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Liu J, Qu X, Stone MH. Evaluation of force-time curve analysis methods in the isometric mid-thigh pull test. Sports Biomech 2023; 22:1381-1397. [PMID: 32835635 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2020.1800810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the manual and automatic analysis methods for force-time curve analysis of the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) test. The visual analysis, first derivative analysis and threshold analysis methods were used to analyse onset time and time-specific forces at 50 ms, 90 ms, 200 ms and 250 ms on the force-time curve. Ninety-three collegiate sports athletes' trials were selected and analysed by each method. The visual analysis method was set as the reference method for paired comparisons with the first derivative analysis method and threshold analysis method. Onset time comparisons revealed that the first derivative analysis method was comparable with the visual analysis method with average difference at about 30 ms. Results from the weighted least products regression analysis and the Bland-Altman analysis showed that large fixed bias confounded by proportional bias existed in the threshold analysis method, and time-specific force variables obtained from the first derivative analysis method were closer to those from the visual analysis method when compared with the threshold analysis method. These findings suggest that the first derivative analysis method could be an effective tool for force-time curve analysis of the IMTP test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshi Liu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingda Qu
- Institute of Human Factors and Ergonomics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael H Stone
- Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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Chatrenet A, Piccoli G, Audebrand JM, Torreggiani M, Barbieux J, Vaillant C, Morel B, Durand S, Beaune B. Analysis of the rate of force development reveals high neuromuscular fatigability in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2016-2028. [PMID: 37439126 PMCID: PMC10570076 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces muscle wasting and a reduction in the maximum voluntary force (MVF). Little is known about the neuromuscular fatigability in CKD patients, defined as the reduction of muscle force capacities during exercise. Neuromuscular fatigability is a crucial physical parameter of the daily living. The quantification of explosive force has been shown to be a sensitive means to assess neuromuscular fatigability. Thus, our study used explosive force estimates to assess neuromuscular fatigability in elderly CKD patients. METHODS Inclusion criteria for CKD patients were age ≥ 60 years old and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 not on dialysis, and those for controls were GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , age and diabetes matched. The fatigability protocol focused on a handgrip task coupled with surface electromyography (sEMG). Scalars were extracted from the rate of force development (RFD): absolute and normalized time periods (50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ms, RFD50 , RFD75 , RFD100 , RFD150 and RFD200 , respectively), peak RFD (RFDpeak in absolute; NRFDpeak normalized), time-to-peak RFD (t-RFDpeak ) and the relative force at RFDpeak (MVF-RFDpeak ). A statistical parametric mapping approach was performed on the force, impulse and RFD-time curves. The integrated sEMG with time at 0-30, 0-50, 0-100 and 0-200 ms time intervals relative to onset of sEMG activity was extracted and groups were compared separately for each sex. RESULTS The cohort of 159 individuals had a median age of 69 (9IQR ) years and body mass index was 27.6 (6.2IQR ) kg/m2 . Propensity-score-matched groups balanced CKD patients and controls by gender with 66 males and 34 females. In scalar analysis, CKD patients manifested a higher decrement than controls in the early phase of contraction, regarding the NRFDpeak (P = 0.009; η2 p = 0.034) and RFD75 and RFD100 (for both P < 0.001; η2 p = 0.068 and 0.064). The one-dimensional analysis confirmed that CKD males manifest higher and delayed neuromuscular fatigability, especially before 100 ms from onset of contraction. sEMG was lower in CKD patients than controls in the 0-100 ms (at rest: P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 0.458) and 0-200 ms (at rest: P = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.496; during exercise: P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.421) time windows. Controls showed greater decrease of sEMG than CKD patients in the 0-30 ms (P = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.533) and 0-50 ms (P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 0.640) time windows. As opposite to females, males showed almost the same differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to show that CKD patients have higher fatigability than controls, which may be associated with an impaired motor-unit recruitment, highlighting a neural drive disturbance with CKD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Chatrenet
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
- Department of NephrologyCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | | | | | | | - Julien Barbieux
- Department of Digestive SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | - Charly Vaillant
- Department of EndocrinologyCentre Hospitalier Le MansLe MansFrance
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Inter‐University Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424)Université Savoie Mont BlancChambéryFrance
| | - Sylvain Durand
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
| | - Bruno Beaune
- Le Mans Université, Movement – Interactions – Performance, MIP, UR4334Le MansFrance
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Bengacemi H, Abed-Meraim K, Buttelli O, Ouldali A, Mesloub A. A new detection method for EMG activity monitoring. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 58:319-334. [PMID: 31848976 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-019-02048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces a new approach for electromyography (EMG) activity monitoring based on an improved version of the adaptive linear energy detector (ALED), a widely used technique in voice activity detection. More precisely, we propose a modified ALED technique (named M-ALED) to improve the method's robustness with respect to noise. To achieve this objective, M-ALED relies on the Teager-Kaiser operator for signal pre-conditioning to increase the SNR and uses the order statistics to gain robustness against the signal's impulsiveness. We propose again to exploit the order statistics for the initial signal baseline estimation to deal with the cases where such information is unavailable. Finally, since M-ALED detects the signal's activity at the frame level, we propose in a second stage to refine this detection (at the sample level) by using a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) approach leading to the fine M-ALED (FM-ALED) solution. The performance of FM-ALED is assessed via real and synthetic EMG signal recordings and the obtained results highlight its effectiveness as compared with the state-of-the-art methods (it reduces the mean error probability by a factor close to 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Bengacemi
- Laboratoire Traitement du Signal, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria. .,PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France.
