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Bello E, Chen Y, Alleyne M. Staying Dry and Clean: An Insect's Guide to Hydrophobicity. INSECTS 2022; 14:42. [PMID: 36661970 PMCID: PMC9861782 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insects demonstrate a wide diversity of microscopic cuticular and extra-cuticular features. These features often produce multifunctional surfaces which are greatly desired in engineering and material science fields. Among these functionalities, hydrophobicity is of particular interest and has gained recent attention as it often results in other properties such as self-cleaning, anti-biofouling, and anti-corrosion. We reviewed the historical and contemporary scientific literature to create an extensive review of known hydrophobic and superhydrophobic structures in insects. We found that numerous insects across at least fourteen taxonomic orders possess a wide variety of cuticular surface chemicals and physical structures that promote hydrophobicity. We discuss a few bioinspired design examples of how insects have already inspired new technologies. Moving forward, the use of a bioinspiration framework will help us gain insight into how and why these systems work in nature. Undoubtedly, our fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical principles that result in functional insect surfaces will continue to facilitate the design and production of novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bello
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Yutao Chen
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Marianne Alleyne
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Godeau XY, Andrianandrasana FJ, Volkova O, Szczepanski CR, Zenerino A, Montreuil O, Godeau RP, Kuzhir P, Godeau G. Investigation on dung beetle's (Heliocopris Hope, 1838) chitosan valorisation for hydrogel 3D printing. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 199:172-180. [PMID: 34971640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers and their derivatives are materials with increasing interest for industry and especially for sustainable engineering development. Among such kind of materials, carbohydrate polymer like highly deacetylated chitin (chitosan) is widely used for a wide range of applications, including material and biomedical developments. The majority of industrially produced chitosan is based on chitin extracted from crustacean exoskeleton. However, with increase of interest on this material, chitosan's production will rapidly become insufficient and other species should be investigated as new sources of chitosan. In the present work, we focus on the preparation of chitosan from giant dung beetles (Genus Heliocopris, Hope, 1838). This genus was chosen to show the possibility to take animals that develop and leave near dejection and valuate them for material applications. This work includes all the chitosan extraction procedures, chitosan characterisation IR, SEM, NMR, ash content, and deacetylation degree. Finally, the prepared carbohydrate polymer is used to form hydrogel. The prepared gel has been characterised and used for 3D printing, to show the compatibility of extracted chitosan with biomaterial application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddy Jocelyne Andrianandrasana
- Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 INPHYNI, Parc Valrose Nice, 06108, France
| | - Olga Volkova
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 INPHYNI, Parc Valrose Nice, 06108, France
| | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Olivier Montreuil
- UMR 7179 MNHN/CNRS, MECADEV, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Entomologie, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - René-Paul Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 INPHYNI, Parc Valrose Nice, 06108, France
| | - Pavel Kuzhir
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 INPHYNI, Parc Valrose Nice, 06108, France
| | - Guilhem Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7010 INPHYNI, Parc Valrose Nice, 06108, France.
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Marmier T, Szczepanski CR, Candet C, Zenerino A, Godeau RP, Godeau G. Investigation on Mecynorhina torquata Drury, 1782 (Coleoptera, Cetoniidae, Goliathini) cuticle: Surface properties, chitin and chitosan extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1164-1173. [PMID: 32702421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Naturally derived polymers, such as cellulose or chitin, are materials with increasing interest for a sustainable future. Considering the pollution associated with plastics recycling, natural and fully biocompatible materials like cellulose and chitin are becoming increasingly more relevant for sustainable engineering applications. Chitin and highly deacetylated chitin (chitosan) are already implemented in a wide range of materials applications, especially in biomedical fields. One interesting aspect of chitin is that the majority of industrially produced chitin is extracted from shrimp exoskeleton. However, other arthropods can also be investigated as a source of chitin. In this work, we focus on the extraction of chitin and preparation of chitosan from a beetle specie: Mecynorhina torquata. This includes characterization of the native Mecynorhina torquata surfaces and all intermediate surfaces throughout the chitosan extraction procedure. The final product, prepared chitosan, is also characterized using IR, SEM, ash content, and deacetylation degree. In addition, spectacular iridescent surfaces of Mecynorhina torquata are highlighted at the intermediate steps during chitin extraction. Finally, as proof of concept, the isolated chitosan is used to form hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanguy Marmier
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Caroline R Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | | | - René-Paul Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guilhem Godeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, INPHYNI, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, IMREDD, 06200 Nice, France.
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Fournier P, Szczepanski CR, Godeau RP, Godeau G. Chitosan Extraction from Goliathus orientalis Moser, 1909: Characterization and Comparison with Commercially Available Chitosan. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E15. [PMID: 32357519 PMCID: PMC7345855 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin, and chitin is one of the major components of the arthropod cuticle. Chitin and chitosan are both polysaccharides and are considered to be an interesting class of biosourced materials. This is evident as chitosan has already demonstrated utility in various applications in both industrial and biomedical domains. In the present work, we study the possibility to extract chitin and prepare chitosan from the Goliath beetle Goliathus orientalis Moser. The presented work includes description of this process and observation of the macroscopic and microscopic variations that occur in the specimen during the treatment. The prepared chitosan is characterized and compared with commercially available chitosan using infrared and thermogravimetric analysis. The deacetylation degree of prepared chitosan is also evaluated and compared with commercially available shrimp chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Fournier
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; (P.F.); (R.-P.G.)
- Institut Méditerranéen du Risque de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (IMREDD), Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Caroline R. Szczepanski
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - René-Paul Godeau
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; (P.F.); (R.-P.G.)
- Institut Méditerranéen du Risque de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (IMREDD), Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Guilhem Godeau
- Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Université Côte d’Azur, UMR 7010, 06000 Nice, France; (P.F.); (R.-P.G.)
- Institut Méditerranéen du Risque de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (IMREDD), Université Côte d’Azur, 06200 Nice, France
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