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Tanoren B, Dipcin B, Birdogan S, Unlu MB, Ozdol C, Aghayev K. Examination of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc herniation patients by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2603-2609. [PMID: 38226141 PMCID: PMC10788776 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07195b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) is observed in humans as a result of the alteration of annulus fibrous (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue compositions in intervertebral discs. In this study, we studied the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in characterizing the herniated segments of AF and NP tissues from male and female patients. SAM determined the acoustic property variations in AF and NP tissues by calculating the acoustic impedance values of samples of 15 patients. SEM obtained higher resolution images and EDS made elemental analysis of the specimen. Consequently, we suggest that these techniques have the potential to be combined for the investigation and removal of the disrupted AF and NP tissues with micrometer resolution in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukem Tanoren
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences Istanbul Turkey +90 216 500 4156 +90 216 576 5076
| | - Beste Dipcin
- Acibadem University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Istanbul Turkey
| | - Selcuk Birdogan
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research and Application Center Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Cagatay Ozdol
- Antalya Education and Research Hospital Istanbul Turkey
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Parlatan U, Parlatan S, Sen K, Kecoglu I, Ulukan MO, Karakaya A, Erkanli K, Turkoglu H, Ugurlucan M, Unlu MB, Tanoren B. Atrial fibrillation designation with micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscope. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6461. [PMID: 35440791 PMCID: PMC9018680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is diagnosed with the electrocardiogram, which is the gold standard in clinics. However, sufficient arrhythmia monitoring takes a long time, and many of the tests are made in only a few seconds, which can lead arrhythmia to be missed. Here, we propose a combined method to detect the effects of AF on atrial tissue. We characterize tissues obtained from patients with or without AF by scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and by Raman spectroscopy (RS) to construct a mechano-chemical profile. We classify the Raman spectral measurements of the tissue samples with an unsupervised clustering method, k-means and compare their chemical properties. Besides, we utilize scanning acoustic microscopy to compare and determine differences in acoustic impedance maps of the groups. We compared the clinical outcomes with our findings using a neural network classification for Raman measurements and ANOVA for SAM measurements. Consequently, we show that the stiffness profiles of the tissues, corresponding to the patients with chronic AF, without AF or who experienced postoperative AF, are in agreement with the lipid-collagen profiles obtained by the Raman spectral characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Parlatan
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.
| | - Seyma Parlatan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34020, Turkey
| | - Kubra Sen
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kecoglu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozer Ulukan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Atalay Karakaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Korhan Erkanli
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Halil Turkoglu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Murat Ugurlucan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, 34214, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Burcin Unlu
- Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey.,Global Station for Quantum Medical Science and Engineering, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Bukem Tanoren
- Department of Natural Sciences, Acıbadem University, Istanbul, 34684, Turkey
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Tanoren B, Parlatan U, Parlak M, Kecoglu I, Unlu MB, Oztas DM, Ulukan MO, Erkanli K, Ugurlucan M. Aortic aneurysm evaluation by scanning acoustic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4683-4690. [PMID: 34549754 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01133b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is observed as a result of the extensive alteration in the elasticity of the aortic wall due to the breakdown of elastin and collagen. In this study, we studied the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) in characterizing the dilated segments of the aorta from male and female patients with aortic aneurysm. SAM determined the acoustic property variation in the aorta by calculating the acoustic impedance values of aorta samples of 18 patients. RS determined the disease states by analyzing the chemical variation especially in the peaks related to elastin and collagen using the k-means classification method. Consequently, we assume that combining these two techniques in clinics will help to investigate the dilated segment of the aorta with micrometer resolution, which will reduce the possibility of new aneurysm formation due to a segment not excised during the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukem Tanoren
- Acibadem University, Department of Natural Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melita Parlak
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Kecoglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Didem Melis Oztas
- Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozer Ulukan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Korhan Erkanli
- Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Ugurlucan
