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Overbeek KA, Cahen DL, Bruno MJ. The role of endoscopic ultrasound in the detection of pancreatic lesions in high-risk individuals. Fam Cancer 2024; 23:279-293. [PMID: 38573399 PMCID: PMC11255057 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Individuals at high risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are eligible for surveillance within research programs. These programs employ periodic imaging in the form of magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasound for the detection of early cancer or high-grade precursor lesions. This narrative review discusses the role of endoscopic ultrasound within these surveillance programs. It details its overall strengths and limitations, yield, burden on patients, and how it compares to magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, recommendations are given when and how to incorporate endoscopic ultrasound in the surveillance of high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper A Overbeek
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Djuna L Cahen
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco J Bruno
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Casey M, Brown A, Romero-Hernandez F, Wang JJ, Ganjouei AA, Tozzi F, Rashidian N, Kirkwood K, Corvera C, Nakakura E, Alseidi A, Adam M. National practice patterns in the use of endoscopic ultrasound biopsy for resectable Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights into the role of DOTATATE PET/CT in diagnosis. Am J Surg 2024:115779. [PMID: 38811243 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2024.115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are typically diagnosed using endoscopic ultrasound-guided (EUS) biopsy, which can be associated with complications. Since 2016, DOTATATE PET/CT has emerged as an effective tool to localize and stage PNETs. METHODS Patients with PNETs who underwent R0 resections were identified from the 2004-2019 National Cancer Database PUF. Joinpoint regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze trends in the use of biopsy. RESULTS Of 16,746 R0 resected PNET patients, 44 % underwent diagnostic biopsy. Joinpoint regression showed a significant increase in the use of biopsy from 2004 to 2019 (APC 1.80, p < 0.001). A higher percentage of patients diagnosed after DOTATATE approval underwent biopsy compared to those diagnosed before (48 % vs. 42 %, p < 0.001). Adjusted analysis showed diagnosis after 2016 was associated with increased odds of biopsy (OR = 1.67, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Despite technologic advancement with DOTATATE PET/CT, there has been a significant increase in the proportion of resectable PNETs undergoing preoperative biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Casey
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Audrey Brown
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | - Jaeyun Jane Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Amir Ashraf Ganjouei
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Francesca Tozzi
- Department of General, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikdokht Rashidian
- Department of General, HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kimberly Kirkwood
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Carlos Corvera
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Eric Nakakura
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Adnan Alseidi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Mohamed Adam
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Shionoya K, Tonozuka R, Mukai S, Tsuchiya T, Tanaka R, Yamamoto K, Nagai K, Mastunami Y, Kojima H, Itoi T. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy using a three-prong asymmetry tip needle for pancreatic tumors and peridigestive tract lesions: Retrospective single-center study. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2024; 31:294-304. [PMID: 38212938 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition is vital for diagnosing pancreatic and peridigestive tract lesions. A new three-prong asymmetry tip needle has been developed for this procedure. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the diagnostic ability, tissue collection volume, and procedural adverse events of the three-prong asymmetry tip needle for solid pancreatic, subepithelial, and other organ lesions. METHODS We analyzed the data of 58 consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition using a three-prong asymmetry tip needle between August 2022 and April 2023 at a single care center. RESULTS The tissue collection rate was 91.4% with 89.7% accuracy, 89.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 25% negative predictive value. No significant differences in collection rates or diagnostic performance were observed based on the target organ, puncture route, or lesion size. Using our original assessment method, the average histological core tissue score was 3.1 ± 0.8, whereas the blood contamination volume was 2.5 ± 0.8. Only one of 58 patients (1.7%) developed a pancreatic fistula of moderate severity as an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS The three-prong asymmetry tip needle demonstrated good diagnostic capability and adequate sample volume with safety for pancreatic, subepithelial, and other organ lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Takayoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim KH, Park CH, Cho E, Lee Y. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling induced pancreatic duct leak resolved by the placement of a pancreatic stent: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:1677-1684. [PMID: 38576743 PMCID: PMC10989431 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i9.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal leaks complicated by endoscopic ultrasonography-guided tissue sampling (EUS-TS) can manifest as acute pancreatitis. CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old man presented with persistent abdominal pain and weight loss. Diagnosis: Laboratory findings revealed elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (5920 U/mL) and carcinoembryonic antigen (23.7 ng/mL) levels. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas revealed an approximately 3 cm ill-defined space-occupying lesion in the inferior aspect of the head, with severe encasement of the superior mesenteric artery. