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Merino-Rueda LR, Casas-Ramos P, Honrado-Franco E, Izquierdo-García FM, Ramos-Pascua LR. [Translated article] Comparative study of deep lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumours: Malignancy risk factors. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:T383-T389. [PMID: 38508379 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The diagnostic suspicion of an atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT) is difficult. The aim of this study is to delve into the most controversial diagnostic aspects of the subject. MATERIAL AND METHOD Observational, longitudinal and retrospective study of a series of 96 deep adipose tumours (75 lipomas and 21 TLA) from 2006 to 2016: demographic, clinical, imaging and pathological variables were analysed and compared, as well as other variables related to treatment and oncological outcomes of the patients. A descriptive analysis of the collected variables was performed for the statistical study. To evaluate the potential predictor variables of malignancy, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, including those that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS Older age at diagnosis, lower limb location and larger size were significantly more frequent in ALTs. MRI findings showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, the same clinical variables were confirmed as predictors of malignancy. In the ROC curve, an optimal cut-off point of 134.0mm was used as a predictor of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age, location in the lower limbs and larger size are risk factors for malignancy in the differential diagnosis of deep lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumours. No radiological variable on MRI reached significance as a predictor of malignancy in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Merino-Rueda
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Casas-Ramos
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | - E Honrado-Franco
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain
| | | | - L R Ramos-Pascua
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Merino-Rueda LR, Casas-Ramos P, Honrado-Franco E, Izquierdo-García FM, Ramos-Pascua LR. Comparative study of deep lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumours: Malignancy risk factors. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2024; 68:383-389. [PMID: 38199434 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The diagnostic suspicion of an atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT) is difficult. The aim of this study is to delve into the most controversial diagnostic aspects of the subject. MATERIAL AND METHOD Observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study of a series of 96 deep adipose tumours (75 lipomas and 21 TLA) from 2006 to 2016: demographic, clinical, imaging and pathological variables were analysed and compared, as well as other variables related to treatment and oncological outcomes of the patients. A descriptive analysis of the collected variables was performed for the statistical study. To evaluate the potential predictor variables of malignancy, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed, including those that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS Older age at diagnosis, lower limb location and larger size were significantly more frequent in ALTs. MRI findings showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In multivariate analysis, the same clinical variables were confirmed as predictors of malignancy. In the ROC curve, an optimal cut-off point of 134.0 mm was used as a predictor of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age, location in the lower limbs and larger size are risk factors for malignancy in the differential diagnosis of deep lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumours. No radiological variable on MRI reached significance as a predictor of malignancy in our series.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Merino-Rueda
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España; Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, León, Madrid, España.
| | - P Casas-Ramos
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario de León, León, España
| | - E Honrado-Franco
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de León, León, España
| | | | - L R Ramos-Pascua
- Servicio de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, España
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Riley GM, Steffner R, Kwong S, Chin A, Boutin RD. MRI of Soft-Tissue Tumors: What to Include in the Report. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230086. [PMID: 38696323 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
MRI serves as a critical step in the workup, local staging, and treatment planning of extremity soft-tissue masses. For the radiologist to meaningfully contribute to the management of soft-tissue masses, they need to provide a detailed list of descriptors of the lesion outlined in an organized report. While it is occasionally possible to use MRI to provide a diagnosis for patients with a mass, it is more often used to help with determining the differential diagnosis and planning of biopsies, surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy (when provided). Each descriptor on the list outlined in this article is specifically aimed to assist in one or more facets of the overall approach to soft-tissue masses. This applies to all masses, but in particular sarcomas. Those descriptors are useful to help narrow the differential diagnosis and ensure concordance with a pathologic diagnosis and its accompanying grade assignment of soft-tissue sarcomas. These include a lesion's borders and shape, signal characteristics, and contrast enhancement pattern; the presence of peritumoral edema and peritumoral enhancement; and the presence of lymph nodes. The items most helpful in assisting surgical planning include a lesion's anatomic location, site of origin, size, location relative to a landmark, relationship to adjacent structures, and vascularity including feeding and draining vessels. The authors provide some background information on soft-tissue sarcomas, including their diagnosis and treatment, for the general radiologist and as a refresher for radiologists who are more experienced in tumor imaging. ©RSNA, 2024 See the invited commentary by Murphey in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Riley
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.M.R., R.D.B.) and Orthopedic Surgery (R.S.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5105; Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, Calif (S.K.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif (A.C.)