- Istanbul Medipol University, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tanoren B, Parlatan U, Parlak M, Selcuk B, Ates Alkan F, Pastaci Ozsobaci N, Albeniz G, Turker Sener L, Albeniz I, Unlu MB. Determination of modifications in rat liver due to phthalate uptake by SAM, RS, and ICP-OES. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2926-2935. [PMID: 34109334 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of phthalates as plasticizers has been omnipresent, especially in cosmetics and food packaging, despite the proven effects on some organs of humans and animals. Therefore, alterations in living organisms due to phthalate exposure attract the attention of many scientists. Here, we demonstrate a mechanical and chemical investigation of the mentioned effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) on rat liver by utilizing scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), Raman spectroscopy (RS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for the first time in the literature, as far as we know. The combined analysis gives insights into the degree of modification in the tissue components and which chemicals lead to these modifications. Our study shows that the acoustic impedance values of tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats are higher than those of tissues of the control mother rat, while the acoustic impedance values of tissues of offspring rats of DEHP and DBP delivered mother rats do not differ significantly from those of tissues of the control offspring rats of the control mother rat. Besides, RS analysis shows how the incorporation of DEHP into liver tissues changes the configuration and conformation of lipids and fatty acids. ICP-OES results show increased element levels within the tissues of DEHP and DBP delivered rats. Therefore, we can say that phthalates cause modifications within the liver. This study is a preliminary effort to investigate tissues with a mechano-chemical probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Melita Parlak
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
| | - Berzem Selcuk
- Bogazici Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakultesi, Turkey
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Tunica intima compensation for reduced stiffness of the tunica media in aging renal arteries as measured with scanning acoustic microscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234759. [PMID: 33147291 PMCID: PMC7641345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Aging causes stiffness and decreased function of the renal artery (RA). Histological study with light microscopy can reveal microscopic structural remodeling but no functional changes. The present study aimed to clarify the association between structural and functional aging of the RA through the use of scanning acoustic microscopy. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cross-sections of renal arteries from 64 autopsy cases were examined. Speed-of-sound (SOS) values of three layers, which correspond to the stiffness, were compared among different age groups. SOS of the tunica media was examined in terms of blood pressure (BP) and SOS of the ascending aorta. Vulnerability to proteases was assessed by SOS reduction after collagenase treatment. Results The tunica intima presented inward hypertrophy with luminal narrowing, and the tunica media showed outward hypertrophic remodeling with aging. SOS of the tunica media and internal and external elastic laminae showed a reverse correlation with age. SOS of the tunica media was negatively correlated with BP and strongly associated with that of the aorta. The tunica media of young RAs were more sensitive to collagenase compared with the old ones. Conclusions Scanning acoustic microscopy is useful for observing the aging process of the RA. This technique simultaneously shows structural and mechanical information from each portion of the RA. In the process of aging, the RA loses contractile function and elasticity as a result of protease digestion. The tunica media and the internal and external elastic laminae exhibit reduced stiffness, but the tunica intima stiffens with atherosclerosis. As a consequence, the RA’s outer shape changes from round to oval with inward and outward hypertrophy. This indicates that the inner resistant intima supports the mechanical weakness of the tunica media to compensate for an increase in BP with aging.
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Tanoren B, Ugurlucan M, Ates Alkan F. Analysis of atherosclerosis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscopy. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:045004. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab8e96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Miura K, Yamashita K. Mechanical Weakness of Thoracic Aorta Related to Aging or Dissection Predicted by Speed of Sound with Collagenase. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3102-3115. [PMID: 31537389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Scanning acoustic microscopy reveals information on histology and speed of sound (SOS) through tissues. Slower SOS corresponds to lower stiffness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether SOS values reflect the degree of degeneration with aging or dissection and whether enzymatic digestion susceptibility is distinct. The SOSs of media other than the atheromatous areas of normal and surgical dissections were measured and compared using medial degeneration grade (MDG) scores. To evaluate the damage rate, SOS was assessed after collagenase digestion. SOS scores negatively correlated with aging and MDG scores. Dissected aortas had higher SOS and MDG scores without age correlation. Collagenase digestion was present in all aortas, but older aortas were more injured than younger aortas. Dissected aortas were more vulnerable to collagenase. Older and dissected aortas expressed specific extracellular matrix components to compensate for mechanical weakness. The present method can evaluate mechanical weakness corresponding to histology to investigate the cause of rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Miura
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Kanna Yamashita
- Department of Health Science, Pathology and Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Bilen BT, Parlak M, Unlu MB. Scanning acoustic microscopy of quantum dot aggregates. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Determination of Ultrastructural Properties of Human Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy, Micro-Computer Tomography, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:679. [PMID: 30679722 PMCID: PMC6345949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microcalcification is the precursor of vulnerability of plaques in humans. Visualization of such small structures in vivo with high spatial resolution is an unsolved issue. The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) in the determination of atherosclerotic plaques with calcifications by validating this technique with micro-computer tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The fibrocalcific plaques were obtained from 12 different patients and initially examined with micro-CT. The images exhibited calcifications within these plaques. For imaging with SAM, approximately 5 μm thick slices were prepared. Sound speed values within calcified regions were measured to be greater than the ones in collagen-rich regions. These fibrocalcific plaques were also examined with SEM and EDS revealing collagen and calcium deposition within these samples. The consistency of the results obtained by all of the modalities involved in our study is an indication of the potential of SAM as a clinical tool for the diagnosis of vulnerable plaques.