| | - Karim Abed-Meraim
- PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Olivier Buttelli
- PRISME Laboratory, University of Orléans, 12 Rue de Blois, 45067, Orléans, France
| | - Abdelaziz Ouldali
- Laboratoire Signaux et Systemes, Université de Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Ammar Mesloub
- Laboratoire Traitement du Signal, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria
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From deep learning to transfer learning for the prediction of skeletal muscle forces. Med Biol Eng Comput 2018; 57:1049-1058. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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DosʼSantos T, Jones PA, Comfort P, Thomas C. Effect of Different Onset Thresholds on Isometric Midthigh Pull Force-Time Variables. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:3463-3473. [PMID: 28002178 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dos'Santos, T, Jones, PA, Comfort, P, and Thomas, C. Effect of different onset thresholds on isometric midthigh pull force-time variables. J Strength Cond Res 31(12): 3463-3473, 2017-Various thresholds have been used to identify the onset of contraction during isometric midthigh pull (IMTP); however, no agreed onset threshold exists for this assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare relative body weight (BW) and arbitrary onset thresholds to a criterion onset threshold 5 SDs of BW for IMTP force-time variables; force at each threshold, peak force, time-specific force values (100, 150, and 200 ms), and rate of force development (RFD) during 0-100, 0-150, 0-200 ms. Academy rugby league players (n = 9, age: 18.5 ± 0.4 years; height: 1.82 ± 0.09 m; mass: 91.2 ± 13.1 kg) performed 2 IMTP trials on a force platform sampling at 1,000 Hz. The neutral force-time data pool (18 trials) was analyzed with five different thresholds and compared with criterion threshold to determine any variance in force-time variables. Five SDs of BW were significantly lower than 10% BW and 75 N for threshold force which led to significantly greater time-specific force values at 100 and 150 ms and unacceptable limits of agreements (LOA) for all force-time variables. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between 2.5% and 5 SDs of BW; and between 5% and 5 SDs of BW for threshold force and all force-time variables with acceptable LOA. The 5 SDs of BW and 2.5% BW onset thresholds consistently resulted in the lowest values for threshold force, time-specific force values, and RFD, attributed to a lower onset bias. Therefore, scientists and practitioners are recommended to use a 5 SD of BW onset threshold for time-specific force values and RFD for accurate data because it accounts for signal noise during the weighing period. Subsequently, there is greater certainty that the onset of contraction identifies a true meaningful change in force, in contrast to relative BW thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas DosʼSantos
- Human Performance Laboratory, Directorate of Sport, Exercise, and Physiotherapy, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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Knee Extensor Rate of Torque Development Before and After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy, With Analysis of Neuromuscular Mechanisms. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47:945-956. [PMID: 28992769 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2017.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Study Design Descriptive, prospective single-cohort longitudinal study. Background Though rapid torque development is essential in activities of daily living and sports, it hasn't been specifically tested by most physical therapists or incorporated into rehabilitation programs until late in the treatment process. Little evidence is available on quadriceps torque development capacity before and after arthroscopic knee surgery. Objectives To study knee extensor rate of torque development, contributing mechanisms, and associations with strength and patient-reported outcomes before and during the first 6 weeks after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Methods Twenty subjects (mean ± SD age, 42.3 ± 13.7 years; body mass index, 26.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were tested before surgery, and at 2 and 5 weeks after surgery. Quadriceps muscle volume, strength, activation, rate of torque development, and patient-reported outcomes were evaluated across the study period. Results Significant side-to-side differences in quadriceps strength and voluntary rate of torque development were observed at each time point (P<.05). Changes in muscle activity were associated with changes in rapid torque development capacity. Side-to-side rate of torque development deficits after surgery were associated with lower patient-reported outcomes scores. Conclusion Diminished rapid torque development capacity is common in arthroscopic meniscal debridement patients. This reduced capacity is associated with an inability to quickly recruit and drive the quadriceps muscles (neural mechanisms) and not muscle atrophy or other peripheral factors tested. Patient-reported outcomes are associated with quadriceps rate of torque development, but not strength or muscle size. Rapid torque development warrants greater attention in rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(12):945-956. Epub 9 Oct 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7310.
