Association of clinicopathological features and gastric cancer incidence in a single institution

Computer analysis of abnormal proliferation and transformation cells in gastric mucosa and its clinical significance

To investigate the image computer analysis of abnormally proliferating transformed cells of gastric mucosa and its clinical significance. The pathological pictures of gastric adenomatous polyp cells, abnormally proliferating altered cells, and tubular adenocarcinoma cells in the stomach mucosa were assessed by image computer method on a total of 96 gastroscopic biopsy and ESD resection specimens. The data of cytoplasmic area, nuclear area, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear factor and N-heterotypic index of gastric adenomatous polyps, abnormal proliferative transformation and gastric intramucosal tubular adenocarcinoma were collected, and the mean, standard deviation and variance were calculated respectively. Standard Error, Maximum, Minimum Parameters and Statistical Structure. There were substantial discrepancies between gastric mucosal gastric adenomatous polyp cells and gastric mucosal abnormally proliferating transformed cells, according to the five data in the abnormal cells in the stomach mucosal proliferation area (p < 0.01); There was no significant difference between cells (p > 0.05). Computer analysis of cell images can provide quantitative values for the pathological diagnosis of gastric adenomatous polyp cells, abnormally proliferating transformed cells and tubular adenocarcinoma cells in the gastric mucosa, especially the degree of atypical proliferation. The monitoring of abnormally proliferated and transformed cells in gastric mucosa is of great significance for clinicians to accurately treat and track cell transformation, and to control the occurrence and development of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Predictive Factors Associated with Survival in Female Gastric Cancer Patients in Southeast Asia

Introduction

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries have high Helicobacter pylori infections, and gastric cancer (GC) is a leading fatal cancer in this region, especially in female patients. This study aimed to compare clinical manifestations, histopathological subtypes, and prognostic factors associated with the overall survival rate of female GC patients in this important region.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2007 and 2022 at a tertiary care center in Thailand. All clinical information, endoscopic findings, and histological types were extensively reviewed. Furthermore, all qualified studies in ASEAN published in PubMed and Scopus between 2000 and 2022 were extracted and thoroughly analyzed. Young female GC patients are defined as those ≤50 years of age.

Results

A total of 98 Thai female GC patients were included, with a mean age of 58.99 ± 14 years; 70.4% were elderly women. The common presenting symptoms were weight loss (69.4%) and dyspepsia (68.4%). Younger female GC patients had significantly more common diffuse-type GC than elderly female GC patients (82.8% vs. 53.6%, p-value = 0.007). Moreover, elderly female GC patients demonstrated significantly better survival than younger female GC patients (44.8% vs. 20.7%, odds ratio = 3.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.20-10.14, p-value = 0.022). Furthermore, a total of 1,491 female GC patients from ASEAN were reviewed and included in this study, aged 15 to 93 years. The top three countries with the highest proportion of female GC from ASEAN were Indonesia (66.7%), Thailand (44.9%), and Singapore (38.4%).

Conclusion

GC in women is not uncommon in ASEAN and presents at an advanced stage with a grave prognosis. This study showed that ASEAN countries with the highest disease burden were Indonesia, Thailand, and Singapore. Overall, survival rates for female GC patients in ASEAN countries were relatively low, highlighting the need for proactive measures such as intensive H. pylori eradication and the development of early detection methods for GC.

Influence of Helicobacter pylori oncoprotein CagA in gastric cancer: A critical-reflective analysis

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common malignancy and third leading cancer-related cause of death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that inhabits the gastric environment of 60.3% of the world’s population and represents the main risk factor for the onset of gastric neoplasms. CagA is the most important virulence factor in H. pylori, and is a translocated oncoprotein that induces morphofunctional modifications in gastric epithelial cells and a chronic inflammatory response that increases the risk of developing precancerous lesions. Upon translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation, CagA moves to the cell membrane and acts as a pathological scaffold protein that simultaneously interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways, thereby disrupting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. All these alterations in cell biology increase the risk of damaged cells acquiring pro-oncogenic genetic changes. In this sense, once gastric cancer sets in, its perpetuation is independent of the presence of the oncoprotein, characterizing a “hit-and-run” carcinogenic mechanism. Therefore, this review aims to describe H. pylori- and CagA-related oncogenic mechanisms, to update readers and discuss the novelties and perspectives in this field.