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Sanchis-Alfonso V, Ramírez-Fuentes C, Teitge RA. Severe inwardly pointing knee after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a case report. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:728-733. [PMID: 38768814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who presented with a profound gait disturbance and total disability following a medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation. It is common knowledge that patellar instability is associated with multiple risk factors, including but not limited to loss of the MPFL, trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, an abnormally placed tibial tuberosity on the tibia, quadriceps contracture, genu valgum, excess of femoral anteversion, excess of external tibial torsion, and foot pronation. Since the relative importance of each is unknown, it is imperative that pre-operative evaluation considers these. Two additional surgeries failed to improve her severe disability. Subsequent evaluation, 8 years after her initial MPFL reconstruction, revealed the presence of an excess of external tibial torsion and genu valgum. Complete resolution of disability resulted following tibial osteotomy, suggesting the importance of torsional deformity contributing to patellofemoral instability. Gait disturbance is an unrecognised complication after MPFL reconstruction.
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Huo Z, Xu C, Li S, Niu Y, Wang F. The thickness change ratio and preservation ratio of the infrapatellar fat pad are related to anterior knee pain in patients following medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:375. [PMID: 38918867 PMCID: PMC11197376 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) lies extrasynovial and intracapsular, preserving the joint cavity and serving as a biochemical regulator of inflammatory reactions. However, there is a lack of research on the relationship between anterior knee pain (AKP) and the IPFP after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR). Pinpointing the source of pain enables clinicians to promptly manage and intervene, facilitating personalized rehabilitation and improving patient prognosis. METHODS A total of 181 patients were included in the study. These patients were divided into the AKP group (n = 37) and the control group (n = 144). Clinical outcomes included three pain-related scores, Tegner activity score, patient satisfaction, etc. Imaging outcomes included the IPFP thickness, IPFP fibrosis, and the IPFP thickness change and preservation ratio. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the independent factors associated with AKP. Finally, the correlation between independent factors and three pain-related scores was analyzed to verify the results. RESULTS The control group had better postoperative pain-related scores and Tegner activity score than the AKP group (P < 0.01). The AKP group had lower IPFP thickness change ratio and preservation ratio (P < 0.001), and smaller IPFP thickness (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that the IPFP thickness change ratio [OR = 0.895, P < 0.001] and the IPFP preservation ratio [OR = 0.389, P < 0.001] were independent factors related to AKP, with a significant correlation between these factors and pain-related scores [|r| > 0.50, P < 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the lower IPFP change ratio and preservation ratio may be independent factors associated with AKP after MPFLR. Early detection and targeted intervention of the underlying pain sources can pave the way for tailored rehabilitation programs and improved surgical outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE LEVEL III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Huo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Chenyue Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Sibo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei, China
| | - Yingzhen Niu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei, China.
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Phillips AR, Singh H, Haneberg EC, Danilkowicz RM, Yanke AB. Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Results in Lower Failure and Complication Rates Than Isolated Trochleoplasty and Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy: A Systematic Review. Arthroscopy 2024:S0749-8063(24)00396-7. [PMID: 38844012 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate outcomes and complications of isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR), tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO), and trochleoplasty for management of patellar instability. METHODS A query of Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed in accordance with 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies reported clinical outcome data after isolated MPFLR, TTO, or trochleoplasty for patellar instability with a minimum 12-month follow-up. Meta-analysis and data aggregation was not performed. RESULTS Thirty-six studies (5 trochleoplasty, 14 TTO, and 18 MPFLR) consisting of 1,389 patients (114 trochleoplasty, 374 TTO, and 1,001 MPFLR) were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies score, which ranged from 11 to 12 in trochleoplasty, 10 to 18 in TTO, and 8 to 18 in MPFLR studies. Patient-reported outcome measures, including Lysholm score (trochleoplasty: 51.1-71 to 71-95; TTO: 57-63.3 to 84-98; MPFLR: 37.4-59.1 to 74-92.5), Kujala score (trochleoplasty: 56-71 to 78-92; TTO: 48.6-68 to 78-92; MPFLR: 53.3-60 to 81.5-92), visual analog scale for pain (trochleoplasty: 52-25; TTO: 54-76 to 14-27; MPFLR: 29 to 17, out of 100), and Tegner score (TTO: 3-4 to 3-4; MPFLR: 2.5-6 to 4.9-5), improved after all surgeries. Failure rates ranged from 0% to 33.3% after MPFLR, 0% to 30.8% after TTO, and 5.3% to 40% after trochleoplasty. Complication rates ranged from 0% to 14.7% after MPFLR, 1.6% to 58.3% after TTO, and 8% to 26.3% after trochleoplasty. CONCLUSIONS Isolated MPFLR, TTO, or trochleoplasty may be effective treatment options for patellar stabilization. Although failure rates were highest after isolated trochleoplasty and complication rates were highest after TTO, these procedures are not interchangeable as each addresses a specific pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, systematic review of Level II to IV studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Phillips
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Harmanjeet Singh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Erik C Haneberg
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Richard M Danilkowicz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
| | - Adam B Yanke
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A..
