital, London, UK
| | - Umile Giuseppe Longo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip M Ahrens
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Royal Free NHS Foundation Hospital, London, UK
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Taylor SA, O’Brien SJ. Clinically Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Proximal Biceps. Clin Sports Med 2016; 35:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Knesek M, Skendzel JG, Dines JS, Altchek DW, Allen AA, Bedi A. Diagnosis and management of superior labral anterior posterior tears in throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med 2013; 41:444-60. [PMID: 23172004 DOI: 10.1177/0363546512466067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the superior glenoid labrum is increasingly recognized as a significant source of shoulder pain and dysfunction in the throwing athlete. Several theories have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) tears. The clinical examination of the superior labrum-biceps tendon complex remains challenging because of a high association of other shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Many physical examination findings have high sensitivity and low specificity. Advances in soft tissue imaging such as magnetic resonance arthrography allow for improved detection of labrum and biceps tendon lesions, although correlation with history and physical examination is critical to identify symptomatic lesions. Proper treatment of throwers with SLAP tears requires a thorough understanding of the altered biomechanics and the indications for nonoperative management and arthroscopic treatment of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Knesek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, 24 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive, Lobby A, Ann Arbor, MI 48106, USA
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De Carli A, Vadalà A, Zanzotto E, Zampar G, Vetrano M, Iorio R, Ferretti A. Reparable rotator cuff tears with concomitant long-head biceps lesions: tenotomy or tenotomy/tenodesis? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2012; 20:2553-8. [PMID: 22349543 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-012-1918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to determine clinical, functional, and radiological results of two groups of patients affected by rotator cuff tear with concomitant degeneration of the long head of the biceps tendon treated with tenotomy/tenodesis or tenotomy. METHODS Sixty-five patients were randomly assigned to group A (35 patients, tenotomy/tenodesis) and group B (30 patients, tenotomy). All patients underwent physical examination and simple shoulder test and Constant score scales. Moreover, they underwent dynamometric tests and power Doppler ultrasonography in order to evaluate the exact location of the long-head biceps and the vascularization of the repaired rotator cuff and of the long-head biceps. RESULTS Physical examination and clinical evaluation scales showed satisfactory results in both groups, with no significant differences (n.s.). Popeye sign was detected in 5 patients (17%) of group B and in no one patient of group A. Ultrasound examination showed the LHB within the bicipital groove in 80% of group A and group B. Power Doppler ultrasonography showed signs of vascularization of the LHB in 20% of patients of group A and in 40% of group B and signs of vascularization of the repaired rotator cuff in 28% of group A and 40% of group B. CONCLUSIONS Long head of the biceps tenotomy combined with tenodesis does not provide any significant clinical or functional improvement than isolated tenotomy. However, the incidence of the Popeye sign is significantly higher, even though not associated with any functional disfunction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo De Carli
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, S Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Onyekwelu I, Khatib O, Zuckerman JD, Rokito AS, Kwon YW. The rising incidence of arthroscopic superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) repairs. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:728-31. [PMID: 22608836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions of the shoulder that require surgical repair are relatively uncommon. However, recent observations suggest that there may be a rise in the incidence of SLAP lesion repair. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative Systems (SPARCS) database from the New York State Department of Health was used to acquire data for all outpatient ambulatory surgery procedures that were performed in New York State from 2002 to 2010. The data were reviewed and analyzed to compare the incidence of arthroscopic SLAP lesion repairs relative to other outpatient surgical procedures. RESULTS Within New York State, from 2002 to 2010, the number of all ambulatory surgical procedures increased 55%, from 1,411,633 to 2,189,991. Correspondingly, the number of ambulatory orthopedic procedures increased 135%, from 118,126 to 278,136. In comparison, the number of arthroscopic SLAP repairs increased 464%, from 765 to 4,313 (P < .0001). This represented a population-based incidence of 4.0/100,000 in 2002 and 22.3/100,000 in 2010. The mean age of patients undergoing arthroscopic SLAP repair in 2002 was 37 ± 14 years. The mean age in 2010 was 40 ± 14 years (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a substantial increase in the number of arthroscopic SLAP repairs that is significantly more rapid than the rising rate of outpatient orthopedic surgical procedures. In addition, there is a significant increase in the age of patients who are being treated with arthroscopic SLAP repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikemefuna Onyekwelu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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Patzer T, Habermeyer P. Regarding: Humeral head abrasion: an association with failed superior labrum anterior posterior repairs. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012; 21:e24-5. [PMID: 22104129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2011.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Morag Y, Bedi A, Jamadar DA. The rotator interval and long head biceps tendon: anatomy, function, pathology, and magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2012; 20:229-59, x. [PMID: 22469402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The rotator interval is an anatomically defined triangular area located between the coracoid process, the superior aspect of the subscapularis, and the anterior aspect of the supraspinatus. It is widely accepted that the rotator interval structures fulfill a role in biomechanics and pathology of the glenohumeral joint and long head biceps tendon. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the biomechanical details and the indications for treatment. A better understanding of rotator interval anatomy and function will lead to improved treatment of rotator interval abnormalities, and guide the indications for imaging and surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Morag
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospitals, Taubman Floor 2, Room 2910F, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5326, USA.
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