| | - Robert Steffner
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.M.R., R.D.B.) and Orthopedic Surgery (R.S.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5105; Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, Calif (S.K.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif (A.C.)
| | - Steven Kwong
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.M.R., R.D.B.) and Orthopedic Surgery (R.S.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5105; Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, Calif (S.K.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif (A.C.)
| | - Alexander Chin
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.M.R., R.D.B.) and Orthopedic Surgery (R.S.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5105; Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, Calif (S.K.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif (A.C.)
| | - Robert D Boutin
- From the Departments of Radiology (G.M.R., R.D.B.) and Orthopedic Surgery (R.S.), Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305-5105; Department of Radiology, The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, Calif (S.K.); and Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, Calif (A.C.)
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Devaraja K, Aggarwal S, Pillai S, Singh BMK. Large atypical lipomatous tumour of the neck with mediastinal extension managed by transcervical excision. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258292. [PMID: 38789269 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumours of adipose tissue origin are relatively rare in the head and neck. Here, we report a case of an unfamiliar lipomatous lesion that involved the neck and mediastinum. A nil-comorbid man in his 40s presented with a slowly progressive anterior neck swelling of 3 years, which was diagnosed as lipoma by histopathological sampling. Computed tomography demonstrated the lesion to be involving parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces with mediastinal extension. The lesion was removed by the transcervical approach. The final histology of the excised specimen, with immunohistochemistry for mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) and p16, suggested an atypical lipomatous tumour (ALT). This report accentuates the occurrence of this rare neoplasm in the neck, which often mimics lipoma clinically. Although radiology can demonstrate suggestive features, histology with MDM2 and/or p16 positivity can confirm the diagnosis of ALT as against the lipoma. A successful transcervical excision, despite the deeper extension of the lesion between the critical structures of the neck and mediastinum, demonstrates the non-infiltrating nature of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Devaraja
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Shruti Aggarwal
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Suresh Pillai
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Brij Mohan Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
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Du A, Wang H, Dai J, Dong Q, Yuan G, Pan Y. Case report: a case report of excision of giant lipoma in the posterior neck. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395130. [PMID: 38800402 PMCID: PMC11116667 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipomas, benign tumors originating from the anomalous proliferation of adipocytes, predominantly emerge in regions rich in adipose tissue. However, their presence in the head and neck areas remains rare, constituting approximately 13% of all diagnosed lipoma cases. This study presents a case involving a substantial subcutaneous lipoma located at the posterior neck, measuring about 20 cm × 19 cm × 10 cm. The patient presented with swelling and pain in the back of the neck. And the considerable dimensions of this lipoma significantly impacted the patient's quality of life and aesthetic appearance. Concurrently, the patient exhibited symptoms indicative of degenerative cervical spine disease and cervical disc herniation. After admission, a comprehensive examination, including ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI, was conducted. Given the clinical complexity, the decision for surgical intervention was deemed essential. The surgical strategy entailed a meticulous total excision of the tumor through an incision made in the posterior cross-neck, coupled with the strategic removal of excess skin. To facilitate wound healing, postoperative management included the use of negative pressure drainage. Pathological examination conclusively identified the mass as a lipoma. Postoperative follow-ups indicated successful recovery, as evidenced by the restoration of the neck's aesthetic contour and the complete resolution of the previously observed restrictions in sagittal neck movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aichao Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junqiang Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurology, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Deacu M, Bosoteanu M, Enciu M, Cozaru GC, Cojocaru O, Baltatescu GI, Nicolau AA, Orasanu CI, Caraban BM, Voda RI. The Predictive Role of the Histopathological Scoring System in Adipose Tumors-Lipoma, Atypical Lipomatous Tumor, and Liposarcoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3606. [PMID: 38132190 PMCID: PMC10742782 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13243606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipomatous tumors are the most frequent soft tissue neoplasms. Sometimes their differential diagnosis is difficult to perform only by microscopic analysis. This study aims to create a