Reported Technical Aspects of Type II SLAP Lesion Repairs in Athletes

Posterior repair of isolated type 2 superior labrum anterior-posterior lesion prevents external rotation deficiency: long-term outcome study

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of arthroscopic type 2 superior labrum anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesion repair in the general population and compare clinical outcomes according to patient age and repair site.

METHODS

Between 2005 and 2018, patients who underwent arthroscopic repair for isolated type 2 SLAP lesions were retrospectively reviewed. Baseline characteristics, pre- and postoperative [1-year and > 2-year (final)] shoulder range-of-motion, and functional scores, comprising the pain visual analogue scale (PVAS), functional VAS, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, were evaluated. Return to overhead activities and subjective satisfaction were assessed at the final follow-up, and patients were divided by age [group YB (< 40 years] and group OB (≥ 40 years)] and repair site [group P (only posterior labrum repair) and group AP (anterior and posterior labrum repair)]. Overall patient outcomes were analysed and compared between groups.

RESULTS

This study included 54 patients (45 men) with a mean age of 37.1 ± 8.3 years. The mean follow-up was 90.8 ± 51.3 months. Two patients experienced early failure, and one patient had a ruptured biceps tendon during the follow-up period. Final functional scores improved compared to their preoperative scores in all patients, except three (all p < 0.001). Fifty patients (98.0%) were satisfied, and 39 patients (76.5%) were able to perform overhead sports without restriction. In 25 patients who attended more than 7 years of follow-up (mean, 11.3 ± 2.7 years), 21 patients (84%) had an ASES score ≥ 80, and all patients had PVAS ≤ 2. There was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between groups YB and OB. The final median external rotation was significantly more restricted in group AP than in group P (40 [25-65] vs. 60 [50-70], p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

Arthroscopic type 2 SLAP repair induced good short- and long-term clinical outcomes, return to overhead activities, and subjective satisfaction in the general population, regardless of age, due to the careful evaluation of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies. However, performing only posterior repair seems sufficient since anterior labral SLAP lesion repair can limit ER. Isolated type 2 SLAP lesion posterior repair only is, thus, recommended to reduce external rotation deficit risk and increase satisfaction, regardless of patient age.

STUDY DESIGN

Case series.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Level IV.