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Bram JT, Tracey OC, Lijesen E, Li DT, Chipman DE, Retzky JS, Fabricant PD, Green DW. Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and guided growth result in low rates of recurrent patellofemoral instability. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:1105-1112. [PMID: 38469940 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Implant-mediated guided growth (IMGG) is used to address coronal plane deformity in skeletally immature patients. Few studies have reported on IMGG and simultaneous medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for paediatric patients with concurrent genu valgum and patellofemoral instability (PFI). This study aimed to report on the outcomes of these simultaneous procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective review of paediatric patients undergoing simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG between 2016 and 2023. Mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) and mechanical axis deviation (MAD) were measured on full-length hip-to-ankle plain radiographs. Measurements were taken preoperatively, prior to implant removal and/or at final follow-up with minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS A total of 25 extremities in 22 patients (10 female) underwent simultaneous IMGG and MPFL reconstruction. The mean age at surgery was 12.6 ± 1.7 years. The mean duration of implant retention was 18.6 ± 11.3 months. Nineteen extremities (76%) underwent implant removal by final follow-up. Preoperative HKA corrected from a mean of 5.8 ± 2.3° to -0.8 ± 4.5° at implant removal or final follow-up (p < 0.001), with mLDFA and MAD similarly improving (both p < 0.001). HKA corrected a mean of 0.7 ± 0.9° per month, while mLDFA and MAD corrected a mean of 0.5 ± 0.6°/month and 2 ± 3 mm/month, respectively. At the time of implant removal or final follow-up, 88% of patients demonstrated alignment within 5° of neutral. Only one extremity experienced subsequent PFI (4%). For 14 patients who underwent implant removal with further imaging at a mean of 7.8 ± 4.9 months, only one patient (7%) had a valgus rebound to an HKA > 5°. CONCLUSION Simultaneous MPFL reconstruction and IMGG provided successful correction of lower extremity malalignment with only one recurrence of PFI. This approach is a reliable surgical option for skeletally immature patients with genu valgum and PFI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4 case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Bram
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Olivia C Tracey
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilie Lijesen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Don T Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danielle E Chipman
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julia S Retzky
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter D Fabricant
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel W Green
- Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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Waters TL, Miller EM, Beck EC, Rider DE, Waterman BR. Adding Lateral Retinacular Release to Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Fails to Demonstrate Clinical Benefit Compared With Isolated Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2024; 6:100890. [PMID: 38333569 PMCID: PMC10851212 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2024.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare functional outcomes and failure rates between medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstructions with and without lateral retinacular release (LRR) at minimum 1-year follow up. Methods A retrospective review identified consecutive patients from 2013 to 2019 at a single center who met all of the following inclusion criteria: at least 1 confirmed patellar dislocation, patellar tilt (evidenced by tight retinaculum on operative examination or patellar tilt on radiographs), underwent either MPFL reconstruction alone or combined with LRR, had available preoperative documentation and imaging, and were at least 1 year out of surgery. Patients were excluded if they had previous surgery to the ipsilateral limb or had any concomitant procedure performed. Demographics and preoperative imaging were evaluated. Failure rates and functional outcome scores were obtained including Kujala, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, International Knee Documentation Committee, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores. Clinical failure was defined as revision MPFL reconstruction on the affected knee or at least 1 instance of postoperative patellar dislocation. Results A total of 18 patients underwent isolated MPFL reconstruction (mean follow-up = 29.3 ± 8.3 months, range = 15.1-42.8 months), and 31 underwent MPFL reconstruction combined with LRR (mean follow up = 36.0 ± 11.3 months, range = 14.0-51.9 months). At final follow-up, there were no statistical differences between the isolated MPFL and MPFL combined with LRR cohorts for any of the functional outcome scores (P > .05 for all). At the time of final follow-up, no patients who underwent isolated MPFL and 19.3% (n = 6) or patients undergoing MPFL combined with LRR experienced clinical failure (P = .073), as defined by subsequent patellar dislocation or revision MPFL reconstruction. Of these, 2 patients underwent revision MPFL reconstructions with distal tubercle transfer for borderline abnormal TT:TG (i.e., >15 mm). Conclusions MPFL reconstruction surgery combined with LRR failed to demonstrate significantly different functional outcome scores and failure rates compared with isolated MPFL reconstruction at minimum 1-year follow up. In addition, there were no differences in rates of achieving MCID between both groups. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan M. Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Edward C. Beck
