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Sarmiento CA, Hernández AM, Mañanas MÁ, Serna LY. A Dynamic Fitting Strategy for Physiological Models: A Case Study of a Cardiorespiratory Model for the Simulation of Incremental Aerobic Exercise. J Pers Med 2024; 14:406. [PMID: 38673033 PMCID: PMC11051577 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Using mathematical models of physiological systems in medicine has allowed for the development of diagnostic, treatment, and medical educational tools. However, their complexity restricts, in most cases, their application for predictive, preventive, and personalized purposes. Although there are strategies that reduce the complexity of applying models based on fitting techniques, most of them are focused on a single instant of time, neglecting the effect of the system's temporal evolution. The objective of this research was to introduce a dynamic fitting strategy for physiological models with an extensive array of parameters and a constrained amount of experimental data. The proposed strategy focused on obtaining better predictions based on the temporal trends in the system's parameters and being capable of predicting future states. The study utilized a cardiorespiratory model as a case study. Experimental data from a longitudinal study of healthy adult subjects undergoing aerobic exercise were used for fitting and validation. The model predictions obtained in a steady state using the proposed strategy and the traditional single-fit approach were compared. The most successful outcomes were primarily linked to the proposed strategy, exhibiting better overall results regarding accuracy and behavior than the traditional population fitting approach at a single instant in time. The results evidenced the usefulness of the dynamic fitting strategy, highlighting its use for predictive, preventive, and personalized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Sarmiento
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-51, Medellin 050016, Colombia;
| | - Alher M. Hernández
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-51, Medellin 050016, Colombia;
| | - Miguel Á. Mañanas
- Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (M.Á.M.); (L.Y.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leidy Y. Serna
- Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; (M.Á.M.); (L.Y.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Warnaar RSP, Mulder MP, Fresiello L, Cornet AD, Heunks LMA, Donker DW, Oppersma E. Computational physiological models for individualised mechanical ventilation: a systematic literature review focussing on quality, availability, and clinical readiness. Crit Care 2023; 27:268. [PMID: 37415253 PMCID: PMC10327331 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualised optimisation of mechanical ventilation (MV) remains cumbersome in modern intensive care medicine. Computerised, model-based support systems could help in tailoring MV settings to the complex interactions between MV and the individual patient's pathophysiology. Therefore, we critically appraised the current literature on computational physiological models (CPMs) for individualised MV in the ICU with a focus on quality, availability, and clinical readiness. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on 13 February 2023 in MEDLINE ALL, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science to identify original research articles describing CPMs for individualised MV in the ICU. The modelled physiological phenomena, clinical applications, and level of readiness were extracted. The quality of model design reporting and validation was assessed based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standards. RESULTS Out of 6,333 unique publications, 149 publications were included. CPMs emerged since the 1970s with increasing levels of readiness. A total of 131 articles (88%) modelled lung mechanics, mainly for lung-protective ventilation. Gas exchange (n = 38, 26%) and gas homeostasis (n = 36, 24%) models had mainly applications in controlling oxygenation and ventilation. Respiratory muscle function models for diaphragm-protective ventilation emerged recently (n = 3, 2%). Three randomised controlled trials were initiated, applying the Beacon and CURE Soft models for gas exchange and PEEP optimisation. Overall, model design and quality were reported unsatisfactory in 93% and 21% of the articles, respectively. CONCLUSION CPMs are advancing towards clinical application as an explainable tool to optimise individualised MV. To promote clinical application, dedicated standards for quality assessment and model reporting are essential. Trial registration number PROSPERO- CRD42022301715 . Registered 05 February, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S P Warnaar
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M P Mulder
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - L Fresiello
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A D Cornet
- Department of Intensive Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - L M A Heunks
- Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D W Donker
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Intensive Care Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Oppersma