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma was confirmed after pathological examination of specimens obtained by EUS-TS using the fanning method. Interventions and outcomes: The following day, the patient experienced severe abdominal pain with high amylase (265 U/L) and lipase (1173 U/L) levels. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed edematous wall thickening of the second portion of the duodenum with adjacent fluid collections and a suspicious leak from either the distal common bile duct or the main pancreatic duct in the head. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed dye leakage in the head of the main pancreatic duct. Therefore, a 5F 7 cm linear plastic stent was deployed into the pancreatic duct to divert the pancreatic juice. The patient's abdominal pain improved immediately after pancreatic stent insertion, and amylase and lipase levels normalized within a week. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was then initiated. CONCLUSION Using the fanning method in EUS-TS can inadvertently cause damage to the pancreatic duct and may lead to clinically significant pancreatitis. Placing a pancreatic stent may immediately resolve acute pancreatitis and shorten the waiting time for curative therapy. When using the fanning method during EUS-TS, ductal structures should be excluded to prevent pancreatic ductal leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Eunae Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Yohan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
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de Jong M, van Delft F, Roozen C, van Geenen EJ, Bisseling T, Siersema P, Bruno M. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs before endoscopic ultrasound guided tissue acquisition to reduce the incidence of post procedural pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:811-816. [PMID: 38516233 PMCID: PMC10950633 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i8.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy is the gold standard for sampling tissue to diagnose pancreatic cancer and autoimmune pancreatitis or to analyze cyst fluid. The most common reported adverse event of fine needle aspiration and/or fine needle biopsy is acute pancreatitis, which is likely induced by the same pathophysiological mechanisms as after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). According to the current European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are administered prior to ERCP as a scientifically proven treatment to reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis incidence rate. A single suppository of diclofenac or indomethacin prior to EUS guided tissue acquisition (TA) is harmless in healthy adults. Since it is associated with low costs and, most important, may prevent a dreadsome complication, we strongly recommend the administration of 100 mg diclofenac rectally prior to EUS-TA. We will explain this recommendation in more detail in this review as well as the risk and pathophysiology of post-EUS TA pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike de Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Foke van Delft
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Christine Roozen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Erwin-Jan van Geenen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Tanya Bisseling
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
| | - Peter Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Marco Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
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Rogowska JO, Durko Ł, Malecka-Wojciesko E. The Latest Advancements in Diagnostic Role of Endosonography of Pancreatic Lesions. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4630. [PMID: 37510744 PMCID: PMC10380545 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosonography, a minimally invasive imaging technique, has revolutionized the diagnosis and management of pancreatic diseases. This comprehensive review highlights the latest advancements in endosonography of the pancreas, focusing on key technological developments, procedural techniques, clinical applications and additional techniques, which include real-time elastography endoscopic ultrasound, contrast-enhanced-EUS, EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy. EUS is well established for T-staging and N-staging of pancreaticobiliary malignancies, for pancreatic cyst discovery, for identifying subepithelial lesions (SEL), for differentiation of benign pancreaticobiliary disorders or for acquisition of tissue by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration or EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy. This review briefly describes principles and application of EUS and its related techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Łukasz Durko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Malecka-Wojciesko
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland
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Leifeld L, Denzer U, Frieling T, Jakobs R, Faiss S, Lenzen H, Lynen P, Mayerle J, Ockenga J, Tappe U, Terjung B, Wedemeyer H, Albert J. [Structural, procedural, and personnel requirements for cross-sectoral provision of endoscopic gastroenterological procedures]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:799-809. [PMID: 37494075 DOI: 10.1055/a-2105-4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Gastroenterology has made crucial advances in diagnostic and interventional endoscopic procedures, opening up improvements in the treatment of many patients. Thus, organ-preserving treatments are increasingly being made possible, replacing more invasive organ resecting surgical procedures. At the same time, the degree of complexity and risks varies widely between different endoscopic procedures. In many cases, simpler endoscopic procedures are now offered on an outpatient basis. Further potential for cross-sectoral performance of endoscopic procedures exists in the case of complex endoscopic procedures, which, however, require special structural, procedural and personnel requirements in order to provide quality-assured treatment, enable post-interventional monitoring and, if necessary, take measures to ensure the success of the treatment. We summarize the essential prerequisites and limitations for cross-sector performance of endoscopic procedures in gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Leifeld
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Allgemeine Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, St Bernward Krankenhaus, Hildesheim, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Denzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Gastroenterologie, Endokrinologie, Stoffwechsel und klinische Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg - Standort Marburg, Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Frieling