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Danielle E. Rider
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Brian R. Waterman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Camanho GL, Gobbi RG, Helito CP, Moreira da Silva AG, Machado de Oliveira G. Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Using the Medial Third of the Patellar Tendon: Camanho's Technique. Arthrosc Tech 2024; 13:102913. [PMID: 38690355 PMCID: PMC11056719 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2024.102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is an essential procedure in the surgical treatment of patellar instability. The medial third of the patellar tendon is a good graft option for this reconstruction, maintaining the insertion of the graft in the patella, with no need for hardware for patellar fixation. The objective of this article is to describe the MPFL reconstruction technique with the patellar tendon graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Luis Camanho
- Grupo de Joelho, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Gomes Gobbi
- Grupo de Joelho, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo Partezani Helito
- Grupo de Joelho, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre Giardino Moreira da Silva
- Grupo de Joelho, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Machado de Oliveira
- Grupo de Joelho, Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Su F, Hartwell MJ, Zhang AL. Minimally Invasive Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction With Patellar-Sided Tensioning Using All-Suture Anchors. Arthrosc Tech 2024; 13:102875. [PMID: 38584642 PMCID: PMC10995641 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure to reestablish the checkrein to the lateral patellar translation in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability. Graft tensioning is one of the most critical aspects of the procedure. Most surgical methods for MPFL reconstruction involve tensioning and securing the graft on the femoral side. In this article, we describe a technique for patellar-sided tensioning of the graft using all-suture anchors, which provides the surgeon with the ability to finely control graft tension with two independent graft limbs, while preserving patellar bone stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favian Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Matthew J Hartwell
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Alan L Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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Massey PA, Saxena T, Scalisi W, Montgomery C, Tremblay JC, Solitro GF. The Joystick Method: A Mini Open Technique for Repairing Patellar Osteochondral Fractures With Concomitant Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction. Arthrosc Tech 2024; 13:102851. [PMID: 38435264 PMCID: PMC10907907 DOI: 10.1016/j.eats.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fixation of osteochondral fractures after patellar dislocation is typically done using an open approach due to the location of the defect. This is traditionally performed through a medial parapatellar arthrotomy to allow adequate visualization. By using the joystick method, adequate visualization is achieved with a smaller arthrotomy. Careful placement of the joystick in the planned anchor site of the medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction reduces the number of drill sites in the patella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Massey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Tara Saxena
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Wayne Scalisi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Carver Montgomery
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Joseph Claude Tremblay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | - Giovanni F. Solitro
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Shreveport Health Sciences, Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S.A
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Rossi MJ. Editorial Commentary: Pedicled Quadriceps Tendon Autograft for Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Eradicates Risk of Saphenous Nerve Injury Seen With Gracilis Autograft. Allograft, When Available, Also Shows Excellent Outcomes. Arthroscopy 2024; 40:446-448. [PMID: 38296447 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2023.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Comparing a pedicled single-limbed quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft to a matched gracilis autograft (GT) group with bone tunnel anchors for patellar instability, the QT group showed similar outcome yet markedly improved complication rates involving the saphenous nerve and no anterior knee pain. These findings are reassuring for the QT usage as an option to GT autograft. Multiple systematic reviews have clearly shown that allograft medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction has similar outcomes to autograft and is a viable option. As we have seen in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, there has been a march to include the QT into ligament reconstruction of the knee. The evidence is cumulating to support its use for medial patellofemoral complex reconstruction. As we await the verdict of Fulkerson's proposed double-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament and medial quadriceps tendon femoral ligament reconstruction, it appears that either QT autograft or GT allograft will be the go-to procedures of choice. Regardless the type of graft or type of patellar attachment, make sure the femoral side of the medial patellofemoral complex graft gets the most attention.