histopathological scoring system and highlight the impact of intratumoral microvascular density. This study was conducted over 10 years. We analyzed the main pathogenic pathways (MDM2 and CDK4), as well as the tumor microvascularization (CD31 and CD34) by immunohistochemical tests. We also analyzed the status of the MDM2 gene by CISH. These data, together with the clinical and histopathological information, were statistically analyzed by appropriate tests. We identified 112 eligible cases, with most of the patients being in their sixth decade of life, with a slight predominance of the female sex. We found important associations like tumor location linked to nuclear pleomorphism severity and microvascularization density correlated with atypia severity. Also, we observed that a maximum diameter of a tumor of at least 69 mm is associated with the presence of tumor necrosis. The score designed in this study shows an increased sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lipomas (100%, respectively, 97%), atypical lipomatous tumors (93.8%, respectively, 82.3%), and liposarcomas (100%, respectively, 90.5%). This present study enhances the present data by bringing to attention the histopathological score with a role in differential diagnosis, as well as in the prediction of immunohistochemical and genetic tests. Also, we highlighted the importance of microvascular density, especially in the diagnosis of liposarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Deacu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Madalina Bosoteanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Manuela Enciu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Genetics, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Oana Cojocaru
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Izabela Baltatescu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Anca Antonela Nicolau
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Cristian Ionut Orasanu
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Marian Caraban
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- Clinical Department of Plastic Surgery, Microsurgery—Reconstructive, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Raluca Ioana Voda
- Clinical Service of Pathology, Department of Pathology, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (M.D.); (M.B.); (M.E.); (O.C.); (G.I.B.); (A.A.N.); (R.I.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology (CEDMOG), “Ovidius” University of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania;
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Wilson MP, Haidey J, Murad MH, Sept L, Low G. Diagnostic accuracy of CT and MR features for detecting atypical lipomatous tumors and malignant liposarcomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:8605-8616. [PMID: 37439933 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI for differentiating atypical lipomatous tumors and malignant liposarcomas from benign lipomatous lesions. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and the gray literature from inception to January 2022 were systematically evaluated. Original studies with > 5 patients evaluating the accuracy of CT and/or MRI for detecting liposarcomas with a histopathological reference standard were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate mixed-effects regression model. Risk of bias was evaluated using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42022306479. RESULTS Twenty-six studies with a total of 2613 patients were included. Mean/median reported patient ages ranged between 50 and 63 years. The summary sensitivity and specificity of radiologist gestalt for detecting liposarcomas was 85% (79-90% 95% CI) and 63% (52-72%), respectively. Deep depth to fascia, thickened septations, enhancing components, and lesion size (≥ 10 cm) all demonstrated sensitivities ≥ 85%. Other imaging characteristics including heterogenous/amorphous signal intensity, irregular tumor margin, and nodules present demonstrated lower sensitivities ranging from 43 to 65%. Inter-reader reliability for radiologist gestalt within studies ranged from fair to substantial (k = 0.23-0.7). Risk of bias was predominantly mixed for patient selection, low for index test and reference standard, and unclear for flow and timing. CONCLUSION Higher sensitivities for detecting liposarcomas were achieved with radiologist gestalt, deep depth to fascia, thickened septations, enhancing components, and large size. Combined clinical and imaging scoring and/or radiomics both show promise for optimal performance, though require further analysis with prospective study designs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This pooled analysis evaluates the accuracy of CT and MRI for detecting atypical lipomatous tumors and malignant liposarcomas. Radiologist gestalt, deep depth to fascia, thickened septations, enhancing components, and large size demonstrate the highest overall sensitivities. KEY POINTS • The summary sensitivity and specificity of radiologist gestalt for detecting liposarcomas was 85% (79-90% 95% CI) and 63% (52-72%), respectively. • Radiologist gestalt, deep depth to fascia, thickened septations, enhancing components, and large tumor size (≥ 10 cm) showed the highest sensitivities for detecting atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas and malignant liposarcomas. • A combined clinical and imaging scoring system and/or radiomics is likely to provide the best overall diagnostic accuracy, although currently proposed scoring systems and radiomic feature analysis require further study with prospective study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell P Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada.