- Medizinische Klinik II, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - Ralf Jakobs
- Medizinische Klinik C mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Klinikum Ludwigshafen, Deutschland
| | - Siegbert Faiss
- Gastroenterologie, Sana Klinikum Lichtenberg, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Henrike Lenzen
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Petra Lynen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, LMU München, Deutschland
| | - Johann Ockenga
- Medizinische Klinik II, Gesundheit Nord, Klinikverbund Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Tappe
- Gastropraxis an der St. Barbara Klinik, Hamm, Deutschland
| | - Birgit Terjung
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Gastroenterologie, GFO Kliniken Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Deutschland
| | - Jörg Albert
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastroenterologische Onkologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart gemeinnützige Kommunalanstalt öffentlichen Rechts (gKAöR), Stuttgart, Deutschland
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8
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Lai JH, Lin CC, Lin HH, Chen MJ. Is contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy better than conventional fine needle biopsy? A retrospective study in a medical center. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:6138-6143. [PMID: 35484412 PMCID: PMC9283143 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09253-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (CE-EUS-FNA) could help clinicians to precisely locate and puncture lesions, but its effect on the diagnostic yield improvement is controversial. We designed this study to observe the additional benefit of using contrast in EUS-guided tissue sampling while performing fine needle biopsy (FNB) instead of FNA, as FNB results in a higher diagnostic accuracy. Method Patients who underwent EUS-FNB performed by a single medical team from January 2019 to March 2021 were included in this study. We analyzed the cytopathological diagnostic accuracy rate and number of needle passes between groups who underwent FNB with and without contrast. Result We divided 133 patients who were diagnosed with a malignancy into two groups according to whether they underwent CE-EUS-FNB (n = 48) or conventional EUS-FNB (n = 85). The CE-EUS-FNB group had an equal diagnostic accuracy rate with fewer needle passes compared with the conventional EUS-FNB group. There was no significant trend change in the success cytopathological diagnostic rate for experienced endoscopists for EUS-FNA. Conclusion CE-EUS-FNB had fewer needle passes but no additional benefit for diagnostic yield improvement. There was no difficult threshold for CE-EUS-FNB for endoscopists who were well trained in conventional FNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Han Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Chung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Hung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 92, Sec. 2, Chung-Shan North Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Beyer G, Hoffmeister A, Michl P, Gress TM, Huber W, Algül H, Neesse A, Meining A, Seufferlein TW, Rosendahl J, Kahl S, Keller J, Werner J, Friess H, Bufler P, Löhr MJ, Schneider A, Lynen Jansen P, Esposito I, Grenacher L, Mössner J, Lerch MM, Mayerle J. S3-Leitlinie Pankreatitis – Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS) – September 2021 – AWMF Registernummer 021-003. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 60:419-521. [PMID: 35263785 DOI: 10.1055/a-1735-3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Beyer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Hoffmeister
- Bereich Gastroenterologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Patrick Michl
- Universitätsklinik u. Poliklinik Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Mathias Gress
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Huber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München TUM, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center München TUM, II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Albrecht Neesse
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, gastrointestinale Onkologie und Endokrinologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Meining
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutschland
| | | | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Universitätsklinik u. Poliklinik Innere Medizin I mit Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Deutschland
| | - Stefan Kahl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin m. Schwerpkt. Gastro./Hämat./Onko./Nephro., DRK Kliniken Berlin Köpenick, Deutschland
| | - Jutta Keller
- Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Jens Werner
- Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum München, Deutschland
| | - Helmut Friess
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, München, Deutschland
| | - Philip Bufler
- Klinik für Pädiatrie m. S. Gastroenterologie, Nephrologie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Charité Campus Virchow-Klinikum - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Matthias J Löhr
- Department of Gastroenterology, Karolinska, Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Schweden
| | - Alexander Schneider
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Klinikum Bad Hersfeld, Deutschland
| | - Petra Lynen Jansen
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten (DGVS), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Irene Esposito
- Pathologisches Institut, Heinrich-Heine-Universität und Universitätsklinikum Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Lars Grenacher
- Conradia Radiologie München Schwabing, München, Deutschland
| | - Joachim Mössner
- Bereich Gastroenterologie, Klinik und Poliklinik für Onkologie, Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie Pneumologie und Infektiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin A, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Deutschland.,Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Deutschland
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, LMU Klinikum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Deutschland
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