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Wang D, Zheng T, Cao Y, Zhang Z, Di M, Fu Q, Sun J, Zhang H. Derotational distal femoral osteotomy improves subjective function and patellar tracking after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in recurrent patellar dislocation patients with increased femoral anteversion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024; 32:151-166. [PMID: 38226710 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to systematically review and quantitatively analyse the clinical outcomes of combined derotational distal femoral osteotomy (D-DFO) and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) in the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with increased femoral anteversion angle (FAA). METHODS This study was performed in line with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and AMSTAR (Assessing the Methodological Quality Of Systematic Reviews) Guidelines. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies reporting clinical outcomes of combined D-DFO and MPFL-R in RPD patients with increased FAA. Data on patient-reported outcome measures, radiological parameters, patellar tracking as revealed by J-sign and complications were extracted based on the inclusion criteria. The Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Study score was used for quality assessment. Review Manager and R statistical software were used to perform the statistical analysis. RESULTS Eleven studies with a total of 569 knees in 553 patients were included. Patients were predominantly female (79%). The weighted mean of FAA decreased from 33.6° to 13.0° (weighted mean difference = 20.59; p < 0.00001) after the combined procedure. Significant improvements (p < 0.00001) were identified in the Lysholm score (weighted mean: 55.5 vs. 80.4), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score (weighted mean: 52.8 vs. 78.6) and Kujala score (weighted mean: 54.5 vs. 80.6). The incidence of residual J-sign ranged from 14.3% to 38.3% with an overall pooled rate of 28.2% (95% confidence interval = 22.8%-33.6%). The overall redislocation rate was 1.1%. No patients experienced surgical site infection or bone nonunion. Two studies compared the clinical outcomes of MPFL-R with and without D-DFO. Compared with isolated MPFL-R, the combined procedure yielded a better Lysholm score (weighted mean: 84.9 vs. 79.3, p < 0.0001), IKDC score (weighted mean: 84.1 vs. 79.9, p = 0.001), Kujala score (weighted mean: 84.3 vs. 79.4, p < 0.0001) and a lower residual J-sign rate (26/97 [26.8%] vs. 44/105 [41.9%], p = 0.02), respectively. CONCLUSION The combination of D-DFO and MPFL-R led to improved clinical outcomes and a low redislocation rate in patients with RPD and increased FAA. Additional D-DFO can achieve more favourable results in subjective function and patellar tracking than isolated MPFL-R in the setting of excessive FAA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Menglinqian Di
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qizhen Fu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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11
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Yoon KH, Park CH, Hwang SH, Baek H, Lee HS. Anatomic femoral tunnel position in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: anterior versus posterior. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:945. [PMID: 38057743 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLR) between anatomic femoral tunnel positions at anterior and posterior footprints. METHODS Fifty-seven patients who underwent MPFLR for patellofemoral instability with anterior or posterior femoral tunnels between 2014 and 2021 with at least 2 years of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Based on postoperative images, the femoral tunnel positions anterior to the line connecting the adductor tubercle and medial epicondyle were assigned to the anterior group, group A, and those posterior to the line to the posterior group, group P. Thirty-two patients were included in group A (mean age, 22.4 ± 8.8 years), and another 25 patients were included in group P (mean age, 21.1 ± 6.1 years). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm score, Tegner activity score, Kujala score, and complications were evaluated. Radiologically, the Caton-Deschamps index (CDI), patellar tilt angle, and patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale were evaluated. The patellofemoral cartilage status according to the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grade, bone contusion, femoral tunnel enlargement, and MPFL graft signal intensity were also evaluated. RESULTS All clinical scores significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.01). No differences were noted between the two groups in terms of their preoperative demographic data, postoperative clinical scores (IKDC, Lysholm, Tegner, and Kujala), complications, or radiological findings (CDI, patellar tilt angle, PFOA, bone contusion, femoral tunnel enlargement, and graft signal intensity). The ICRS grade for the medial facet of the patella progressed in group A (30%, p = 0.02) but not in group P (18%, p = n.s.). Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the other compartments of the patellofemoral joint. CONCLUSIONS The clinical outcomes were significantly improved in both groups; however, MPFLR with anterior femoral tunnel position had worse cartilage status on the medial facet of the patella than the posterior femoral tunnel position. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Ho Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pohang St. Mary's Hospital, Pohang-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjae Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Huddleston HP, Lavoie-Gagne O, Mehta N, Walsh JM, Fu MC, Forsythe B, Verma NN, Cole BJ, Yanke AB. PROMIS physical function and pain perform poorly psychometrically in patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2023; 31:5067-5076. [PMID: 37823904 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-023-07535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the validity, floor and ceiling effects, and dimensionality of PROMIS Physical Function (PF) and Pain compared to legacy patient reported outcome (PRO) measures in patients undergoing medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction. METHODS Patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction between 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperatively, patients completed the IKDC, VR-12, Kujala, SF-12, KOOS JR, PROMIS PF and Pain surveys. Inter-survey convergence was assessed with Spearman correlations. Psychometric analysis included investigations of inter-survey convergent validity, intra-survey floor and ceiling effects, and Rasch analyses with person-item fit and iterative question elimination model fit testing. RESULTS A total of 76 patients (mean age: 22.6 ± 8.4 years) who completed preoperative surveys were included (compliance: 91.7-96.2%). Preoperatively, age was significantly associated with both PROMIS PF (coefficient: - 0.291, P = 0.005) and Pain scores (coefficient: 0.294, P = 0.002). PROMIS PF had a Very Good correlation with IKDC and PROMIS Pain had a Very Good correlation with KOOS JR. Other correlations ranged from Poor to Good. No significant floor or ceiling effects were observed for any PRO. On iterative question elimination Rasch modelling, only two questions from PROMIS PF remained after 6 rounds of elimination while PROMIS Pain had no questions remaining after 3 rounds of elimination. CONCLUSION Preoperative PROMIS PF and Pain provided only Fair to Good correlations with most legacy PROs. Although no significant floor and ceiling effects were observed, PROMIS PF and Pain did not perform well psychometrically in this population of patients undergoing MPFL reconstruction. These results suggest PROMIS questionnaires should be used with caution in this population, especially if used in isolation, when discussing clinical expectations with patients. The authors recommend continued use of legacy PROs specific to assessment of patellar instability and function that have established validity in patellar instability populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey P Huddleston
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Hospital for special surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ophelie Lavoie-Gagne
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nabil Mehta
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Justin M Walsh
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael C Fu
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brian Forsythe
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Nikhil N Verma
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brian J Cole
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Adam B Yanke
- Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Wu CC. Patellar malalignment: A common disorder associated with knee pain. Biomed J 2023; 46:100658. [PMID: 37678711 PMCID: PMC10550501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain-associated knee joint disorders are common in daily life. Practically, knee pain should be divided into the origin from the isolated tibiofemoral (TF), isolated patellofemoral (PF) joint, or a combination thereof. The TF joint controls the actions of level walking, while the PF joint controls knee flexion-extension. Owing to its sufficient inherent stability, non-traumatic disorders of the isolated TF joint in young individuals are uncommon. In contrast, because of its insufficient inherent stability, non-traumatic disorders of the isolated PF joint are common in young individuals. Patellar malalignment (PM) associated with knee pain is common in all age groups, and the most common predisposing factor is imbalanced peripatellar soft-tissue tension. The outward forces acting on the patella are caused by pulling from the quadriceps femoris during knee flexion to extension (manifested by the quadriceps angle [Q-angle]), and sliding backward of the iliotibial band (ITB) during knee extension to flexion. Once the muscle power of the vastus medialis (especially the vastus medialis obliquus [VMO]) decreases, which lowers the counteracting effect against outward forces, the patella displaces or rotates laterally. The reduced contact surface between the patella and the femoral condyle significantly increases the compressive pressure and injures the articular cartilage. Subsequently, progressive PF degeneration occurs. Although other factors may also cause PM, they are relatively uncommon. In principle, nonsurgical treatment of PM should be considered first, while surgical treatment should follow established indications. Some nonsurgical techniques are currently widely used that feature high satisfaction rates. Surgical techniques are continuously being developed, and their success rates have gradually improved. This study aimed to review the current literature for relevant studies and report related publications of the author's institution to emphasize the universality and importance of PM management. Conceptually, simply focusing on problems of the TF joint cannot treat all knee disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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