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Bilen B, Ates Alkan F, Barutcu UB, Sezen M, Unlu MB, Aghayev K. Examination of metal mobilization from a gunshot by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:391. [PMID: 30593288 PMCID: PMC6310982 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Projectile foreign bodies are known to cause chronic heavy metal toxicity due to the release of metal into the bloodstream. However, the local effect around the metallic object has not been investigated and the main goal of our study is to examine the influence of the object in close proximity of the object. CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old Caucasian woman with one metallic pellet close to her sciatic nerve due to a previous shotgun injury at the gluteal area presented with a diagnosis of recurrent lumbar disk herniation at L4-5 level. A physical examination confirmed chronic neuropathy and she underwent a two-stage surgery. The surgery included removal of the foreign body, followed by discectomy and fusion at the involved level. During the removal of the metallic foreign body, a tissue sample around the pellet and another tissue sample from a remote area were obtained. The samples were analyzed by scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Lead, chromium, copper, cadmium, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc elements in tissue, blood, and serum specimens were detected by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. CONCLUSIONS An acoustic impedance map of the tissue closer to the metallic body showed higher values indicating further accumulation of elements. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed scanning acoustic microscopy results by measuring a higher concentration of elements closer to the metallic body. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that original structure was not disturbed far away; however, deformation of the structure existed in the tissue closer to the foreign body. Element analysis showed that element levels within blood and serum were more or less within acceptable ranges; on the other hand, element levels within the tissues showed pronounced differences indicating primarily lead intoxication in the proximity of the metallic body. We can state that residues of metallic foreign bodies of gunshot injuries cause chronic metal infiltration to the surrounding tissue and induce significant damage to nearby neural elements; this is supported by the results of scanning acoustic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukem Bilen
- Physics Department, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Ates Alkan
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Bora Barutcu
- Biophysics Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Sezen
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Scanning Acoustic Microscopy and Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Characterization of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14378. [PMID: 30258115 PMCID: PMC6158264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques constitute the primary cause of heart attack and stroke. However, we still lack a clear identification of the plaques. Here, we evaluate the feasibility of scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRFS) in atherosclerotic plaque characterization. We perform dual-modality microscopic imaging of the human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. We first show that the acoustic impedance values are statistically higher in calcified regions compared with the collagen-rich areas. We then use CdTe/CdS quantum dots for imaging the atherosclerotic plaques by TRFS and show that fluorescence lifetime values of the quantum dots in collagen-rich areas are notably different from the ones in calcified areas. In summary, both modalities are successful in differentiating the calcified regions from the collagen-rich areas within the plaques indicating that these techniques are confirmatory and may be combined to characterize atherosclerotic plaques in the future.
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Lindesay G, Bézie Y, Ragonnet C, Duchatelle V, Dharmasena C, Villeneuve N, Vayssettes-Courchay C. Differential Stiffening between the Abdominal and Thoracic Aorta: Effect of Salt Loading in Stroke-Prone Hypertensive Rats. J Vasc Res 2018; 55:144-158. [PMID: 29886482 DOI: 10.1159/000488877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central artery stiffening is recognized as a cardiovascular risk. The effects of hypertension and aging have been shown in human and animal models but the effect of salt is still controversial. We studied the effect of a high-salt diet on aortic stiffness in salt-sensitive spontaneously hypersensitive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). Distensibility, distension, and β-stiffness were measured at thoracic and abdominal aortic sites in the same rats, using echotracking recording of the aortic diameter coupled with blood pressure (BP), in SHRSP-salt (5% salted diet, 5 weeks), SHRSP, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Hemodynamic parameters were measured at BP matched to that of WKY. Histological staining and immunohistochemistry were used for structural analysis. Hemodynamic isobaric parameters in SHRSP did not differ from WKY and only those from the abdominal aorta of SHRSP-salt presented decreased distensibility and increased stiffness compared with WKY and SHRSP. The abdominal and thoracic aortas presented similar thickening, increased fibrosis, and remodeling with no change in collagen content. SHRSP-salt presented a specific increased elastin disarray at the abdominal aorta level but a decrease in elastin content in the thoracic aorta. This study demonstrates the pro-stiffening effect of salt in addition to hypertension; it shows that only the abdominal aorta presents a specific pressure-independent stiffening, in which elastin disarray is likely a key mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Lindesay
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | - Yvonnick Bézie
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Ragonnet
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Chandima Dharmasena
- Department of Pharmacy, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Villeneuve
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit Suresnes, Servier Research Institute, Suresnes, France
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