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Sarmiento CA, Serna LY, Hernández AM, Mañanas MÁ. A Novel Strategy to Fit and Validate Physiological Models: A Case Study of a Cardiorespiratory Model for Simulation of Incremental Aerobic Exercise. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050908. [PMID: 36900052 PMCID: PMC10000473 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Applying complex mathematical models of physiological systems is challenging due to the large number of parameters. Identifying these parameters through experimentation is difficult, and although procedures for fitting and validating models are reported, no integrated strategy exists. Additionally, the complexity of optimization is generally neglected when the number of experimental observations is restricted, obtaining multiple solutions or results without physiological justification. This work proposes a fitting and validation strategy for physiological models with many parameters under various populations, stimuli, and experimental conditions. A cardiorespiratory system model is used as a case study, and the strategy, model, computational implementation, and data analysis are described. Using optimized parameter values, model simulations are compared to those obtained using nominal values, with experimental data as a reference. Overall, a reduction in prediction error is achieved compared to that reported for model building. Furthermore, the behavior and accuracy of all the predictions in the steady state were improved. The results validate the fitted model and provide evidence of the proposed strategy's usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Sarmiento
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-51, Medellin 050016, Colombia
- Correspondence:
| | - Leidy Y. Serna
- Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alher M. Hernández
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 # 52-51, Medellin 050016, Colombia
| | - Miguel Á. Mañanas
- Departament d’Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automàtica i Informàtica Industrial (ESAII), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Salazar MB, Mauricio Hernandez A, Mananas MA, Cortes Daza C. Modeling of Heart Rate Variability and Respiratory Muscle Activity in Organophosphate Poisoned Patients. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 23:2455-2463. [PMID: 30676990 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2894758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We propose an extended model of cardiovascular regulation to assess heart rate variability in patients poisoned with organophosphate during their treatment with mechanical ventilation. The model was modified to fit a population of 21 patients poisoned with organophosphorus compounds and undergoing mechanical ventilation. The extended model incorporated the respiratory muscle activity measured by surface electromyography for quantifying the vagal-sympathetic engagement during spontaneous breathing test. The order and structure of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic transfer function with respect to the original model were modified to a second-order system. In this extended model, the parameters related to the vagal-sympathetic response (corner frequency and constant gain) were correlated with respiratory muscle activity. When the diaphragm's contractions were stronger, the sympathetic corner frequency increased while the parasympathetic corner frequency and gain decreased. Thus, the proposed model could be useful to improve the ventilatory support and pharmacological treatment for patients poisoned with organophosphorus compounds considering the vagal-sympathetic response inferred from the respiratory muscle activity.
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Serna LY, Mañanas MA, Hernández AM, Rabinovich RA. An Improved Dynamic Model for the Respiratory Response to Exercise. Front Physiol 2018; 9:69. [PMID: 29467674 PMCID: PMC5808356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory system modeling has been extensively studied in steady-state conditions to simulate sleep disorders, to predict its behavior under ventilatory diseases or stimuli and to simulate its interaction with mechanical ventilation. Nevertheless, the studies focused on the instantaneous response are limited, which restricts its application in clinical practice. The aim of this study is double: firstly, to analyze both dynamic and static responses of two known respiratory models under exercise stimuli by using an incremental exercise stimulus sequence (to analyze the model responses when step inputs are applied) and experimental data (to assess prediction capability of each model). Secondly, to propose changes in the models' structures to improve their transient and stationary responses. The versatility of the resulting model vs. the other two is shown according to the ability to simulate ventilatory stimuli, like exercise, with a proper regulation of the arterial blood gases, suitable constant times and a better adjustment to experimental data. The proposed model adjusts the breathing pattern every respiratory cycle using an optimization criterion based on minimization of work of breathing through regulation of respiratory frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Y Serna
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department, ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Mañanas
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre (CREB), Automatic Control Department, ESAII, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alher M Hernández
- Bioinstrumentation and Clinical Engineering Research Group - GIBIC, Bioengineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Roberto A Rabinovich
- ELEGI and COLT Laboratories, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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