| | - Jordan Haidey
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Murad
- Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Room 2-54, 2053Rd Ave SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Logan Sept
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Gavin Low
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, 2B2.41 WMC, 8440-112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, Canada
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Scherrer Y, Laux CJ, Götschi T, Rosskopf AB, Müller DA. Prognostic value of clinical and MRI features in the screening of lipomatous lesions. Surg Oncol 2023; 50:101984. [PMID: 37619507 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2023.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Differentiation of lipomatous tumors mostly requires diagnostic biopsy but is essential to decide for the most adequate therapy. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of available clinical and radiological features with regard to malignancy of the lesion, recurrence and survival. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 104 patients with a biopsy-proven lipomatous tumor between 2010 and 2015 and a minimum clinical follow-up of two years were enrolled. Next to clinical features (age, gender, location of the lesion, histopathologic diagnosis, stage of disease, time to recurrence and death), MRI parameters were recorded retrospectively and blinded to the histological diagnosis. RESULTS Malignant lipomatous tumors were associated with location in the lower extremities and MRI features like thick septation (>2 mm), presence of a non-adipose mass, foci of high T2/STIR signal and contrast agent enhancement. A non-adipose mass was a predictor for recurrence and inferior overall survival, while lesions with high T2/STIR signal showed higher risk of recurrence only. In combination, clinical and radiological features (lower extremities, septation > 2 mm, existence of non-adipose mass, contrast enhancement, and foci of high T2/STIR signal) predicted a malignant lipomatous tumor with an accuracy of 0.941 (95% CI of 0.899-0.983; 87% sensitivity, 86% specificity). CONCLUSION Localization and characteristic MR features predict malignancy in most lipomatous lesions. Non-adipose masses are a poor prognostic factor, being associated with tumor recurrence and disease-related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Scherrer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christoph J Laux
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Götschi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea B Rosskopf
- Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel A Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wang P. Editorial for "Differentiation Between Lipomas and Atypical Lipomatous Tumors of the Extremities Using Radiomics". J Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 56:1755-1756. [PMID: 35319805 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Neuroimaging Innovation Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Moorefield AK, Singhal V. Upper extremity mass with lipomatous axillary involvement and multiple level encasement of the brachial plexus. Radiol Case Rep 2022; 17:4893-4898. [PMID: 36276659 PMCID: PMC9579729 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 40-year-old female presented for surgical consultation of an upper extremity soft tissue mass. Initial ultrasound report recorded a 5.5 cm mass, consistent with a subcutaneous lipoma. Intra-operative visualization revealed an intramuscular lipoma emerging from brachialis muscle. Post-excision MRI was ordered for continued axillary fullness which revealed lipomatous extension into axilla and posterior arm with multiple level encasement of the brachial plexus. Lipomas with brachial plexus involvement are rare and can present with a range of symptoms and distortion of local anatomy. Surgical debulking is challenging requiring microsurgical expertise for adequate removal and to minimize long-term neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Moorefield
- Division of Clinical Anatomy, Kansas City University; Kansas City, MO, USA,Corresponding author.
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Toft F. Surgical resection of a giant intramuscular lipoma of the biceps brachii: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2022; 142:373-379. [PMID: 33099672 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipomas are frequent benign soft-tissue tumors mainly located in the subcutis. Occasionally, subfascial or inter- or intramuscular lipomas are encountered. This case report describes the surgical management of a very rare giant intramuscular lipoma of the right biceps brachii muscle in a 71-year-old male patient. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging as well as intraoperative photographs depict the complexity of this case and aid in the discussion about indications for surgery, as management guidelines of these deep-seated tumors are still inconsistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Toft
- Leitender Arzt Orthopädie, Leiter Schulter- und Ellenbogenchirurgie, Department of Orthopedics, Klinik für Orthopädie, Kantonsspital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.