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Dotan R, Jenkins G, O'Brien TD, Hansen S, Falk B. Torque-onset determination: Unintended consequences of the threshold method. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 31:7-13. [PMID: 27620399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with visual torque-onset-detection (TOD), threshold-based TOD produces onset bias, which increases with lower torques or rates of torque development (RTD). PURPOSE To compare the effects of differential TOD-bias on common contractile parameters in two torque-disparate groups. METHODS Fifteen boys and 12 men performed maximal, explosive, isometric knee-extensions. Torque and EMG were recorded for each contraction. Best contractions were selected by peak torque (MVC) and peak RTD. Visual-TOD-based torque-time traces, electromechanical delays (EMD), and times to peak RTD (tRTD) were compared with corresponding data derived from fixed 4-Nm- and relative 5%MVC-thresholds. RESULTS The 5%MVC TOD-biases were similar for boys and men, but the corresponding 4-Nm-based biases were markedly different (40.3±14.1 vs. 18.4±7.1ms, respectively; p<0.001). Boys-men EMD differences were most affected, increasing from 5.0ms (visual) to 26.9ms (4Nm; p<0.01). Men's visually-based torque kinetics tended to be faster than the boys' (NS), but the 4-Nm-based kinetics erroneously depicted the boys as being much faster to any given %MVC (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS When comparing contractile properties of dissimilar groups, e.g., children vs. adults, threshold-based TOD methods can misrepresent reality and lead to erroneous conclusions. Relative-thresholds (e.g., 5% MVC) still introduce error, but group-comparisons are not confounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffy Dotan
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada.
| | - Glenn Jenkins
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas D O'Brien
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Hansen
- Physical & Health Education, Schulich School of Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
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Maffiuletti NA, Aagaard P, Blazevich AJ, Folland J, Tillin N, Duchateau J. Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1091-116. [PMID: 26941023 PMCID: PMC4875063 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 739] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of rate of force development during rapid contractions has recently become quite popular for characterising explosive strength of athletes, elderly individuals and patients. The main aims of this narrative review are to describe the neuromuscular determinants of rate of force development and to discuss various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation for research and clinical purposes. Rate of force development (1) seems to be mainly determined by the capacity to produce maximal voluntary activation in the early phase of an explosive contraction (first 50–75 ms), particularly as a result of increased motor unit discharge rate; (2) can be improved by both explosive-type and heavy-resistance strength training in different subject populations, mainly through an improvement in rapid muscle activation; (3) is quite difficult to evaluate in a valid and reliable way. Therefore, we provide evidence-based practical recommendations for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Maffiuletti
- Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Lengghalde 6, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research (CESSR), School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Jonathan Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Neale Tillin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Jacques Duchateau
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Prolonged infrapatellar tendon vibration does not influence quadriceps maximal or explosive isometric force production in man. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014; 114:1757-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-014-2904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Folland JP, Buckthorpe MW, Hannah R. Human capacity for explosive force production: neural and contractile determinants. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:894-906. [PMID: 25754620 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the integrative neural and contractile determinants of human knee extension explosive force production. Forty untrained participants performed voluntary and involuntary (supramaximally evoked twitches and octets - eight pulses at 300 Hz that elicit the maximum possible rate of force development) explosive isometric contractions of the knee extensors. Explosive force (F0-150 ms) and sequential rate of force development (RFD, 50-ms epochs) were measured. Surface electromyography (EMG) amplitude was recorded (superficial quadriceps and hamstrings, 50-ms epochs) and normalized (quadriceps to Mmax, hamstrings to EMGmax). Maximum voluntary force (MVF) was also assessed. Multiple linear regressions assessed the significant neural and contractile determinants of absolute and relative (%MVF) explosive force and sequential RFD. Explosive force production exhibited substantial interindividual variability, particularly during the early phase of contraction [F50, 13-fold (absolute); 7.5-fold (relative)]. Multiple regression explained 59-93% (absolute) and 35-60% (relative) of the variance in explosive force production. The primary determinants of explosive force changed during the contraction (F0-50, quadriceps EMG and Twitch F; RFD50-100, Octet RFD0-50; F100-150, MVF). In conclusion, explosive force production was largely explained by predictor neural and contractile variables, but the specific determinants changed during the phase of contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Folland
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Tillin NA, Pain MT, Folland JP. Identification of contraction onset during explosive contractions. Response to Thompson et al. “Consistency of rapid muscle force characteristics: Influence of muscle contraction onset detection methodology” [J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012;22(6):893–900]. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2013; 23:991-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Mazzoleni S, Munih M, Toth A, Cinkelj J, Jurak M, Van Vaerenbergh J, Cavallo G, Soda P, Dario P, Guglielmelli E. Whole-body isometric force/torque measurements for functional assessment in neuro-rehabilitation: user interface and data pre-processing techniques. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 110:27-37. [PMID: 23253449 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A diagnostic platform for the early functional assessment of post-stroke patients was designed in order to perform isometric measurements during activities of daily living (ADL) tasks. The outcome of these measurements can contribute to verify the integrity of a post-stroke existing or altered "internal model" for a particular functional task. A complete and reliable software application for the diagnostic platform was designed, developed and tested in three European hospitals. The software application was divided into two main modules: a graphical user interface (GUI) and the data pre-processing techniques for the interpretation of recorded biomedical and clinical data. This paper presents the software application associated to the platform, aimed at analysing and interpreting the huge amount of data recorded and collected during the experimental trials. Its main objective is related to validating the onset detection and data reduction. The software application presented in this paper has been working and validated with success in three different clinical centres in Europe and it can be effectively used both as assessment tool in rehabilitation and as research tool in neuroscience.
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