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12
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Asano Y, Miwa S, Yamamoto N, Hayashi K, Takeuchi A, Igarashi K, Yonezawa H, Araki Y, Morinaga S, Nojima T, Ikeda H, Tsuchiya H. A scoring system combining clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations for differential diagnosis between lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:237. [PMID: 34997060 PMCID: PMC8742117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of clinical, radiological, and histopathological examinations for differential diagnosis between atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT)/well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and lipoma, and aimed to develop a new combined scoring system for the preoperative diagnosis of ALT/WDLS. Eighty-nine lipomas and 56 ALT/WDLS were included and their clinical characteristics, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological findings by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were investigated. Then, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the findings, and a combined scoring system consisted of predictive factors of ALT/WDLS was developed. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that tumor location (lower extremity), deep site, size (> 11 cm), thick septa (> 2 mm), enhancement of septa or nodular lesions, and lipoblasts were significantly different for the diagnosis of ALT/WDLS. We developed a combined scoring system based on the six predictive factors (total 0-16 points, the cutoff was 9 points). The area under the curve was 0.945, and sensitivity was 87.6% and specificity was 91.1% by the receiver operating characteristics curve. This combined scoring system does not require special equipment and reagents such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and anyone can use it easily in many medical institutions with high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Asano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kentaro Igarashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yonezawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Araki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sei Morinaga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nojima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa city, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
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13
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Tseng WW, Barretta F, Baia M, Barisella M, Radaelli S, Callegaro D, Yoon DH, Fiore M, Gronchi A. Dedifferentiation within well-differentiated liposarcoma of the extremity or trunk: Implications for clinical management. J Surg Oncol 2021; 124:838-845. [PMID: 34254688 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In extremity or trunk liposarcoma, the implications of a dedifferentiated (DD) component within a well-differentiated (WD) tumor are unclear. We evaluated outcomes after surgery and identified potential predictors of survival in these patients compared to those with an entirely WD tumor. METHODS Retrospective data were collected for patients who underwent complete resection from 2009 to 2019. Cumulative incidences of local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) were calculated, and overall survival (OS) was estimated. Associations between OS and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated by univariable models. RESULTS A total of 210 patients with MDM2-verified tumors were studied, including 58 (27.6%) with DD. In primary disease, LR occurred only in DD and worse OS was observed versus WD (p < 0.001). In recurrent disease, the LR incidences were similar between WD and DD (p = 0.559); however, worse OS persisted in DD (p = 0.004). The incidence of DM was extremely low (3.8%) and limited to DD. Higher grade (p < 0.001) and DD size (p = 0.043), but not overall tumor size were associated with worse OS. CONCLUSIONS In extremity or trunk liposarcoma, the presence of DD leads to significantly worse outcomes in both primary and recurrence diseases. Further study is needed to determine if these patients benefit from adjunct therapies (e.g., radiation).
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Tseng
- Division of Breast, Endocrine and Soft Tissue Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Francesco Barretta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Trials Organization Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Baia
- Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Barisella
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Radaelli
- Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Callegaro
- Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Dong Hum Yoon
- Division of Breast, Endocrine and Soft Tissue Surgery, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Marco Fiore
- Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gronchi
- Department of Surgery, Sarcoma Service, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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14
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Nardo L, Abdelhafez YG, Acquafredda F, Schirò S, Wong AL, Sarohia D, Maroldi R, Darrow MA, Guindani M, Lee S, Zhang M, Moawad AW, Elsayes KM, Badawi RD, Link TM. Qualitative evaluation of MRI features of lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor: results from a multicenter study. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1005-1014. [PMID: 31965239 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study are (1) to distinguish lipoma (L) from atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT) using MRI qualitative features, (2) to assess the value of contrast enhancement, and (3) to evaluate the reproducibility and confidence level of radiological readings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with pathologically proven L or ALT, who underwent MRI within 3 months from surgical excision were included in this retrospective multicenter international study. Two radiologists independently reviewed MRI centrally. Impressions were recorded as L or ALT. A third radiologist was consulted for discordant readings. The two radiologists re-read all non-contrast sequences; impression was recorded; then post-contrast images were reviewed and any changes were recorded. RESULTS A total of 246 patients (135 females; median age, 59 years) were included. ALT was histopathologically confirmed in 70/246 patients. In multivariable analysis, in addition to the lesion size, deep location, proximal lower limb lesions, demonstrating incomplete fat suppression, or increased architectural complexity were the independent predictive features of ALT; but not the contrast enhancement. Post-contrast MRI changed the impression in a total of 5 studies (3 for R1 and 4 for R2; 2 studies are common); all of them were incorrectly changed from Ls to ALTs. Overall, inter-reader kappa agreement was 0.42 (95% CI 0.39-0.56). Discordance between the two readers was statistically significant for both pathologically proven L (p < 0.001) and ALT (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Most qualitative MR imaging features can help distinguish ALTs from BLs. However, contrast enhancement may be limited and occasionally misleading. Substantial discordance on MRI readings exists between radiologists with a relatively high false positive and negative rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Nardo
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Yasser G Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | | | - Silvia Schirò
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Section of Radiology, Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrew L Wong
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Dani Sarohia
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Scienze Radiologiche, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Morgan A Darrow
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michele Guindani
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Lee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ahmed W Moawad
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khaled M Elsayes
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramsey D Badawi
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3100, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Thomas M Link
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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